張等偉
摘 要 數據非依賴性采集(DIA)是隨著定量蛋白質組學而建立的質譜掃描技術。DIA能夠獲得掃描范圍內所有母離子及二級子離子信息,不會造成低豐度離子信息的丟失,同時突破了高分辨質譜二級定量的通量限制。本研究基于靜電場軌道阱QqITOT三合一質譜,發展了經典DIA方法以及WiSIMDIA和Full MSDIA兩種全新DIA方法,并對Hela細胞全蛋白中添加的10條低濃度肽段進行定量分析,考察方法的線性、重現性和靈敏度。結果表明,3種方法的定量限均低至amol (14~435 amol),并展示出良好的線性和定性確證可靠性。其中,WiSIMDIA基于超高分辨一級監測定量,與經典DIA優勢互補;Full MSDIA的選擇窗口僅3 amu,能夠直接進行搜庫鑒定,實現了數據依賴性采集(DDA)和DIA的統一,擺脫了DIA依賴于DDA建立譜圖庫的局限性。
1 引 言
數據依賴性采集(Data dependent acquisition, DDA)是串聯質譜非目標化合物分析的主要手段。蛋白質組學的經典策略鳥槍法(Shotgun)即基于DDA發展而來,利用一級全掃描檢測肽段母離子,然后按信號強度排列,將前若干位的母離子依次選擇、碎裂,并掃描二級碎片離子。同時,動態排除、價態排除、中性丟失/診斷離子觸發等技術,使DDA盡可能多地采集有效肽段譜圖,實現鑒定結果最大化[1]。基于鳥槍法,蛋白質組學已經實現酵母蛋白質組接近完全覆蓋,人類蛋白質組也已達到50%以上的基因組覆蓋和7個數量級的動態范圍[2,3]。然而,DDA的局限性也逐漸顯現:(1) 先強后弱的采集方式易造成低豐度肽段信息丟失;(2) 母離子選擇有一定的隨機性,造成重現性不佳;(3) 每個循環獲得的譜圖數量不一,造成掃描點數不均勻,影響定量分析準確性。
目標蛋白質組學針對目標蛋白/肽段離子實時監測和采集,避免了DDA的信息丟失和重現性問題。主要采集方法包括選擇離子監測(Selected ion monitoring, SIM)、基于三重四極桿的選擇反應監測(Selected reaction monitoring, SRM)和基于高分辨質譜的平行反應監測(Parallel reaction monitoring, PRM),是目標蛋白驗證和絕對定量的有效手段[4,5]。但是目標性的采集方法需要指定目標肽段,對于未知肽段無法采集;通量限制也使得一次實驗只能監測數量有限肽段或離子對,難以滿足大規模蛋白分析的需要。
數據非依賴性采集(Data independent acquisition, DIA)使用25 amu或更大間隔將整個質量范圍等分為若干窗口,每個窗口依次選擇、碎裂、掃描。DIA能夠獲得質量范圍內所有母離子的全部碎片離子信息,通量無上限,循環時間固定,同時數據可以回溯,有效解決了DDA和目標采集方法存在的問題[6]。目前,已發展了多種基于飛行時間(QTOF)、靜電場軌道阱(Orbitrap)和離子阱的DIA方法[7]。Gillet等使用32個連續的25 amu窗口,基于QTOF (TripleTOF 5600)發展了SWATH技術,并證明該技術的定量能力與SRM相當[8]。Egertson等利用QOrbitrap (Q Exactive)獨有的多重掃描功能(Multiplexing, MSX)發展了MSXDIA技術,將選擇窗口縮小到4 amu,最大程度減少了共流出肽段和雜質的干擾[9]。
然而,傳統數據非依賴性采集仍存在諸多局限:(1) 由于掃描速度的限制,DIA難以使用超高分辨率掃描;(2) DIA的大窗口選擇引入較大干擾,雖然MSXDIA縮小了選擇窗口,但需要特定的算法解析數據,增加了工作量;(3) DIA依賴于DDA建立的譜圖庫進行匹配,實現定性確證和定量離子選擇,因此DDA鑒定不到的蛋白,DIA也無法分析。
本研究基于四極桿靜電場軌道阱線性離子阱(QOTqIT)三合一質譜,利用添加10條低濃度肽段的Hela樣本,發展并考察了3種數據非依賴性采集方法,包括經典的DIA、全新的寬窗口SIM掃描DIA (WiSIMDIA)和全掃描DIA (Full MSDIA),定量限均達到amol水平,線性、重現性良好。其中,WiSIMDIA和Full MSDIA基于24萬超高分辨率,利用一級精確質量數定量、二級離子阱定性確證,進一步縮小了選擇窗口,提高了檢測特異性。此外,FullMS DIA可以直接搜庫,實現了DDA與DIA的統一,蛋白鑒定數量與DDA相當,擺脫了譜圖庫的限制。基于QOTqIT的數據非依賴性采集方法靈活多樣、流程簡單有效,在目標蛋白質組學領域具有廣闊的應用前景。
2 實驗部分
2.1 儀器與試劑
Orbitrap Fusion三合一質譜儀、EASYnLC 1000納流超高效液相色譜(Thermo Fisher Scientific)。標準肽段由生工生物(上海)股份有限公司合成;乙腈、甲酸(Thermo Fisher Scientific);其它試劑均購自SigmaAldrich公司。
2.2 Hela細胞全蛋白酶解液制備
出良好的線性、重現性和靈敏度。3種方法的最低定量限均達到amol級,其中肽段GEEMEEMVQSAR
在DIA中最低定量限達14 amol,超越了常規SRM和PRM的定量水平。比較3種方法可以看出,DIA與WiSIMDIA結果差異不大,證明了基于高分辨的二級定量和基于超高分辨的一級定量選擇性相當,均能有效排除基質和共流出肽段的干擾,定量能力出色。兩種方法又各有特點,形成優勢互補:DIA通過四極桿和Orbitrap兩級篩選,能有效分析極復雜的樣品;WiSIMDIA使用母離子定量,避免了碎裂過程中的損失,在相對簡單的基質中靈敏度更高。
3.4 直接搜庫鑒定的考察與比較
由于選擇窗口過大,同時二級譜圖無法與一級母離子相關聯,傳統數據非依賴性采集無法直接搜庫,需要譜圖庫匹配才能進行定性確證,使DIA的應用受制于DDA。
Full MSDIA基于一級全掃描定量,母離子未經過前級質量分析器選擇,因此相比DIA和WiSIMDIA受到的干擾更大,靈敏度略低。但是,Full MSDIA將二級選擇窗口縮短到3 amu,與傳統DDA的選擇窗口相當,能夠作為低分辨數據,直接用于數據庫檢索(相當于母離子質量精度為±1.5 amu),擺脫了譜圖庫的限制,實現了DDA與DIA的統一。
圖4展示了肽段YLGYLEQLLR譜圖的直接搜庫結果。DDA通常以2 amu為選擇窗口,與Full MSDIA 3 amu選擇窗口相差不大。搜庫時,Full MSDIA一級質量精度以窗口寬度為限,即±1.5 amu,類似于低分辨質譜DDA數據的搜庫鑒定。結果顯示,Full MSDIA與DDA的二級譜圖高度相似,雖然Full MSDIA譜圖等同于低分辨數據,但鑒定結果沒有明顯差異,序列匹配完全一致。
4 結 論
基于靜電場軌道阱QqITOT質譜建立DIA、WiSIMDIA、Full MSDIA 3種數據非依賴性采集方法,并使用添加10條低濃度肽段的Hela細胞全蛋白樣本對方法進行考察。結果表明,3種方法的定量限均在14~435 amol范圍內,線性關系與重現性良好,定性確證可靠性高。其中,WiSIMDIA基于超高分辨SIM定量,與經典DIA二級定量具有一定的互補性;而Full MSDIA將二級選擇窗口縮短到3 amu,實現了DIA數據直接搜庫鑒定,共從100 ng Hela細胞全蛋白樣本鑒定到2835個非冗余蛋白,與DDA鑒定結果重合度高。基于QqITOT的創新數據非依賴性采集方法為定量蛋白質組學提供了全新視角與策略。
References
1 Kalli A, Smith G T, Sweredoski M J, Hess S. J. Proteome Res., 2013, 12(7): 3071-3086
2 Nagaraj N, Kulak N A, Cox J, Neuhauser N, Mayr K, Hoerning O, Vorm O, Mann M. Mol. Cell. Proteomics, 2012, 11(3): M111.013722
3 Geiger T, Wehner A, Schaab C, Cox J, Mann M. Mol. Cell. Proteomics, 2012, 11(3): M111.014050
4 Gallien S, Duriez E, Crone C, Kellmann M, Moehring T, Domon B. Mol. Cell. Proteomics, 2012, 11(12): 1709-1723
5 Gallien S, Duriez E, Demeure K, Domon B. J. Proteomics, 2013, 81: 148-158
6 Chapman J D, Goodlett D R, Masselon C D. Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2013: 10.1002/mas.21400
7 Law K P, Lim Y P. Expert Rev. Proteomics, 2013, 10(6): 551-566
8 Gillet L C, Navarro P, Tate S, Rost H, Selevsek N, Reiter L, Bonner R, Aebersold R. Mol. Cell. Proteomics, 2012, 11(6): O111.016717
9 Egertson J D, Kuehn A, Merrihew G E, Bateman N W, MacLean B X, Ting Y S, Canterbury J D, Marsh D M, Kellmann M, Zabrouskov V, Wu C C, MacCoss M J. Nat. Methods, 2013, 10(8): 744-746
10 Senko M W, Remes P M, Canterbury J D, Mathur R, Song Q, Eliuk S M, Mullen C, Earley L, Hardman M, Blethrow J D, Bui H, Specht A, Lange O, Denisov E, Makarov A, Horning S, Zabrouskov V. Anal. Chem., 2013, 85(24): 11710-11714
Quantification Analysis of Targeted Proteins in Complex
Sample by Novel Data Independent Acquisition
ZHANG Wei1, Reiko Kiyonami2, JIANG Zheng*1, CHEN Wei1
1(Thermo Fisher Scientific, Shanghai 201206, China)
2(Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA)
Abstract Data independent acquisition (DIA) is a novel MS scan mode for quantitative proteomics, acquiring all precursors as well as fragments without any loss of low abundant ions, and breaks the throughput limitation of product ion quantification by highresolution MS. Here we developed three DIA methods on quadrupolelinear ion trapOrbitrap (QqITOT) Tribrid MS, classic DIA, as well as novel wide isolation window SIM scan (WiSIM)DIA and full scanDIA (Full MSDIA). Quantitative analysis of 10 low abundant peptides spiked in Hela cell digest was performed by the three methods for linearity, reproducibility and sensitivity evaluation. The results showed that the LOQs reached amol level (14-435 amol) with good linearity and effective MS/MS confirmation. WiSIMDIA utilizes ultrahigh resolution SIM scan for quantification complementary with classic DIA. The isolation window of Full MSDIA was down to 3 amu, and the data could be directly used for database searching, thus realizing the integration of data dependent acquisition (DDA) and DIA, and avoiding the limitation of using spectra library.
Keywords Orbitrap; Data independent acquisition; Proteomics; Absolute quantification
(Received 24 April 2014; accepted 4 July 2014)
由于選擇窗口過大,同時二級譜圖無法與一級母離子相關聯,傳統數據非依賴性采集無法直接搜庫,需要譜圖庫匹配才能進行定性確證,使DIA的應用受制于DDA。
Full MSDIA基于一級全掃描定量,母離子未經過前級質量分析器選擇,因此相比DIA和WiSIMDIA受到的干擾更大,靈敏度略低。但是,Full MSDIA將二級選擇窗口縮短到3 amu,與傳統DDA的選擇窗口相當,能夠作為低分辨數據,直接用于數據庫檢索(相當于母離子質量精度為±1.5 amu),擺脫了譜圖庫的限制,實現了DDA與DIA的統一。
圖4展示了肽段YLGYLEQLLR譜圖的直接搜庫結果。DDA通常以2 amu為選擇窗口,與Full MSDIA 3 amu選擇窗口相差不大。搜庫時,Full MSDIA一級質量精度以窗口寬度為限,即±1.5 amu,類似于低分辨質譜DDA數據的搜庫鑒定。結果顯示,Full MSDIA與DDA的二級譜圖高度相似,雖然Full MSDIA譜圖等同于低分辨數據,但鑒定結果沒有明顯差異,序列匹配完全一致。
4 結 論
基于靜電場軌道阱QqITOT質譜建立DIA、WiSIMDIA、Full MSDIA 3種數據非依賴性采集方法,并使用添加10條低濃度肽段的Hela細胞全蛋白樣本對方法進行考察。結果表明,3種方法的定量限均在14~435 amol范圍內,線性關系與重現性良好,定性確證可靠性高。其中,WiSIMDIA基于超高分辨SIM定量,與經典DIA二級定量具有一定的互補性;而Full MSDIA將二級選擇窗口縮短到3 amu,實現了DIA數據直接搜庫鑒定,共從100 ng Hela細胞全蛋白樣本鑒定到2835個非冗余蛋白,與DDA鑒定結果重合度高。基于QqITOT的創新數據非依賴性采集方法為定量蛋白質組學提供了全新視角與策略。
References
1 Kalli A, Smith G T, Sweredoski M J, Hess S. J. Proteome Res., 2013, 12(7): 3071-3086
2 Nagaraj N, Kulak N A, Cox J, Neuhauser N, Mayr K, Hoerning O, Vorm O, Mann M. Mol. Cell. Proteomics, 2012, 11(3): M111.013722
3 Geiger T, Wehner A, Schaab C, Cox J, Mann M. Mol. Cell. Proteomics, 2012, 11(3): M111.014050
4 Gallien S, Duriez E, Crone C, Kellmann M, Moehring T, Domon B. Mol. Cell. Proteomics, 2012, 11(12): 1709-1723
5 Gallien S, Duriez E, Demeure K, Domon B. J. Proteomics, 2013, 81: 148-158
6 Chapman J D, Goodlett D R, Masselon C D. Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2013: 10.1002/mas.21400
7 Law K P, Lim Y P. Expert Rev. Proteomics, 2013, 10(6): 551-566
8 Gillet L C, Navarro P, Tate S, Rost H, Selevsek N, Reiter L, Bonner R, Aebersold R. Mol. Cell. Proteomics, 2012, 11(6): O111.016717
9 Egertson J D, Kuehn A, Merrihew G E, Bateman N W, MacLean B X, Ting Y S, Canterbury J D, Marsh D M, Kellmann M, Zabrouskov V, Wu C C, MacCoss M J. Nat. Methods, 2013, 10(8): 744-746
10 Senko M W, Remes P M, Canterbury J D, Mathur R, Song Q, Eliuk S M, Mullen C, Earley L, Hardman M, Blethrow J D, Bui H, Specht A, Lange O, Denisov E, Makarov A, Horning S, Zabrouskov V. Anal. Chem., 2013, 85(24): 11710-11714
Quantification Analysis of Targeted Proteins in Complex
Sample by Novel Data Independent Acquisition
ZHANG Wei1, Reiko Kiyonami2, JIANG Zheng*1, CHEN Wei1
1(Thermo Fisher Scientific, Shanghai 201206, China)
2(Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA)
Abstract Data independent acquisition (DIA) is a novel MS scan mode for quantitative proteomics, acquiring all precursors as well as fragments without any loss of low abundant ions, and breaks the throughput limitation of product ion quantification by highresolution MS. Here we developed three DIA methods on quadrupolelinear ion trapOrbitrap (QqITOT) Tribrid MS, classic DIA, as well as novel wide isolation window SIM scan (WiSIM)DIA and full scanDIA (Full MSDIA). Quantitative analysis of 10 low abundant peptides spiked in Hela cell digest was performed by the three methods for linearity, reproducibility and sensitivity evaluation. The results showed that the LOQs reached amol level (14-435 amol) with good linearity and effective MS/MS confirmation. WiSIMDIA utilizes ultrahigh resolution SIM scan for quantification complementary with classic DIA. The isolation window of Full MSDIA was down to 3 amu, and the data could be directly used for database searching, thus realizing the integration of data dependent acquisition (DDA) and DIA, and avoiding the limitation of using spectra library.
Keywords Orbitrap; Data independent acquisition; Proteomics; Absolute quantification
(Received 24 April 2014; accepted 4 July 2014)
由于選擇窗口過大,同時二級譜圖無法與一級母離子相關聯,傳統數據非依賴性采集無法直接搜庫,需要譜圖庫匹配才能進行定性確證,使DIA的應用受制于DDA。
Full MSDIA基于一級全掃描定量,母離子未經過前級質量分析器選擇,因此相比DIA和WiSIMDIA受到的干擾更大,靈敏度略低。但是,Full MSDIA將二級選擇窗口縮短到3 amu,與傳統DDA的選擇窗口相當,能夠作為低分辨數據,直接用于數據庫檢索(相當于母離子質量精度為±1.5 amu),擺脫了譜圖庫的限制,實現了DDA與DIA的統一。
圖4展示了肽段YLGYLEQLLR譜圖的直接搜庫結果。DDA通常以2 amu為選擇窗口,與Full MSDIA 3 amu選擇窗口相差不大。搜庫時,Full MSDIA一級質量精度以窗口寬度為限,即±1.5 amu,類似于低分辨質譜DDA數據的搜庫鑒定。結果顯示,Full MSDIA與DDA的二級譜圖高度相似,雖然Full MSDIA譜圖等同于低分辨數據,但鑒定結果沒有明顯差異,序列匹配完全一致。
4 結 論
基于靜電場軌道阱QqITOT質譜建立DIA、WiSIMDIA、Full MSDIA 3種數據非依賴性采集方法,并使用添加10條低濃度肽段的Hela細胞全蛋白樣本對方法進行考察。結果表明,3種方法的定量限均在14~435 amol范圍內,線性關系與重現性良好,定性確證可靠性高。其中,WiSIMDIA基于超高分辨SIM定量,與經典DIA二級定量具有一定的互補性;而Full MSDIA將二級選擇窗口縮短到3 amu,實現了DIA數據直接搜庫鑒定,共從100 ng Hela細胞全蛋白樣本鑒定到2835個非冗余蛋白,與DDA鑒定結果重合度高。基于QqITOT的創新數據非依賴性采集方法為定量蛋白質組學提供了全新視角與策略。
References
1 Kalli A, Smith G T, Sweredoski M J, Hess S. J. Proteome Res., 2013, 12(7): 3071-3086
2 Nagaraj N, Kulak N A, Cox J, Neuhauser N, Mayr K, Hoerning O, Vorm O, Mann M. Mol. Cell. Proteomics, 2012, 11(3): M111.013722
3 Geiger T, Wehner A, Schaab C, Cox J, Mann M. Mol. Cell. Proteomics, 2012, 11(3): M111.014050
4 Gallien S, Duriez E, Crone C, Kellmann M, Moehring T, Domon B. Mol. Cell. Proteomics, 2012, 11(12): 1709-1723
5 Gallien S, Duriez E, Demeure K, Domon B. J. Proteomics, 2013, 81: 148-158
6 Chapman J D, Goodlett D R, Masselon C D. Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2013: 10.1002/mas.21400
7 Law K P, Lim Y P. Expert Rev. Proteomics, 2013, 10(6): 551-566
8 Gillet L C, Navarro P, Tate S, Rost H, Selevsek N, Reiter L, Bonner R, Aebersold R. Mol. Cell. Proteomics, 2012, 11(6): O111.016717
9 Egertson J D, Kuehn A, Merrihew G E, Bateman N W, MacLean B X, Ting Y S, Canterbury J D, Marsh D M, Kellmann M, Zabrouskov V, Wu C C, MacCoss M J. Nat. Methods, 2013, 10(8): 744-746
10 Senko M W, Remes P M, Canterbury J D, Mathur R, Song Q, Eliuk S M, Mullen C, Earley L, Hardman M, Blethrow J D, Bui H, Specht A, Lange O, Denisov E, Makarov A, Horning S, Zabrouskov V. Anal. Chem., 2013, 85(24): 11710-11714
Quantification Analysis of Targeted Proteins in Complex
Sample by Novel Data Independent Acquisition
ZHANG Wei1, Reiko Kiyonami2, JIANG Zheng*1, CHEN Wei1
1(Thermo Fisher Scientific, Shanghai 201206, China)
2(Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA)
Abstract Data independent acquisition (DIA) is a novel MS scan mode for quantitative proteomics, acquiring all precursors as well as fragments without any loss of low abundant ions, and breaks the throughput limitation of product ion quantification by highresolution MS. Here we developed three DIA methods on quadrupolelinear ion trapOrbitrap (QqITOT) Tribrid MS, classic DIA, as well as novel wide isolation window SIM scan (WiSIM)DIA and full scanDIA (Full MSDIA). Quantitative analysis of 10 low abundant peptides spiked in Hela cell digest was performed by the three methods for linearity, reproducibility and sensitivity evaluation. The results showed that the LOQs reached amol level (14-435 amol) with good linearity and effective MS/MS confirmation. WiSIMDIA utilizes ultrahigh resolution SIM scan for quantification complementary with classic DIA. The isolation window of Full MSDIA was down to 3 amu, and the data could be directly used for database searching, thus realizing the integration of data dependent acquisition (DDA) and DIA, and avoiding the limitation of using spectra library.
Keywords Orbitrap; Data independent acquisition; Proteomics; Absolute quantification
(Received 24 April 2014; accepted 4 July 2014)