林保國等
摘要:采用可變世界單產法計算了2007~2011年鳳陽縣的生態足跡,得出人均生態盈余由2007年的1412hm2下降到2011年的1263hm2,說明了近年來鳳陽縣人口對自然資源的消費量逐年增加,生態足跡與生態承載力之間的矛盾加劇。根據鳳陽縣礦產資源總體規劃實施內容,規劃末期2015年人均生態足跡為0960hm2/人,生態承載力為2013hm2/人,生態盈余為1053hm2/人,評價區域仍有一定的生態承載力,說明規劃區在規劃的指導下有序、合理的開發,生態承載力能滿足鳳陽縣礦產資源規劃方案的實施。
關鍵詞:生態足跡;生態承載力;礦產資源;鳳陽縣
1引言
生態足跡理論是加拿大生態經濟學家EWilliam及其博士生MWackernagel于20世紀90年代初首先提出并完善的一種可持續發展的生物物理評價方法。該方法從一個全新的角度考慮人類及其發展與生態環境的關系,提供了一個核算全球、國家、地區以及個人對自然資本利用狀況的簡明框架,通過測算人類對自然生態服務的需求與自然所能夠提供的生態服務之間的差距,評價人類對自然資源的利用情況,從而較準確地判定評價對象的可持續發展程度和狀況[1]。
以Wackernagel 為代表的“加拿大生態足跡小組”,首先應用生態足跡分析法在全球、國家和城市(區域)3個層面上進行了較為成功的相關分析[2~5]。1999年生態足跡的概念被引入國內,區域生態足跡研究的實踐成果最早見于2000年,國內多名學者分別對生態足跡從理論、方法、計算模型及其應用方面進行了評價。2004年,生態足跡分析法陸續被引入環境影響評價領域。如劉海濤等(2004年)基于能值生態足跡模型研究了內蒙古自治區生態承載力;陳述文等(2007年)以重慶市為例將生態足跡法的應用在土地規劃環境影響評價中;陳秋林等以湖南常德市鼎城區1998年和2006年統計年鑒的數據為依據,計算分析了鼎城區規劃實施期間1997年和2005年的生態足跡;林揚碧(2009年)分類生態足跡在區域環境影響評價中的研究與應用。
本文利用資源生產與消費數據對鳳陽縣2007~2011年生態足跡進行了計算分析,將礦產資源開發利用的動態特征融入到生態足跡模型中,根據鳳陽縣礦產資源總體規劃實施內容,計算2015年礦區的生態足跡和承載力,為鳳陽縣礦產資源開發利用的可持續發展提供定量的決策參考依據。
4結論與建議
(1)鳳陽縣2007~2011年的生態足跡進行計算結果表明,人均生態足跡不斷增加,而人均生態承載力呈反方向發展趨勢,導致生態盈余不斷減少。考慮到未來礦產資源的不斷開采、人口增長及人們生活水平的提高,以往粗放式的礦產資源開采方式使這種不可持續狀態將還會加劇。
(2)根據鳳陽縣礦產資源總體規劃實施內容,規劃末期2015年人均生態足跡為0960hm2/人,生態承載力為2013hm2/人,生態盈余為1053hm2/人,評價區域仍有一定的生態承載力,規劃區在規劃的指導下有序、合理的開發,生態承載力能滿足鳳陽縣礦產資源規劃方案的實施。
(3)本次研究以鳳陽縣礦產資源規劃生態承載力分析為例,研究區域較小,部分數據獲得較難,且計算中選取的均衡因子和產量因子采用的是全國平均數值,還缺少對當地實際的不同類型生物生產性土地產量調整系數,因此,還需要針對當地具體情況開展基礎研究工作,才能使生態足跡供給模型更有效、更科學地應用到生態承載能力評價當中。
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[10] 滁州市統計局滁州統計年鑒(2008~2012)[R]滁州:滁州市統計局,2012
Abstract:Ecological footprint is an important indicator to analyze the sustainable use of natural resourcesThis article calculates the ecological footprint of Fengyang County from 2007 to 2011 by adopting variable world yield methodThe results show that the ecological surplus per capita has decreased from 1412 hm2 of2007 to 1263 hm2 of2011,which is highly possibly resulted from gradually increased natural resource development in the past few yearsIt shows the conflicts between ecological footprint and ecological capacity are going upAccording to mineral resource development plan of Fengyang County,in the year of 2015,theecological footprint per capitawill reach0960 hm2,the ecological capacity per capitawill reach2013 hm2 and ecological surplus per capita willreach1053 hm2It indicates that the ecological capacity can fulfill the implementation of mineral resource development plan of Fengyang County if the development is under scientific and reasonable indication
Key words:ecological footprint;ecological capacity;mineral resources;Fengyang Countyendprint
[9] Hardip,Barg S,Hodge TMeasuring sustainable development:Review of current practice[R]Occasional paper number 17,1997
[10] 滁州市統計局滁州統計年鑒(2008~2012)[R]滁州:滁州市統計局,2012
Abstract:Ecological footprint is an important indicator to analyze the sustainable use of natural resourcesThis article calculates the ecological footprint of Fengyang County from 2007 to 2011 by adopting variable world yield methodThe results show that the ecological surplus per capita has decreased from 1412 hm2 of2007 to 1263 hm2 of2011,which is highly possibly resulted from gradually increased natural resource development in the past few yearsIt shows the conflicts between ecological footprint and ecological capacity are going upAccording to mineral resource development plan of Fengyang County,in the year of 2015,theecological footprint per capitawill reach0960 hm2,the ecological capacity per capitawill reach2013 hm2 and ecological surplus per capita willreach1053 hm2It indicates that the ecological capacity can fulfill the implementation of mineral resource development plan of Fengyang County if the development is under scientific and reasonable indication
Key words:ecological footprint;ecological capacity;mineral resources;Fengyang Countyendprint
[9] Hardip,Barg S,Hodge TMeasuring sustainable development:Review of current practice[R]Occasional paper number 17,1997
[10] 滁州市統計局滁州統計年鑒(2008~2012)[R]滁州:滁州市統計局,2012
Abstract:Ecological footprint is an important indicator to analyze the sustainable use of natural resourcesThis article calculates the ecological footprint of Fengyang County from 2007 to 2011 by adopting variable world yield methodThe results show that the ecological surplus per capita has decreased from 1412 hm2 of2007 to 1263 hm2 of2011,which is highly possibly resulted from gradually increased natural resource development in the past few yearsIt shows the conflicts between ecological footprint and ecological capacity are going upAccording to mineral resource development plan of Fengyang County,in the year of 2015,theecological footprint per capitawill reach0960 hm2,the ecological capacity per capitawill reach2013 hm2 and ecological surplus per capita willreach1053 hm2It indicates that the ecological capacity can fulfill the implementation of mineral resource development plan of Fengyang County if the development is under scientific and reasonable indication
Key words:ecological footprint;ecological capacity;mineral resources;Fengyang Countyendprint