With 的復合結構及其轉換

孫文經

人教版Module5 Unit1Great scientists Using Language 中有這樣一個句子：

He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽轉，只有月球仍然繞著地球轉。

句中with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth為with 復合結構，作方式狀語。由with構成的復合結構既能作狀語，表示方式、原因、時間、伴隨情況等，又能作后置定語。下面就with 的復合結構作一概述。

一、with復合結構的構成

With復合結構由“with+名詞/代詞+形容詞（副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞）”構成。如：

1. With her eyes green， Mary stared at the book held in Beths hands.瑪麗滿心嫉妒地盯著貝斯手中的書。（with+代詞+形容詞）

2. With both hands up， the student was eager to answer this question.這名學生急于回答這個問題，兩只手全都舉起來了。（with+名詞+副詞）

3. The teacher looked at me with tears in her eyes.老師看著我，眼里含著淚。（with+名詞+介詞短語）

4. She walked back to the bus stop， with him following her.她走回汽車站，他跟在她后面。（with+代詞+doing）

5. With him taken good care of， we felt quite relieved.他被照顧得很好，我們都感到很欣慰。（with+代詞+done）

6. I have to work really hard this weekend， with too many exams to worry about.我為這么多考試而擔憂，這個周末我真的要好好學習了。（with+名詞+to do）

二、with復合結構的語法功能

1. 作定語。

The lady bought the cap with red roses on its edge.女士買了邊緣有紅玫瑰的那頂帽子。

I saw deep pools with the water blue like the sky.我看見深深的池塘，里面的水藍藍的像天空。

The young man， with a thick dictionary in his hand， was standing in the teachers office.那位年輕人，手里拿著一本厚厚的字典，站在老師辦公室里。

2. 作狀語。

With a history dating back to 1894， the company has become “the elder brother” in this area.始創于1894年，這家公司已成為本地的“老大哥”。（表原因）

Id like to pay a visit to a friend of mine with time permitting.如果時間允許的話，我想去拜訪我的一位朋友。（表條件）

With Dick to take his place， he will be able to go abroad.迪克即將接替他的工作，他可以出國了。（表示原因）

With homework done， we went on to play on the playground.作業做好后，我們接下來到操場玩耍。（表示時間）

With on one in sight， she felt very helpless.一個人也看不見，她感到非常無助。（表示原因）

注：在with復合結構中，不定式一般表示將來要發生的事情，現在分詞一般表示與主句的謂語同時發生，是主動關系，而過去分詞則一般表示先于主句謂語動作的發生，是被動關系。此外，with+名詞/代詞+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語也大都表示與主句謂語同時發生。

三、with復合結構的轉換

在英語中，由with構成的復合結構大都可以轉換成狀語從句、定語從句或并列句。

1. 定語從句。

The young woman， with a baby sleeping in her arms， was wandering in the street.

= The young woman， who held a sleeping baby in her arms， was wandering in the street.

2. 狀語從句。

I couldnt do my homework with all that noise going on.

= I couldnt do my homework because all that noise was going on.

Dont speak with your mouth full.endprint

= Dont speak when your mouth is full.

3. 并列句。

All the afternoon he worked hard with the door locked.

= All the afternoon he worked hard and the door was locked.

With the weather so close and stuffy， ten to one it will rain.

= The weather is so close and stuffy and ten to one it will rain.

靈活運用

一、完成句子 用with的復合結構完成下列句子。

1. 競賽結束了，我們都回家了。

______________________________________ ， we all went home.

2. 燈全亮時，大樓顯得更美麗。

The building looks even more beautiful

_____________________________________________________________________ .

3. 他高昂著頭面對死亡。

He faced death_________________________________________ .

4. 許多人在教室前大聲說話，沒有人阻止他們。

Many people spoke aloud in front of our classroom，

_____________________________________________________________________.

5. 有黨的領導，我們一定能取得勝利。

Well certainly win even greater victories，

_____________________________________________________________________.

6. 天氣這么潮濕寒冷，十之八九快要下雪了。

_______________________________________________________________ ，one to ten it will snow soon.

7. 討論進行了二個小時，解決了許多問題。

The discussion lasted for two hours

_____________________________________________________________________.

8. 他沒關燈就睡著了。

He fell asleep_____________________________________________________________________ .

9. 有這么多工作要做，我們不得不熬夜了

_____________________________________________________________________， we had to sit up through the night.

10. 他過去常常開著窗睡。

He used to sleep________________________________________________________________ .

二、句式轉換 完成后句使其與前句意思相同或相近。

1. He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.

He felt more uneasy

.

2. The place was surrounded by clumps of trees， with a clear stream running alongside.

The place was surrounded by clumps of trees a clear stream ran alongside.

3. If everything is taken into consideration， the plan Tom put forward seems to be more workable.

，the plan Tom put forward seems to be more workable.

4. He lay on his back and his hands were crossed under his head.

He lay on his back，

.

5. Tom， whose nose was red with cold， entered the room.

Tom，

， entered the room.

參考答案

一、完成句子

1. With the competition over

2. with all lights on

3. with his head high

4. with nobody stopping them

5. with the Party to lead us

6. With the weather so wet and cold

7. with lots of problems solved

8. with the light burning/on

9. With so much work to do

10. with the window open

二、句式轉換

1. when the whole class was staring at him

2. and

3. With everything taken into consideration

4. with his hands crossed under his head

5. with his nose red with cold

（作者單位：廣州市南武中學）

責任編校 蔣小青endprint