媒體在青年技能培訓(xùn)中的作用

The youth skill training has been one of the focuses of the international community for a long time. In recent years， structural reform， technical progress and pressure of globalization have greatly impacted on the world economy and hindered youth employment so that the youth employment problem has become extremely prominent in the whole world. Therefore， it is very important to improve youth skills and tackle competitive working pressure through efficient trainings.

With the support of International Ecological Safety Collaborative Organization and UN-HABITAT， I founded the bilingual magazine of UN Initiative and Technology for the Youth in September 2010， targeting at the problems of the youth in order to provide the youth， women and children with an interaction platform. They can learn the current problems and the ways and methods of skills training to improve themselves. The magazine has gained widespread recognition and praise from the international society since its publication. With this case， I want to share with you the idea that the mass media plays a significant role in the process of skills training for youth.

青年技能培訓(xùn)是國(guó)際社會(huì)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)最為關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題之一。近年來(lái)，由于各國(guó)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、技術(shù)進(jìn)步、全球化壓力，不僅對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)造成重大影響，而且嚴(yán)重阻礙了青年就業(yè)步伐，導(dǎo)致全球范圍內(nèi)青年失業(yè)問(wèn)題日益突出。如何通過(guò)行之有效的培訓(xùn)途徑，提高青年自身的修養(yǎng)和技能，應(yīng)對(duì)多元化的工作和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力變得由為重要。

為了使處于就業(yè)迷茫中的廣大青年提供一個(gè)交流互動(dòng)的平臺(tái)，2010年9月，在聯(lián)合國(guó)人類住區(qū)規(guī)劃署與國(guó)際生態(tài)安全合作組織的支持下，我創(chuàng)辦了中英雙語(yǔ)雜志《聯(lián)合國(guó)青年技術(shù)培訓(xùn)》，針對(duì)青年、婦女、兒童中存在的問(wèn)題，使青年朋友們不僅能從中讀到針砭時(shí)弊的解析，也能了解到諸多提高自身技能修養(yǎng)的培訓(xùn)方式與方法，這本雜志出版后受到了國(guó)際社會(huì)的廣泛認(rèn)可和好評(píng)。通過(guò)這個(gè)案例，我想要與各位朋友分享的話題是——大眾媒體在青年技術(shù)培訓(xùn)過(guò)程中所承載的重要推動(dòng)與傳播功能。

Since the emergence of mass media， it has had the function of information communication. As an information exchange platform， it has become more distinct with the rise of network and new media. Along with the rapid development of network， a lot of information has greatly enriched people's horizons. Internet is favored by most young people with the advantages of fast speed， massive information and novel patterns. As a result， a large number of information and all kinds of knowledge on new skills quickly burst into the youths’ eyes. They can freely choose the ways to improve themselves according to personal interests as well as the employment requirement. Meanwhile， direct communication also helps the communication between youth and the government for the government to have direct access to information and implement relevant policies and regulations. This is called function acquisition. In addition， mass media has also set up a communication platform. Especially the interaction of new media greatly enhances personal subjectivity， liberates people's creativity， and provides a broader space for the generation of new knowledge or information. Each of the participants， i.e.， publishers， communicators and consumers， has equal and mutual control of the content. New media changes the traditional media’s one-way model of “point to surface” to the communication of \"point to point\". So in the new media era， in terms of information dissemination， the traditional recipients change from simple unidirectional recipients of knowledge into the creators of knowledge and information. Therefore， we-media represented by blogs， and podcast appears. All young people can be the disseminators of information， as well as the recipients of information. We-media has changed the traditional mass media’s mindset that \"I say and you listen\"， make possible the online BBS where the recipients can “control information\" and be \"interactive\"， and enable young people to share and communicate in real-time interaction， which greatly enhances the participation of youth in training activities. The above two points are the purpose for which I lead my team to develop the new media project， as I am not satisfied with the operation of traditional media. I hope youths all over the world can achieve real-time communication and interaction through the development of new media.

According to data， with the increasingly worldwide unemployment， most young people of 20 to 24 in Canada who do not go to school can just find part-time jobs， which is the highest record in the country. In UK， young people under the age of 30 tend to be unemployed for more than two years. Young people are the biggest group of victims in the sluggish economic environment because unemployment is first aimed at inexperienced young people. In Australia， Europe or America， \"jobless generation\"， \"collapse generation\" and \"lost generation\" have become the popular synonymous of this era. So， how to guide the youths to get out of the dilemma? \"Opinion leaders\" in the media tend to be a good method. Opinion leaders often provide information， opinions and comments for others and exert influence on others. They are mediation or filter link in forming the process of mass communication. They spread information to others and form two levels of transmission of information， which will directly affect the behaviors of others. In this way， youths in confusion can be liberated from the low moods and they will form a positive outlook on life. The media will give play to the guidance function.

大眾傳媒自誕生之日起就肩負(fù)著信息傳播的功能。作為一個(gè)信息交流平臺(tái)，這一點(diǎn)隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)和新媒體的興起更為明顯。伴隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)的迅猛發(fā)展，大量的信息極大地豐富了人們的視野。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)以特有的零時(shí)差、零距離、零空間的優(yōu)勢(shì)和信息量大、圖文并茂、形式新穎的特點(diǎn)，深受廣大青年的青睞，從而導(dǎo)致井噴式的信息量大量涌出，各類有關(guān)新的科學(xué)技術(shù)迅速呈現(xiàn)在廣大青年的視野之中，他們可以根據(jù)個(gè)人的興趣愛(ài)好，以及社會(huì)就業(yè)缺口自由選擇能提升個(gè)人修為的渠道，直接的交流可以迅速實(shí)現(xiàn)青年個(gè)體與政府間的溝通，更為直接的實(shí)現(xiàn)政府對(duì)信息的獲取，從而進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)相關(guān)政策、法規(guī)的制定。這一點(diǎn)，我們稱之為獲取功能。除此之外，大眾媒體還搭建了一個(gè)合作的交流平臺(tái)。媒體尤其是新媒體的交互性使得個(gè)人的主體性大大加強(qiáng)，并極大地解放了人們的創(chuàng)造力，同時(shí)也為新的信息或知識(shí)的產(chǎn)生提供了更為廣泛的空間。每個(gè)參與者，不論是出版者、傳播者、還是消費(fèi)者，對(duì)內(nèi)容都擁有對(duì)等的和相互的控制。新媒體一改傳統(tǒng)媒體單向“點(diǎn)對(duì)面”的傳播模式成為“點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)”的傳播。因此在新媒體時(shí)代的信息傳播中，傳統(tǒng)的受眾由簡(jiǎn)單知識(shí)的單向接受者轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹R(shí)與信息創(chuàng)造者，于是以博客、播客為代表的自媒體出現(xiàn)了。可以說(shuō)所有的青年不僅是信息的傳播者，也都可以是信息的受眾，自媒體改變了傳統(tǒng)大眾傳媒的“我說(shuō)你聽(tīng)”的思維定勢(shì)，使受眾“左右信息 ”和“ 交互式 ”網(wǎng)上論壇成為可能，也為青年即時(shí)互動(dòng)的分享與溝通成為可能，極大的增強(qiáng)了青年培訓(xùn)活動(dòng)的凝合性與參與性。以上兩點(diǎn)是我不滿足于傳統(tǒng)媒體的經(jīng)營(yíng)，帶領(lǐng)團(tuán)隊(duì)致力于開(kāi)發(fā)新媒體項(xiàng)目（APP）的目的，希望全球的青年通過(guò)新媒體功能的發(fā)展實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí)的交流與互動(dòng)。當(dāng)然，媒體也是了解青年輿論、引導(dǎo)青年思想和教育的重要方式。

目前，全球范圍內(nèi)的青年失業(yè)率逞進(jìn)一步上升趨勢(shì)，有媒體數(shù)據(jù)顯示，加拿大20到24歲未求學(xué)的大多數(shù)青年，僅能找到一份半職工作，這是該國(guó)的歷史新高；英國(guó)30歲以下的年輕人一般會(huì)有兩年多左右的時(shí)間處于失業(yè)狀態(tài)。青年人是經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境不景氣最大的受害者，因?yàn)榫蜆I(yè)的大門(mén)往往率先對(duì)這些沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的群體關(guān)閉。不管在澳洲，還是在歐洲、美洲，“ 無(wú)業(yè)代 ”、“ 崩世代 ”、“ 迷失的一代 ”、“ 蟻窩族 ”都成為這個(gè)時(shí)代的流行代名詞，那么如何引導(dǎo)這部分迷茫中的青年走出困惑，媒體中的“ 意見(jiàn)領(lǐng)袖 ”往往是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇。意見(jiàn)領(lǐng)袖經(jīng)常為他人提供信息、意見(jiàn)、評(píng)論，并對(duì)他人施加影響，是大眾傳播效果在形成過(guò)程的中介或過(guò)濾的環(huán)節(jié)。由他們將信息擴(kuò)散給其他人，形成信息傳遞的兩級(jí)傳播，將直接影響到其他人的行為，運(yùn)用這一點(diǎn)，將處于迷失狀態(tài)的青年們從低落的情緒中解放出來(lái)，并引導(dǎo)他們形成積極地人生觀，極致的發(fā)揮傳媒的引導(dǎo)作用。

Media plays a positive role in youth’s employment and training with its inherent access function， communication function and guiding function. However， as a spread medium， the mass media still has the inevitable disadvantage that mixed information easily causes the blind following of some youths. Youths are in the period of forming and establishing their outlook on life and values. They are easily attracted by new things so they will form multiple values. If youths lack the ability to analyze and discriminate， their thoughts will be affected by the diverse values in media. They are easy to be lost in values. Their identification of bad values influences the establishment of the right ideals， beliefs and values to different extents. Especially a lot of youths have rebellious attitude to the education of orthodox values in order to reveal their unique personality. Marijuana， for example， has long been forbidden by the government， but it becomes the first choice of problematic youths. Many young people take marijuana for the first time not for the needs of the body， but for the intervention and guidance of bad information from media when their spirits are in a state of disorder and they communicate with others on media platform with no choice. Therefore， it is imperative to establish a healthy and orderly training and education media platform to help the youths set up the correct value orientation.

Youth training and education are the only ways to solve the problem of youth unemployment and also the only ways to help young people build up correct outlook on life values. Experience tells us that although there are many ways of training， the media's role is unparalleled. So， I hope that you will provide new ideas for my new media team to accelerate the construction of the media for youths.

媒體先天具備的獲取功能，交流功能與引導(dǎo)功能在解決青年人的就業(yè)與培訓(xùn)方面起著積極的作用，但是大眾媒體作為一個(gè)廣泛傳播的介質(zhì)，仍然存在著其不可避免的劣勢(shì)。如，信息的混合性容易導(dǎo)致部分青年選擇的盲從。青年正處于人生觀、價(jià)值觀的形成期和確立期，很容易受到新鮮事物的吸引，形成多元價(jià)值觀念。如果青年分析力、判別力相對(duì)較弱，媒體中充斥的多元化價(jià)值觀對(duì)青年思想所帶來(lái)的前所未有的沖擊，容易使青年陷入價(jià)值觀的迷途，尤其是對(duì)糟粕價(jià)值觀念無(wú)意識(shí)的認(rèn)同，已不同程度地影響到青年正確的理想、信仰和價(jià)值觀的確立，尤其是不少青年為了彰顯獨(dú)特的個(gè)性，往往對(duì)正統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀教育產(chǎn)生逆反心理。以大麻的吸食為例，作為政府明令禁止吸食的物品，大麻長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)都是作為禁物存在的，但卻成為問(wèn)題青年的首選，很多青年人最初吸食大麻并非因?yàn)樯眢w需求，而是當(dāng)精神處于無(wú)序狀態(tài)的他們，無(wú)選擇性的使用媒體平臺(tái)進(jìn)行與他人交流時(shí)，糟粕信息媒介的介入與引導(dǎo)。因此，建立一個(gè)健康有序的青年培訓(xùn)與教育媒體平臺(tái)，幫助處于迷茫期的青年排除不利因素的干擾，樹(shù)立正確的價(jià)值取向勢(shì)在必行。

青年人的培訓(xùn)教育是解決青年失業(yè)問(wèn)題的唯一途徑，也是幫助青年人樹(shù)立正確人生觀價(jià)值觀的唯一途徑，經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴我們，雖然培訓(xùn)的方式有很多種，但是媒體在這些方式方法中所起到的凝合作用與交流作用無(wú)可比擬，因此，希望大家能為新媒體團(tuán)隊(duì)獻(xiàn)計(jì)獻(xiàn)策，加速屬于青年團(tuán)隊(duì)媒體的創(chuàng)建。