With 2015 heralding1) the 451st anniversary of Shakespeare's birth, celebrate the Bard2) at some of his old haunts3) and best play places.
2015年是莎士比亞誕辰451周年,到莎翁當年常去的一些地方和莎士比亞戲劇最佳演出地來紀念這位偉大的詩人吧。
It all started on Henley Street, Stratford-upon-Avon, in 1564. In a half-timbered4) wattle-and-daub5) house on a busy street in this Warwickshire town, William Shakespeare was brought into the world. The 16th-century house could hardly have foreseen its future stardom. Now, it's one of England's most famous dwellings, converted6) into a museum that recreates Will's7) world, complete with period8) furnishings9) and a Tudor10) herb11) garden. But really, the whole town is Shakespeare-upon-Avon: pay your respects at Anne Hathaway's comely12) cottage (former home of his wife), Mary Arden's House (home of his mum) and the RSC13) Theatre (home of his living literary legacy).
一切都開始于1564年埃文河畔斯特拉特福鎮的亨利街。在這個沃里克郡小鎮的一條繁華的大街上,有一棟四面都是抹灰籬笆墻的木架房,威廉·莎士比亞就出生于此。這棟16世紀的房子恐怕很難料到自己日后會成為名宅。如今作為英格蘭最著名的住宅之一,莎士比亞故居已被改建成一座博物館,配有那個時代的家什和一座都鐸式的香草園,可謂莎翁世界的再現。不過說真的,整個小鎮就是埃文河畔莎士比亞鎮:你可以在此瞻仰安妮·海瑟薇的雅致小屋(莎士比亞夫人的故居)、瑪麗·阿登的房屋(莎士比亞母親的故居)以及皇家莎士比亞劇院(莎士比亞不朽的文學遺產殿堂)。
Verona, Italy 意大利的維羅納市
\"But soft! What light through yonder window breaks?14)\" It is likely the flash of a thousand cameras! The balcony of Verona's Casa di Giulietta (Juliet's House) is not a secret spot. And though Shakespeare's teen-love tragedy was set in the city, it's rather doubtful that this humble 13th-century courtyard had anything to do with anyone who may have inspired Romeo and Juliet. But why let the truth get in the way of a good tourist attraction? Besides, with its enormous Roman amphitheatre15), red-brick Castelvecchio, cobbled16) old streets and twisting River Adige, the city exudes17) plenty of real romance.
“噓!那邊窗戶里亮起的是什么光?”估計是千百部照相機的閃光!朱麗葉故居位于維羅納市,那里的陽臺如今已不再是一處秘密之地。盡管莎士比亞將這出少年愛情悲劇的背景設于這座城市,但這個不起眼的13世紀院落是否與《羅密歐與朱麗葉》可能的人物原型存在關聯卻很值得懷疑。不過,何必要讓真相成為一個上好旅游景點的擋路石呢?再說,這里還有宏大的羅馬圓形露天大劇場,有紅磚砌成的老城堡,有鵝卵石鋪就的古老街道和蜿蜒曲折的阿迪杰河,處處都散發著真正的浪漫氣息。
1.herald [?her?ld] vt. 預告;預示……的來臨
2.bard [bɑ?d] n. 詩人。人們用the Bard、the Bard of Avon、the Immortal Bard來稱呼莎士比亞。
3.haunt [h??nt] n. 某人常去的地方
4.half-timbered: (舊式房屋)露明木架的
5.wattle-and-daub: 抹灰籬笆墻
6.convert [k?n?v??t] vt. 改造,改建(房屋等)
7.Will: 威廉·莎士比亞的昵稱,這里譯為“莎翁”。
8.period [?p??ri?d] adj. (服裝、家具、樂器)過去的,古代的,具有某個時代特征的
9.furnishings [?f??n????z] n. 布置;為(房間或建筑物)配備家具陳設
10.Tudor [?tju?d?(r)] adj. 英國都鐸王朝(1485~1603)時期的建筑式樣的
11.herb [h??b] n. (調味或藥用的)芳草;香草;藥草
12.comely [?k?mli] adj. (尤指女子)標致的,秀麗的
13.RSC: (= Royal Shakespeare Company)皇家莎士比亞劇團,是英國最具影響力的劇團之一,也是目前世界上規模最大、組織最健全、經費最足、演出水準最高的職業劇團之一。該劇團在莎士比亞戲劇演出的歷史及權威性也是舉世公認的。該劇團以埃文河畔斯特拉特福鎮為主要演出地點,也常在倫敦演出。
14.這句話是《羅密歐與朱麗葉》里的一句經典臺詞,全句為:But soft! What light through yonder window breaks? It is the east and Juliet is the sun! (噓!那邊窗戶里亮起的是什么光?哦,那是東方,朱麗葉就是太陽!)
15.amphitheatre [??mf?θ??t?(r)] n. (多建于古希臘、羅馬時期的)圓形露天大劇場
16.cobbled [?k?bld] adj. (街道)鋪著鵝卵石的
17.exude [?ɡ?zju?d] vt. 充分顯露
Helsing/r, Denmark 丹麥的赫爾辛格市
The first Kronberg Castle dates back to the 1420s, when it was erected18) on the eastern tip of Zealand to guard the narrow / resund Strait. Then, thanks to Frederik II's19) fancy renovations in the late 16th century, it became one of Europe's key Renaissance fortifications20). This reputation obviously travelled fast, for when penning Hamlet around 1600, Shakespeare placed his troubled prince right here. Now forever known as Elsinore, the castle has embraced its literary associations. Frequent productions of Hamlet are performed within Kronberg's walls, which over the years have seen Laurence Olivier, Derek Jacobi and Jude Law take on the role of the great Dane.
克倫堡宮首建于15世紀20年代,當時人們為了扼守狹窄的厄勒海峽,就在西蘭島的最東端建起了這座城堡。后來,多虧弗雷德里克二世在16世紀末對其進行了精心整修,這座城堡才成為歐洲文藝復興時期最重要的城堡之一。克倫堡宮的這一聲名顯然傳播迅速,因為莎士比亞于1600年前后創作《哈姆雷特》時,就把他筆下這位磨難重重的王子安置在這里。如今,這座城堡已經欣然接受了這一文學淵源,永遠以“埃辛諾城堡” (譯注:《哈姆雷特》中對該城堡的稱呼)之名聞名于世。克倫堡宮成為不斷翻拍的《哈姆雷特》相關影視劇的拍攝地,多年來已見證了多個演員飾演這位偉大的丹麥王子,這些演員包括勞倫斯·奧利弗、德里克·雅各比和裘德·洛。
Scotland, Great Britain 英國的蘇格蘭
Macbeth has a bad reputation—Shakespeare did not write the 11th-century Scot well21), making him out to be a power-hungry murderer with an unhinged22) wife. But was he really so bad? The Macbeth Trail driving route23), launched in 2013, might suggest not, linking locations from Shakespeare's play to the actual man. Glamis Castle (Wills called Macbeth the \"Thane of Glamis\"), Lumphanan (the Aberdeenshire village where Macbeth was killed in battle in 1057) and Cairn O'Mount (where Macbeth took his supporters en route24) to Lumphanan) are all on the trail—with some suitably dramatic Scottish scenery in between.
麥克白的名聲不好——對于這位11世紀的蘇格蘭人,莎士比亞下筆毫不留情,將他塑造成一個貪戀權力的謀殺犯,還給他配了一位精神失常的妻子。但麥克白真有那么壞嗎?2013年推出的“追尋麥克白”駕車旅游路線暗示:答案可能是否定的。該路線將莎士比亞戲劇《麥克白》里出現的地點與歷史上真實的麥克白聯系起來,路線中包括格拉姆斯城堡(莎翁稱麥克白為“格拉姆斯的領主”)、倫法南村(位于阿伯丁郡,1057年麥克白在這個村莊戰死)和堆石隘口(麥克白在此地集結支持者前往倫法南村)。在這些景點之間,還可以欣賞一些意料之中扣人心弦的蘇格蘭風景。
Messina, Sicily, Italy 意大利西西里島的墨西拿市
Shakespeare set Much Ado25) About Nothing in Messina, northeast Sicily. A creative decision, or a hint at much more ado? In 2002 Sicilian professor Martino Luvara put forth a theory: Shakespeare actually hailed from26) Messina. Luvara alleged27) that young Sicilian noble Michelangelo Crollalanza (\"William Shakespeare\" in Italian) emigrated to England and went on to wed Anne Hathaway—an excellent translator. Maybe. Maybe not. But when it's drizzling28) in Stratford-upon-Avon, Messina's sunshine, pizzas and piazzas29) might seem a more attractive bard-honouring option.
莎士比亞將戲劇《無事生非》的背景設在了西西里島東北部的墨西拿市。這到底是別出心裁的安排,還是暗示了更多的是非?2002年,西西里島的馬蒂諾·盧瓦拉教授提出了一個理論:莎士比亞其實出生于墨西拿。盧瓦拉宣稱,Michelangelo Crollalanza (“威廉·莎士比亞”在意大利語中的叫法)本是西西里的一位年輕貴族公子,后來移居英格蘭,娶了優秀的翻譯家安妮·海瑟薇為妻。或許是,或許不是。不過,當埃文河畔斯特拉特福鎮飄起細雨,擁有陽光、比薩和廣場的墨西拿似乎才是紀念莎翁更具誘惑力的好去處。
Shakespeare's Globe, London, Great Britain
英國倫敦的莎士比亞環球劇院
The Globe, one of the first purpose-built playhouses in London, was constructed on the Southbank in 1599—and Shakespeare was a shareholder. It burned down in 1613, during a performance of Henry VIII. Sketches of the theatre are sketchy30). Best guesses reckon it was a 20-sided roofless polygon31) built of oak laths32) and lime plaster33). In 1997, these guesses took shape and a new Globe opened, 230 m from the site of the original.
莎士比亞環球劇院是倫敦最早的專用劇院之一,于1599年建于泰晤士河南岸,莎士比亞曾是劇院的股東之一。1613年,劇院上演《亨利八世》時發生火災,遭到焚毀。由于劇院的草圖殘缺不全,最令人滿意的那些猜測都認為,這是一座無頂的二十邊形劇院,用橡木板和石灰膏建成。1997年,這些猜測付諸實施,新的環球劇院開張,距離原址230米。
18.erect [??rekt] vt. 建造
19.Frederik II: 弗雷德里克二世(1534~1588),丹麥和挪威國王
20.fortification [?f??t?f??ke??n] n. 堡壘;要塞;防御工事
21.《麥克白》創作于1606年,是莎士比亞后期創作的一部悲劇,取材于賀林謝德的《編年史》。《編年史》中的麥克白是11世紀蘇格蘭的一位王親貴族和名將,由于受到野心的驅使和女巫預言的煽動,將國王鄧肯謀殺。篡位之后,麥克白飽受內心極度恐懼和疑慮的折磨,但為保住王位實行暴政,濫殺無辜,成為瘋狂殘忍的暴君,最后被鄧肯之子率領的討伐之軍消滅。莎士比亞在創作《麥克白》時,對《編年史》中的記載做了較大的改動:把年輕的鄧肯改為年老仁慈的國王,讓其在毫無提防的睡夢中被殺害,并把麥克白的同犯班柯描寫為天性善良、誠實的大將,以突出麥克白的陰險、狡詐和殘忍。
22.unhinged [?n?h?nd?d] adj. 失控的;發狂的
23.The Macbeth Trail driving route: “追尋麥克白”駕車旅游路線,是蘇格蘭發起的運動,旨在還原歷史上真實的麥克白。
24.en route: 在途中,沿途
25.ado [??du?] n. 無謂的忙亂
26.hail from: 生于,來自
27.allege [??led?] vt. (未提出證據而)斷言,指稱,聲稱
28.drizzle [?dr?zl] vi. 下毛毛雨;下蒙蒙細雨
29.piazza [pi??ts?] n. (尤指意大利城鎮中的)廣場
30.sketchy [?sket?i] adj. (信息)粗略的,大概的,不完全的,不充分的
31.polygon [?p?l?ɡ?n] n. 多邊形,多角形
32.lath [lɑ?θ] n. 木板條
33.lime plaster: 石灰膏