魏亞麗
【摘要】 下面筆者結合歷屆高考題將while一詞的種種用法歸納總結如下,希望對同學們的學習有所幫助。
【關鍵詞】 while的用法歸納 高考真題 反饋練習
【中圖分類號】 G633.41 【文獻標識碼】 A 【文章編號】 1992-7711(2014)02-041-02
英語當中有很多單詞都是一詞多意,一詞多性或者是一詞多用,真正熟練掌握該詞的所有意思、詞性及其常見用法相對來說就比較困難, 加上又是高考命題的熱點詞之一,因此掌握該詞的用法很重要。
連詞while大致有以下幾種用法——
一、引導時間狀語從句
意為“當……的時候; 和……同時”, 此時從句中的謂語通常是延續性動詞或表示狀態的詞。(既可放在句首,也可放在句中)
如: While Li Ming was watching TV,he fell asleep.
(李明看著電視睡著了。)
Mary listened to the radio while she ate her supper.
(瑪麗邊聽音樂邊吃飯)
While we were arguing, our head teacher came in.
(當我們正在吵架時班主任進來了。)
另外 while 引導的狀語從句還可以表示“某個動作正在進行的同時,另一個動作也在進行之中”。
例如:While the teacher was speaking, the students were listening.
(老師講課時,學生們在聽。)
While he was writing, I was reading. (他寫字時,我在看書。)
例1 —Are you ready for Spain?
—Yes, I want the girls to experience that ______ they are young.(2008上海)
A. while B. until C. if D. before
解析【A】。B選項until 意為“直到……”,引導時間狀語從句;C選項if 引導條件狀語從句或賓語從句;D選項before引導時間狀語從句。這些選項均不符合題意。
例2. ——I am going to the office.
——_____you're there, can you get me some stamps (NMET'99)
A. As B. While C. Because D. If
解析【B】 主句中“get me some stamps”的動作發生在時間狀語從句“youre there”的過程之中,因此While除可表示同時性外,還含有一個動作在另一個動作正在進行或持續過程中的某一時刻發生;A選項As一般強調主句謂語動詞與從句謂語動詞動作的同時性;C選項 Because引導原因狀語從句;D選項If引導條件狀語從句,按題干提供的情景均不可取,因此B選項是最佳選項。
二、引導讓步狀語從句
意為“雖然…但是….”、“盡管…但是…” (多放于句首)
例如: While I understand your opinion,I dont agree with you.
(雖然我理解你的觀點,但我還是不能同意你。)
While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.
(雖然他愛他的學生,可是他對學生們很嚴格。)
例3 ________the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it. (2008湖南)
A. If B. While C. Because D. As
解析【B】 while意為“雖然;盡管”表示讓步;A選項if只能引導條件狀語從句及賓語從句;C選項because引導原因狀語從句,且也不能置于句首;D選項as引導原因或時間狀語從句,在該題中均不合題意。
例4 ________I really dont like art, I find his work impressive.(07山東卷)
A. As B. Since C. If D.While
解析【D】此題考查關聯詞的用法。前一分句意為:“我真的不喜歡藝術”,后一分句意為:“我發現他的創作給人留下很深的印象”,這兩個分句之間的關系很自然不是因果關系,也不是條件和結果的關系,故可排除A、B和C。此時的while意為“雖然,盡管”,引導讓步狀語從句,相當于although。
三、連接并列句
意思是“然而,但是” 用來連接兩個并列句子,表示前后對比或相反的情況。 (通常放在主句之后)
You like Maths, while I prefer English.
(你喜歡數學,而我更喜歡英語。)
I like singing while my sister likes dancing.
(我喜歡唱歌,而妹妹喜歡跳舞。)
例5 In some places women are expected to earn money _______men stay at home and raise their children.(2008 四川)
A. but B. while C. because D. though
解析【B】A選項but也有“而, 然而”之意,但but 強調前后的轉折關系,如:We love peace but we have to fight for it, not beg for it. (我們熱愛和平,但我們不應乞求和平,而是應當爭取它); C選項because 引導原因狀語從句;D選項though 引導讓步狀語從句,均不合題意。
例6 We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall,_______, in fact, there were 40.(2006全國Ⅲ)
A. while B. whether C. what D. which
解析【A】該題中while用于前后兩個數字的對比。 由于該句中間有一個插入語 in fact,在while的前后均有逗號將其隔開,增加了該題的難度。D選項的which要引導一個非限制性定語從句;而該句并非是一個非限制性定語從句。 其他選項都不合題意。
例7 The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, _______the quality of life is probably one of the highest.(2006天津)
A. since B. when C. as D. while
解析【A】 該題中的while 用于前后情況的對比。A選項的since 只能引導原因或時間狀語從句;B選項的when 只能引導時間狀語從句;C選項的as 只能引導時間或原因狀語從句,顯然都不合題意。
四、引導條件狀語從句
意為 “只要” 相當于as long as . (可位于句首,也可位于句中)
例如:While there is a will, there is a way. (有志者事竟成。)
We can surely overcome these difficulties while we are closely united.
(只要我們緊密地團結一致,一定能克服這些困難。)
There will be life while there is water and air.
(只要有空氣和水,就有生命。)
例8 “________ my feet remain standing above the water level, there is hope...” said the captain.
A. Where B. Even if C. While D. Although
解析【C】因為while有“只要”之意,與as long as相當。又如:While there is life, there is hope. 只要有生命,就會有希望。B和D選項引導讓步狀語從句,放在這里均不符合題意。
五、while從句的省略
當while從句中的主語與主句的主語一致, 或者從句的主語為it時,且含有be的某種形式時, 則從句中的主語連同be可同時省略。while后可直接跟現在分詞、名詞、形容詞或介詞短語。
六、while可用作名詞, 意為“一會兒,一段時間。”
作名詞用時,主要用于短語中: after a while “過了一會兒”; all the while “一直,始終”;a short / little while ago “剛才” ; once in a while “偶爾,間或”; wait / rest(for) a while “休息一會兒”。
I haven't seen her for a long while.我好久沒有看見她了。
Where have you been all this while? 這一陣子你到哪去了?
He usually goes to work by bike, but once in a while he goes by bus.
他通常騎自行車上班,但偶爾也乘公共汽車。