雒磊+周勁松+李卓
摘要: 針對(duì)城市軌道交通振動(dòng)噪聲問(wèn)題突顯、制造平穩(wěn)低噪的城市軌道列車(chē)的需求較大的問(wèn)題,研究70%低地板輕軌車(chē)車(chē)內(nèi)噪聲.建立無(wú)內(nèi)裝70%低地板輕軌車(chē)體有限元模型及其聲學(xué)計(jì)算模型;以車(chē)體板件頻率響應(yīng)的位移振動(dòng)結(jié)果作為聲學(xué)激勵(lì),在車(chē)內(nèi)布置ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)場(chǎng)點(diǎn),獲得車(chē)內(nèi)噪聲分析結(jié)果.將聲壓峰值處的頻率作為目標(biāo)頻率,分析該頻率處各低場(chǎng)點(diǎn)的板件貢獻(xiàn)量,并確定目標(biāo)板件;針對(duì)目標(biāo)板件的振動(dòng),制定簡(jiǎn)便易行的降噪優(yōu)化方案;對(duì)比降噪前后的車(chē)內(nèi)聲壓值,歸納出一套可行的無(wú)內(nèi)裝70%低地板輕軌車(chē)體降噪方法.
關(guān)鍵詞: 輕軌車(chē); 70%低地板; 板件; 振動(dòng); 噪聲; 優(yōu)化; 有限元
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào): U270.2;TB115.1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: B
Abstract: As to the serious vibration noise problems of urban rail traffic, which leads to the great manufacture requirement for the stable and lownoise urban rail train, the interior noise of a 70% lowfloor light rail vehicle is studied. The finite element model and acoustic model of 70% lowfloor light rail vehicle body without interior decoration are built. Taking the vibration displacement of frequency response of vehicle body plate as acoustic excitation,the interior noise is analyzed by arranging ISO standard field points in the vehicle. The frequency at the peak values of sound pressure is taken as the target frequency, the plate contribution at the low field points around the frequency is analyzed, and the target plate is determined. As to the vibration of the target plate, a simple and feasible optimization scheme for noise reduction is developed. According to the comparison of interior sound pressure before and after noise reduction, a feasible noise reduction method is summarized for the 70% lowfloor light rail vehicle body without interior decoration.
Key words: light rail vehicle; 70% lowfloor; plate; vibration; noise; optimization; finite element
0引言
隨著城市軌道交通的飛速發(fā)展,軌道車(chē)輛本身所暴露的振動(dòng)噪聲問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)峻,加之基于精益化生產(chǎn)的初衷,各大軌道車(chē)輛廠商開(kāi)始進(jìn)行車(chē)體輕量化的研究.軌道車(chē)輛輕量化趨勢(shì)愈演愈烈,輕量化帶來(lái)的振動(dòng)噪聲問(wèn)題逐漸突顯.[13]因此,研究軌道車(chē)輛的振動(dòng)噪聲問(wèn)題顯得尤為迫切,其直接關(guān)系到列車(chē)整車(chē)舒適性和軌道車(chē)輛市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力.[34]
本文針對(duì)無(wú)內(nèi)裝的70%低地板輕軌車(chē)的聲固耦合進(jìn)行研究[5],根據(jù)車(chē)體CAD圖紙,建立車(chē)體三維實(shí)體模型,通過(guò)有限元軟件和聲學(xué)仿真軟件對(duì)其進(jìn)行噪聲分析,提出簡(jiǎn)便易行的降噪措施.
1有限元模型
1.170%低地板輕軌車(chē)有限元建模
70%低地板輕軌車(chē)車(chē)體間的鉸接方式見(jiàn)圖1.在車(chē)體的下端梁處安裝有固定鉸作為鉸接車(chē)體的下鉸;在車(chē)體的上端梁處,安裝有轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)鉸或自由鉸作為鉸接車(chē)體的上鉸.用梁?jiǎn)卧M鉸接,并釋放相應(yīng)的自由度,使A與B之間有搖頭自由度,B與C之間有點(diǎn)頭自由度.某70%低地板輕軌車(chē)車(chē)體有限元模型見(jiàn)圖2,A為動(dòng)車(chē)和B為拖車(chē).
4結(jié)論
(1)車(chē)內(nèi)某點(diǎn)聲壓在頻域上分布極不均勻,普遍存在幾個(gè)較大的峰值,該點(diǎn)的總聲壓級(jí)由這幾個(gè)聲壓峰值決定.對(duì)車(chē)內(nèi)噪聲進(jìn)行優(yōu)化時(shí)可將聲壓峰值處的頻率作為目標(biāo)頻率.
(2)在峰值頻率處,相對(duì)于不同的參考點(diǎn),各個(gè)板件的貢獻(xiàn)量不同.要對(duì)車(chē)體進(jìn)行降噪優(yōu)化,必須針對(duì)降噪的目標(biāo)板件進(jìn)行細(xì)致的遴選.選取目標(biāo)板件時(shí)應(yīng)取對(duì)各點(diǎn)聲壓正貢獻(xiàn)量較大、對(duì)其他峰值頻率處聲壓負(fù)貢獻(xiàn)量絕對(duì)值較小的板件.
(3)本文對(duì)無(wú)內(nèi)裝建模的70%低地板輕軌車(chē)進(jìn)行噪聲源分析和車(chē)體降噪優(yōu)化,提出簡(jiǎn)便易行的降噪措施,對(duì)比降噪前后的車(chē)內(nèi)聲壓大小,歸納出一套切實(shí)可行的降噪方法.
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]張曉排. 我國(guó)鐵路客車(chē)車(chē)內(nèi)降噪技術(shù)研究[D]. 大連: 大連鐵道學(xué)院, 2002.
[2]夏禾, 吳萱, 于大明. 城市軌道交通系統(tǒng)引起的環(huán)境振動(dòng)問(wèn)題[J]. 北方交通大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 1999, 23(4): 17.
[3]KOMPELLA M S. Variation of structuralacoustic characteristics of automotive vehicle[J]. Noise Contr Eng J, 1996, 44(2): 9399.
[4]NESFKE DJ. Vehicle interior acoustic design using finite element methods[J]. Int J Vehicle Des, 1995, 6(1): 2440.
[5]劉海波, 左言言, 周晉花, 等. 汽車(chē)乘坐室內(nèi)聲場(chǎng)的研究[J]. 噪聲與振動(dòng)控制, 2007, 27(2): 5961.
[6]葉武平, 彭輝, 靳曉雄. 利用有限元方法進(jìn)行汽車(chē)室內(nèi)噪聲預(yù)測(cè)的研究[J]. 同濟(jì)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào): 自然科學(xué)版, 2000, 28(3): 337341.
[7]石晨, 周勁松, 謝曉波. A型地鐵車(chē)內(nèi)噪聲分析和優(yōu)化[J]. 計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程, 2013, 22(3): 1418.
[8]惠巍, 劉更, 吳立言. 車(chē)內(nèi)噪聲預(yù)測(cè)與面板聲學(xué)貢獻(xiàn)度分析[J]. 噪聲與振動(dòng)控制, 2006, 26(5): 6266.
[9]黃捷, 崔宏飛, 殷學(xué)文. 城市軌道車(chē)輛車(chē)內(nèi)噪聲特性研究[J]. 噪聲與振動(dòng)控制, 2010, 30(2): 6265.
摘要: 針對(duì)城市軌道交通振動(dòng)噪聲問(wèn)題突顯、制造平穩(wěn)低噪的城市軌道列車(chē)的需求較大的問(wèn)題,研究70%低地板輕軌車(chē)車(chē)內(nèi)噪聲.建立無(wú)內(nèi)裝70%低地板輕軌車(chē)體有限元模型及其聲學(xué)計(jì)算模型;以車(chē)體板件頻率響應(yīng)的位移振動(dòng)結(jié)果作為聲學(xué)激勵(lì),在車(chē)內(nèi)布置ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)場(chǎng)點(diǎn),獲得車(chē)內(nèi)噪聲分析結(jié)果.將聲壓峰值處的頻率作為目標(biāo)頻率,分析該頻率處各低場(chǎng)點(diǎn)的板件貢獻(xiàn)量,并確定目標(biāo)板件;針對(duì)目標(biāo)板件的振動(dòng),制定簡(jiǎn)便易行的降噪優(yōu)化方案;對(duì)比降噪前后的車(chē)內(nèi)聲壓值,歸納出一套可行的無(wú)內(nèi)裝70%低地板輕軌車(chē)體降噪方法.
關(guān)鍵詞: 輕軌車(chē); 70%低地板; 板件; 振動(dòng); 噪聲; 優(yōu)化; 有限元
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào): U270.2;TB115.1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: B
Abstract: As to the serious vibration noise problems of urban rail traffic, which leads to the great manufacture requirement for the stable and lownoise urban rail train, the interior noise of a 70% lowfloor light rail vehicle is studied. The finite element model and acoustic model of 70% lowfloor light rail vehicle body without interior decoration are built. Taking the vibration displacement of frequency response of vehicle body plate as acoustic excitation,the interior noise is analyzed by arranging ISO standard field points in the vehicle. The frequency at the peak values of sound pressure is taken as the target frequency, the plate contribution at the low field points around the frequency is analyzed, and the target plate is determined. As to the vibration of the target plate, a simple and feasible optimization scheme for noise reduction is developed. According to the comparison of interior sound pressure before and after noise reduction, a feasible noise reduction method is summarized for the 70% lowfloor light rail vehicle body without interior decoration.
Key words: light rail vehicle; 70% lowfloor; plate; vibration; noise; optimization; finite element
0引言
隨著城市軌道交通的飛速發(fā)展,軌道車(chē)輛本身所暴露的振動(dòng)噪聲問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)峻,加之基于精益化生產(chǎn)的初衷,各大軌道車(chē)輛廠商開(kāi)始進(jìn)行車(chē)體輕量化的研究.軌道車(chē)輛輕量化趨勢(shì)愈演愈烈,輕量化帶來(lái)的振動(dòng)噪聲問(wèn)題逐漸突顯.[13]因此,研究軌道車(chē)輛的振動(dòng)噪聲問(wèn)題顯得尤為迫切,其直接關(guān)系到列車(chē)整車(chē)舒適性和軌道車(chē)輛市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力.[34]
本文針對(duì)無(wú)內(nèi)裝的70%低地板輕軌車(chē)的聲固耦合進(jìn)行研究[5],根據(jù)車(chē)體CAD圖紙,建立車(chē)體三維實(shí)體模型,通過(guò)有限元軟件和聲學(xué)仿真軟件對(duì)其進(jìn)行噪聲分析,提出簡(jiǎn)便易行的降噪措施.
1有限元模型
1.170%低地板輕軌車(chē)有限元建模
70%低地板輕軌車(chē)車(chē)體間的鉸接方式見(jiàn)圖1.在車(chē)體的下端梁處安裝有固定鉸作為鉸接車(chē)體的下鉸;在車(chē)體的上端梁處,安裝有轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)鉸或自由鉸作為鉸接車(chē)體的上鉸.用梁?jiǎn)卧M鉸接,并釋放相應(yīng)的自由度,使A與B之間有搖頭自由度,B與C之間有點(diǎn)頭自由度.某70%低地板輕軌車(chē)車(chē)體有限元模型見(jiàn)圖2,A為動(dòng)車(chē)和B為拖車(chē).
4結(jié)論
(1)車(chē)內(nèi)某點(diǎn)聲壓在頻域上分布極不均勻,普遍存在幾個(gè)較大的峰值,該點(diǎn)的總聲壓級(jí)由這幾個(gè)聲壓峰值決定.對(duì)車(chē)內(nèi)噪聲進(jìn)行優(yōu)化時(shí)可將聲壓峰值處的頻率作為目標(biāo)頻率.
(2)在峰值頻率處,相對(duì)于不同的參考點(diǎn),各個(gè)板件的貢獻(xiàn)量不同.要對(duì)車(chē)體進(jìn)行降噪優(yōu)化,必須針對(duì)降噪的目標(biāo)板件進(jìn)行細(xì)致的遴選.選取目標(biāo)板件時(shí)應(yīng)取對(duì)各點(diǎn)聲壓正貢獻(xiàn)量較大、對(duì)其他峰值頻率處聲壓負(fù)貢獻(xiàn)量絕對(duì)值較小的板件.
(3)本文對(duì)無(wú)內(nèi)裝建模的70%低地板輕軌車(chē)進(jìn)行噪聲源分析和車(chē)體降噪優(yōu)化,提出簡(jiǎn)便易行的降噪措施,對(duì)比降噪前后的車(chē)內(nèi)聲壓大小,歸納出一套切實(shí)可行的降噪方法.
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]張曉排. 我國(guó)鐵路客車(chē)車(chē)內(nèi)降噪技術(shù)研究[D]. 大連: 大連鐵道學(xué)院, 2002.
[2]夏禾, 吳萱, 于大明. 城市軌道交通系統(tǒng)引起的環(huán)境振動(dòng)問(wèn)題[J]. 北方交通大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 1999, 23(4): 17.
[3]KOMPELLA M S. Variation of structuralacoustic characteristics of automotive vehicle[J]. Noise Contr Eng J, 1996, 44(2): 9399.
[4]NESFKE DJ. Vehicle interior acoustic design using finite element methods[J]. Int J Vehicle Des, 1995, 6(1): 2440.
[5]劉海波, 左言言, 周晉花, 等. 汽車(chē)乘坐室內(nèi)聲場(chǎng)的研究[J]. 噪聲與振動(dòng)控制, 2007, 27(2): 5961.
[6]葉武平, 彭輝, 靳曉雄. 利用有限元方法進(jìn)行汽車(chē)室內(nèi)噪聲預(yù)測(cè)的研究[J]. 同濟(jì)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào): 自然科學(xué)版, 2000, 28(3): 337341.
[7]石晨, 周勁松, 謝曉波. A型地鐵車(chē)內(nèi)噪聲分析和優(yōu)化[J]. 計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程, 2013, 22(3): 1418.
[8]惠巍, 劉更, 吳立言. 車(chē)內(nèi)噪聲預(yù)測(cè)與面板聲學(xué)貢獻(xiàn)度分析[J]. 噪聲與振動(dòng)控制, 2006, 26(5): 6266.
[9]黃捷, 崔宏飛, 殷學(xué)文. 城市軌道車(chē)輛車(chē)內(nèi)噪聲特性研究[J]. 噪聲與振動(dòng)控制, 2010, 30(2): 6265.
摘要: 針對(duì)城市軌道交通振動(dòng)噪聲問(wèn)題突顯、制造平穩(wěn)低噪的城市軌道列車(chē)的需求較大的問(wèn)題,研究70%低地板輕軌車(chē)車(chē)內(nèi)噪聲.建立無(wú)內(nèi)裝70%低地板輕軌車(chē)體有限元模型及其聲學(xué)計(jì)算模型;以車(chē)體板件頻率響應(yīng)的位移振動(dòng)結(jié)果作為聲學(xué)激勵(lì),在車(chē)內(nèi)布置ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)場(chǎng)點(diǎn),獲得車(chē)內(nèi)噪聲分析結(jié)果.將聲壓峰值處的頻率作為目標(biāo)頻率,分析該頻率處各低場(chǎng)點(diǎn)的板件貢獻(xiàn)量,并確定目標(biāo)板件;針對(duì)目標(biāo)板件的振動(dòng),制定簡(jiǎn)便易行的降噪優(yōu)化方案;對(duì)比降噪前后的車(chē)內(nèi)聲壓值,歸納出一套可行的無(wú)內(nèi)裝70%低地板輕軌車(chē)體降噪方法.
關(guān)鍵詞: 輕軌車(chē); 70%低地板; 板件; 振動(dòng); 噪聲; 優(yōu)化; 有限元
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào): U270.2;TB115.1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: B
Abstract: As to the serious vibration noise problems of urban rail traffic, which leads to the great manufacture requirement for the stable and lownoise urban rail train, the interior noise of a 70% lowfloor light rail vehicle is studied. The finite element model and acoustic model of 70% lowfloor light rail vehicle body without interior decoration are built. Taking the vibration displacement of frequency response of vehicle body plate as acoustic excitation,the interior noise is analyzed by arranging ISO standard field points in the vehicle. The frequency at the peak values of sound pressure is taken as the target frequency, the plate contribution at the low field points around the frequency is analyzed, and the target plate is determined. As to the vibration of the target plate, a simple and feasible optimization scheme for noise reduction is developed. According to the comparison of interior sound pressure before and after noise reduction, a feasible noise reduction method is summarized for the 70% lowfloor light rail vehicle body without interior decoration.
Key words: light rail vehicle; 70% lowfloor; plate; vibration; noise; optimization; finite element
0引言
隨著城市軌道交通的飛速發(fā)展,軌道車(chē)輛本身所暴露的振動(dòng)噪聲問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)峻,加之基于精益化生產(chǎn)的初衷,各大軌道車(chē)輛廠商開(kāi)始進(jìn)行車(chē)體輕量化的研究.軌道車(chē)輛輕量化趨勢(shì)愈演愈烈,輕量化帶來(lái)的振動(dòng)噪聲問(wèn)題逐漸突顯.[13]因此,研究軌道車(chē)輛的振動(dòng)噪聲問(wèn)題顯得尤為迫切,其直接關(guān)系到列車(chē)整車(chē)舒適性和軌道車(chē)輛市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力.[34]
本文針對(duì)無(wú)內(nèi)裝的70%低地板輕軌車(chē)的聲固耦合進(jìn)行研究[5],根據(jù)車(chē)體CAD圖紙,建立車(chē)體三維實(shí)體模型,通過(guò)有限元軟件和聲學(xué)仿真軟件對(duì)其進(jìn)行噪聲分析,提出簡(jiǎn)便易行的降噪措施.
1有限元模型
1.170%低地板輕軌車(chē)有限元建模
70%低地板輕軌車(chē)車(chē)體間的鉸接方式見(jiàn)圖1.在車(chē)體的下端梁處安裝有固定鉸作為鉸接車(chē)體的下鉸;在車(chē)體的上端梁處,安裝有轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)鉸或自由鉸作為鉸接車(chē)體的上鉸.用梁?jiǎn)卧M鉸接,并釋放相應(yīng)的自由度,使A與B之間有搖頭自由度,B與C之間有點(diǎn)頭自由度.某70%低地板輕軌車(chē)車(chē)體有限元模型見(jiàn)圖2,A為動(dòng)車(chē)和B為拖車(chē).
4結(jié)論
(1)車(chē)內(nèi)某點(diǎn)聲壓在頻域上分布極不均勻,普遍存在幾個(gè)較大的峰值,該點(diǎn)的總聲壓級(jí)由這幾個(gè)聲壓峰值決定.對(duì)車(chē)內(nèi)噪聲進(jìn)行優(yōu)化時(shí)可將聲壓峰值處的頻率作為目標(biāo)頻率.
(2)在峰值頻率處,相對(duì)于不同的參考點(diǎn),各個(gè)板件的貢獻(xiàn)量不同.要對(duì)車(chē)體進(jìn)行降噪優(yōu)化,必須針對(duì)降噪的目標(biāo)板件進(jìn)行細(xì)致的遴選.選取目標(biāo)板件時(shí)應(yīng)取對(duì)各點(diǎn)聲壓正貢獻(xiàn)量較大、對(duì)其他峰值頻率處聲壓負(fù)貢獻(xiàn)量絕對(duì)值較小的板件.
(3)本文對(duì)無(wú)內(nèi)裝建模的70%低地板輕軌車(chē)進(jìn)行噪聲源分析和車(chē)體降噪優(yōu)化,提出簡(jiǎn)便易行的降噪措施,對(duì)比降噪前后的車(chē)內(nèi)聲壓大小,歸納出一套切實(shí)可行的降噪方法.
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