陳育標
[摘要] 目的 探討分析食管癌患者適形放療方法與臨床治療效果。方法 對該院收治的60例食管癌患者行三維適形放射治療(A組),選取同期60例行常規放療的食管癌患者(B組),對比分析二組臨床治療效果。結果 A組患者甲級、乙級占比顯著高于B組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);A組1、2、3年的局部控制率分別為74.3%、63.1%與46.5%,生存率分別為68.0%、57.8%與45.1%,三年的局部控制率與生存率均顯著高于B組患者,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);兩組患者放療不良反應率對比,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。結論 對食管癌患者采用三維適形放射法進行治療,能有效提高患者的近期療效水平,提高局部控制率與生存率,產生的臨床效果顯著,值得臨床上進一步研究與推廣。
[關鍵詞] 食管癌;適形放療;臨床療效
[中圖分類號] R7 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-0742(2014)01(a)-0007-02
Analysis of the Clinical Curative Effect of Conformal Radiotherapy on 60 Cases of Oesophagus Cancer
CHEN Yubiao
Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, Guangdong Province, 522000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate and analyze the method of conformal radiotherapy for patients with oesophagus cancer and its clinical curative effect. Methods 60 cases of oesophagus cancer sufferers underwent three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in our hospital were selected as A set, and other 60 cases underwent conventional radiotherapy during the same period were selected as B set. The clinical treatment effect was compared and analyzed between two sets. Results The ratios of first grade and second grade in A set were higher than those in B set, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The partial control rate of A set in 1, 2 and 3 years was 74.3%, 63.1% and 46.5% respectively, the existence rate was 68.0%, 57.8% and 45.1% respectively. The partial control rates and existence rates of three years in A set were much higher than those in B set, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The adverse reactions between two sets of sufferers showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion For suffers of oesophagus cancer, three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy can effectively improve the short-term curative effect, partial control rate and existence rate with remarkable clinical effect, which is worthy of further study and promotion in clinical practice.
[Key words] Oesophagus cancer; Conformal radiotherapy; Clinical curative effect
揭陽市是我國食管癌高發區之一,目前,隨著人們生活飲食方式的變化以及環境的污染,食管癌的發病率逐年升高,對患者的身體健康水平產生嚴重影響[1]。有研究[2]顯示,采用三維適形放射治療方法可以顯著提高患者的局部控制率與生存率,臨床效果顯著。為探討分析食管癌患者適形放療方法與臨床治療效果,該院對2011年6月—2013年1月期間收治的食管癌患者,分組進行三維適形放射治療與常規放射治療,對比分析二者的臨床療效,取得較顯著的研究結果,現報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取該院收治的60例食管癌患者行三維適形放射治療,設為A組,同時選取同期60例行常規放療的食管癌患者,設為B組,兩組120例患者,男性與女性的例數分別為90例與30例,年齡范圍為41~79歲,平均年齡為(61.28±3.85)歲。該研究選取的對象均為首次進行放射治療患者病變狹窄程度為Ⅲ度以上,按照食管癌臨床分期標準,T1期10例,T2期20例,T3期15例,T4期15例;N0期28例,N1期22例,N2期10例;I期20例,Ⅱ期18例,Ⅲ期12例,Ⅳ期10例。食管癌病變位置于頸段10例、胸上段12例、胸中段23例、胸下段15例。所有病例均取得病理確診均為鱗癌,其中低分化32例、中分化16例、高分化2例。
1.2 方法
B組60例患者按照常規放射治療操作標準進行治療,A組60例患者行三維適形放射治療,具體方法如下。
經真空體模固定,使用GE Brightspeed 16排螺旋CT定位,從患者中頸開始直至肋膈角部位,每層厚度為5mm,模擬定位完成后,于重建的圖畫上勾勒出靶區,并畫出臨床靶體積(CTV)、計劃靶體積(PTV)、腫瘤體積(GTV)與腫瘤周圍部位的重要器官、結構。其中,GTV是CT顯示的區域腫大淋巴結和原發腫瘤以及食管造影顯示病變長度;CTV是GTV上下分別向外放2.0~3.0 cm,左右向外放0.5~0.8 cm;PTV是CTV均勻向外放0.5 cm。限定靶區處方劑量及周邊重要器官與組織的限量要求,處方劑量包括95%PTV,劑量≤45Gy,雙肺V20<30%。
1.3 指標觀察與療效評價
治療后1個月隨訪與記錄兩組患者的近期療效,不良反應情況以及1、2、3年的局部控制率、生存率。其中,近期療效評價方法按照萬鈞食管癌放療后近期療效評價標準[3]進行評定,結果分為甲級、乙級與丙級。
1.4 統計方法
所得的數據均采用SPSS17.0軟件進行統計學分析,組間率的差異對比采用χ2檢驗。
2 結果
2.1 兩組患者近期療效對比
A組患者甲級、乙級占比顯著高于B組,丙級占比顯著低于B組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05),見表1。
表1 兩組患者近期療效對表[n(%)]
注:A組*項數據與B組相比,*P<0.05,差異有統計學意義。
2.2 兩組患者局部控制率與生存率對比
A組1、2、3年的局部控制率分別為74.3%、63.1%與46.5%,生存率分別為68.0%、57.8%與45.1%,3年的局部控制率與生存率均顯著高于B組患者,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05),見表2。
表2 兩組患者局部控制率與生存率對比表(%)
注:A組*項數據與B組相比,*P<0.05,差異有統計學意義。
2.3 兩組患者治療不良反應對比
A組患者放療后放射性食管炎、氣管炎等不良反應率與B組相比,雖然略有上升,但對比差異無統計學意義(P>0.05),見表3。
表3 兩組患者治療不良反應對比表[n(%)]
注:A組*項數據與B組相比,*P>0.05,差異無統計學意義。
3 討論
對食管癌患者進行放射治療后的效果往往不理想,據有關研究[4]統計,采用放射治療后患者5年的生存率僅為10.0%左右。導致放射治療失敗的因素主要是由于患者的原發腫瘤出現殘存[5],治療不徹底,發生率高達75%~96%,此外,患者的組織不均勻、常規放射治療模擬定位困難[6]、放射耐受性有限、治療體位不精確、腫瘤靶區的照射劑量把握不準確[7]等因素,亦在不同程度上,導致放射治療效果不顯著,尤其是對于劑量把握不準確時,若增加放射劑量,容易導致正常組織受到更多的損傷,嚴重影響了患者的生存質量,死亡率居高不下。而目前隨著放射物理的發展,臨床上采用的三維適形放射法,能夠有效保護患者腫瘤周圍的正常組織,更準確地把握了靶區處方劑量[8],通過模擬定位,并于重建的圖畫上勾勒出靶區,進行科學的放射治療計劃的設計,顯著提高了患者的局部控制,在Singh AK等[9]人的研究中,發現采用三維適形放射法治療食管癌患者,與常規放射治療法相比,近3年的生存率與局部控制率,均有明顯的上升(P<0.05),在該文研究結果中,A組1、2、3年的局部控制率分別為74.3%、63.1%與46.5%,生存率分別為68.0%、57.8%與45.1%,3年的局部控制率與生存率均顯著高于B組患者,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05),與其報道相符[10]。
在該次三維適形放療過程中,畫出臨床靶體積、計劃靶體積、腫瘤體積與腫瘤周圍部位的重要器官,這些均有利于合理把握照射劑量,在該組資料研究結果中顯示,A組患者甲級、乙級占比顯著高于B組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05),與相關報道[11]相符合,這說明,采用三維適形放射法可以提高患者臨床療效水平;而A組患者放療后放射性食管炎、氣管炎等不良反應率與B組相比,雖然略有上升,但對比差異無統計學意義(P>0.05),其中,導致放射性食管炎、氣管炎等不良反應率上升的因素可能與三維適形放射法的照射劑量有關,值得進一步取證分析,但總體上看,三維適形放射法不會顯著增加治療不良反應的風險,這一點在林曉丹等[12]人的研究中亦做出說明,在一定程度上支持了該文研究結論。
綜上所述,對食管癌患者采用三維適形放射法進行治療,能有效提高患者的近期療效水平,提高局部控制率與生存率,不會顯著增加治療不良反應的風險,產生的臨床效果顯著,值得臨床上進一步研究與推廣。
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[12] 林曉丹,石興源,周同沖,等.調強或三維適形放療聯合TP方案化療治療局部中晚期食管癌的臨床研究[J].南方醫科大學學報,2011,31(7):1264-1267.
(收稿日期:2013-11-10)
[6] Kole TP, Aghayere O, Kwah J, et al.Comparison of heart and coronary artery doses associated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for distal esophageal cancer[J].International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics,2012,83(5):1580-1586.
[7] Yamaguchi S, Ohguri T,Imada H, et al.Multimodal approaches including three-dimensional conformal re-irradiation for recurrent or persistent esophageal cancer: Preliminary results[J].Journal of Radiation Research,2011,52(6):812-820.
[8] Huang SH,Lockwood G,Brierley J, et al.Effect of concurrent high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy and conformal radiotherapy on cervical esophageal cancer survival[J].International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics,2008,71(3):735-740.
[9] Singh AK,Lockett MA,Bradley JD,et al.Predictors of radiation-induced esophageal toxicity in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy[J].International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics,2003,55(2):337-341.
[10] AR and omized Controlled Trial of Conventional Fraction and Late Course Accelerated Hyperfraction Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer[J].Cell biochemistry and biophysics,2012,62(1):107-112.
[11] Fakhrian K,Heilmann J,Schuster T, et al.Primary radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in non-metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective study[J].Diseases of the esophagus,2012,25(3):256-262.
[12] 林曉丹,石興源,周同沖,等.調強或三維適形放療聯合TP方案化療治療局部中晚期食管癌的臨床研究[J].南方醫科大學學報,2011,31(7):1264-1267.
(收稿日期:2013-11-10)
[6] Kole TP, Aghayere O, Kwah J, et al.Comparison of heart and coronary artery doses associated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for distal esophageal cancer[J].International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics,2012,83(5):1580-1586.
[7] Yamaguchi S, Ohguri T,Imada H, et al.Multimodal approaches including three-dimensional conformal re-irradiation for recurrent or persistent esophageal cancer: Preliminary results[J].Journal of Radiation Research,2011,52(6):812-820.
[8] Huang SH,Lockwood G,Brierley J, et al.Effect of concurrent high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy and conformal radiotherapy on cervical esophageal cancer survival[J].International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics,2008,71(3):735-740.
[9] Singh AK,Lockett MA,Bradley JD,et al.Predictors of radiation-induced esophageal toxicity in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy[J].International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics,2003,55(2):337-341.
[10] AR and omized Controlled Trial of Conventional Fraction and Late Course Accelerated Hyperfraction Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer[J].Cell biochemistry and biophysics,2012,62(1):107-112.
[11] Fakhrian K,Heilmann J,Schuster T, et al.Primary radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in non-metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective study[J].Diseases of the esophagus,2012,25(3):256-262.
[12] 林曉丹,石興源,周同沖,等.調強或三維適形放療聯合TP方案化療治療局部中晚期食管癌的臨床研究[J].南方醫科大學學報,2011,31(7):1264-1267.
(收稿日期:2013-11-10)