新媒體視閾下高校思想政治教育科學化問題研究

顏 倩，王新偉

(1. 廣東工業大學計算機學院，廣東 廣州，510006； 2. 廣東工業大學學生處，廣東 廣州，510006)

新媒體視閾下高校思想政治教育科學化問題研究

顏 倩1，王新偉2

(1. 廣東工業大學計算機學院，廣東 廣州，510006； 2. 廣東工業大學學生處，廣東 廣州，510006)

新媒體對當代大學生學習生活方式產生著深遠的影響，大學生思想政治教育的內容和方法也正面臨著深刻的變革，積極探索新形勢下高校思想政治教育如何科學化開展勢在必行。面對新的機遇和挑戰，高校思想政治教育工作應轉變傳統觀念，主動適應新媒體時代提出的新要求，通過整合資源構建網上網下協同保障工作機制，創設發展平臺加強校園文化建設和師生媒介素養教育，著力打造實體和虛擬空間有機結合的思想政治教育新模式，不斷提升大學生思想政治教育科學化水平。

新媒體；高校；思想政治教育；科學化

當今社會，新媒體技術不斷發展進步，作為使用新媒體最為廣泛和活躍的大學生群體，其學習方式、思維方式和生活方式正日益被烙上新媒體時代的印記。新媒體在給高校思想政治教育創設全新路徑的同時，也對大學生世界觀、人生觀、價值觀的形成產生著較為顯著的影響。高校思想政治教育工作如何迎接新媒體帶來的機遇和挑戰，結合青年學生成長成才的需要，找準著力點和契合點，不斷探尋新媒體時代思想政治教育工作的新規律和新方法，增強工作感染力和實效性，成為高校學生工作者亟待研究的課題。

一、新媒體的界定及其特性

互聯網的高速發展使得以個人為中心的新媒體逐漸從邊緣走向主流。新媒體的快速發展不斷沖擊著人們的思維限制，而對于新媒體的界定，學者們可謂眾說紛紜，至今沒有定論。“新媒體(New Media)”一詞最初來源于美國，隨后開始受到越來越多人的關注并擴展至全世界。聯合國教科文組織曾認定新媒體就是網絡媒體，上海交通大學蔣宏和徐劍則認為新媒體是以數字信息技術為基礎的新的信息傳播形式。[1]綜合來看，筆者認為，新媒體是與報刊、廣播、電視等傳統媒體相對的，以數字技術、互聯網技術和移動技術為基礎，以電腦和手機等終端向用戶提供信息或服務，能同時滿足傳播者和接受者信息需求的媒體形態。

新媒體視閾下信息傳播主要表現為三個特征。一是傳播信息主體多元化。點對面的發散性傳播是傳統媒體的傳播模式，而新媒體則是點對點的多元網狀傳播，人人都可以是信息傳播的發起者，人們在任何一個終端都可以自由便捷地參與交流討論，他們彼此之間可以形成廣泛而靈活的交互關系。[2]新媒體時代，受眾不僅僅是信息傳播的客體，還同時具有信息傳播主體的角色，傳統的傳播主體主導的傳播模式已經在極大程度上弱化，不同社會群體和社會階層都能通過新媒體發出自己的聲音。二是傳播信息方式多元化。新媒體突破了時間與地域的制約，具有高度的開放性和自由性，人們可以在最大程度上整合碎片化的時間，通過各種移動終端，運用QQ群、微信、微博等載體傳播個人視頻、圖片或聲音，使得人們在表達觀點和情感方面更靈活、更形象、更充分。三是傳播內容多元化。新媒體的不斷進步與革新，將不同形式、不同地域的宣傳媒介高度融合，極大地突破了傳統媒體版面、周期的限制，信息存儲的極大增加和傳播成本的大幅降低，使得新媒體空間呈現海量信息的混雜。

二、新媒體視閾下高校思想政治教育科學化面臨的挑戰

近年來，隨著科學技術日新月異的發展，新媒體給高校思想政治教育工作帶來較大的便利，網絡越來越成為青年學生發泄情緒、表達態度的重要途徑。新媒體同時也是一把雙刃劍，在網絡輿情熱度不斷提升的同時，良莠不齊的信息的擴散也使得大學生思想政治教育科學化面臨新的挑戰。

(一)信息來源多元化沖擊大學生核心價值理念的培育

新媒體環境下，信息的交互傳遞更通暢、更快捷、更便利，青年大學生獲取信息的方式也由以往的被動接受變為主動搜索各種各樣的感興趣的信息，甚至出現主動迎合青年人興趣的不良信息。新媒體所呈現的大量信息往往真假難辨、良莠不齊。我國社會正處于深化改革的攻堅階段，各種不同的聲音和利益團體的力量交織在一起，包含著暴力、色情、煽動性言論等垃圾信息的傳播，容易對思想狀態尚不穩定的大學生造成誤導和損害，在一定程度上導致其價值標準缺失，世界觀、人生觀、價值觀都受到嚴重影響。

(二)資源使用便利化強化大學生對虛擬空間的日益依賴

在新媒體環境下，大學生可以不受時空的限制，在任何時間、任何地點上網、聊天、學習、娛樂等，在大學生自我調控能力還不成熟的情況下，難免會導致一部分自控性不強的學生沉迷于網絡、迷戀于網絡游戲。大學生可以隨時隨地上網瀏覽相關信息，下載豐富的信息資源，使得大學生不愿意記憶和深入思考問題，某種程度上也會影響大學生的學習能力和創新能力。此外，新媒體的快速發展也影響大學生正常的人際交往。在新媒體日漸普及的今天，大學生進行人際溝通和交流的方式也悄然發生著變化，微信、微博、QQ等即時通信工具的特點契合青年學生的心理需求，成為他們樂于接受和運用的載體。[3]網絡對大學生活的影響正在不斷加深，而對新媒體的過分依賴也勢必會導致部分青年學生日常人際交往及課外活動時間的減少，造成校園生活中人際關系淡漠和交際障礙，影響大學生思想政治教育的有效開展。

(三)表達方式差異化削弱主流聲音的有效傳遞

與傳統媒體相比，新媒體的內容大多來源于普通大眾，信息的獲取也更加快捷化、個性化，給高校思想政治教育工作帶來的影響顯而易見。如果主流媒體對校園內外青年學生較為關注的大大小小的事件沒有及時回應，沒有客觀權威的報道，借助新媒體傳播的小道消息就會甚囂塵上，使高校喪失輿論的主導權。同時在輿情傳播過程中，一些所謂的意見領袖或微信公眾平臺異常活躍，他們的意見或觀點往往能讓相當一部分大學生追捧；而對一些事件持不同觀點的學生黨員、有建設性意見的學生群體或者學校官方聲音，往往出現被質疑甚至被邊緣化的現象。網上發表的意見從某種程度上說是不同意見的混合體，各方看待問題的角度、層次不同，亦有可能出現以偏概全、抓小放大甚至顛倒黑白的現象。因此，活躍的網民表達的意見有時并不能代表青年學生的內心境界和價值追求，但卻經常性的占領著主流平臺的位置。

三、新媒體視閾下高校思想政治教育科學化的路徑選擇

(一)更新教育觀念，善用新媒體開展思想政治教育工作

長期以來，在我國高校思想政治教育中，社會主流媒體、學校和教師擁有絕對的話語權威，教育者掌握著幾乎全部的教育信息資源。而事實上，用傳統說教的方式對當代大學生進行思想教育引導已不能適應科學化的要求，很容易使大學生產生逆反心理。教育者必須適應新媒體時代的大學生見識廣博、思想活躍、善于獨立思考并且對新媒體技術充滿著濃厚興趣的現狀這一新常態，才能在新興技術快速發展的浪潮中有所作為。

新媒體有其鮮明的特點和規律，高校思想政治教育工作者要充分發揮其在大學生思想政治教育中的獨特優勢，推動育人工作科學化發展。新媒體環境下，人人都可以借助各種媒介傳播個人的意見或看法，青年學生的主體性在不斷增強，作為高校思想政治教育工作者要主動適應這種變化，及時轉變傳統的“以教師為中心”的教育觀念，尊重學生的主體地位和個性發展。要認識到教育者和受教育者是思想交流過程中平等的雙方，通過思想與思想的碰撞、心與心的交流，達到教學相長和潛移默化的教育效果。要依托新媒體中圖文并茂、形象生動的信息傳播功能，以受教育者喜聞樂見的方式構建雙方交流的平臺，使青年大學生在互動式的教育模式中認識、理解、認同高校思想政治教育工作者的觀點或意見，并內化為個人的價值追求。

(二)注重資源整合，構建網上網下協同保障工作機制

新媒體在促進高校思想政治教育工作科學化中發揮著舉足輕重的作用，但并不意味著傳統教育方式的過時或者消逝。如何有效整合二者資源，形成合力，最大程度地發揮思想政治教育的針對性和實效性是解決現實問題的關鍵。一方面，新媒體視閾下的高校思想政治教育應貼近實際、貼近學生，既有總體設計，又有可以讓青年學生感知的東西。要通過多種途徑和方式了解和掌握學生的思想動態，及時發現學生群體中存在的矛盾和問題。針對新媒體環境下大學生的身心發展特點和所思所想，主動整合教育學、心理學等專業資源，多措并舉做好學生思想教育引導工作。另一方面，要進一步優化網絡環境，適度把握對新媒體的監督和管理。要充分利用新媒體具有較強的輿論感染力和輻射力的特點，促使正面的、積極的信息能夠在最短的時間內占據宣傳主陣地，使得在處理公共事件、突發事件和群體性事件中新媒體信息傳播和輿論引導的價值得以最大程度的體現。[4]通過加強對新媒體的監督和管理，可以牢牢把握正確輿論導向，及時回應青年學生訴求，解答青年學生困惑，逐步構建以社會主義核心價值體系為導向的思想宣傳引導陣地。

(三)創設發展平臺，提升思想政治教育工作者媒介素養

新媒體的發展改變著大學生思想政治教育工作的方式方法，同時也對高校思想政治教育工作者的業務水平提出了更高要求。面對新的機遇和挑戰，高校思想政治教育工作者必須順勢而為，主動破解新媒體在制約大學生思想政治教育科學化進程中存在的問題。首先，思想政治教育工作者要認識到媒介素養教育對自身發展和工作績效的重要性，有目的有方向地圍繞相關主題開展學習和實踐，不斷提升自我，爭取成長為主動、理性、成熟的媒介使用者。其次，要通過開展系統培訓、成立互幫互助小組、職業能力競賽等途徑，根據受教育者的不同特點，成立不同類別的研究小組，并靈活選擇與之相適的教育模式和教學方案，不斷提升思想政治教育工作者的媒介素養和合理運用新媒體的能力。最后，高校思想政治教育工作者本身也應從嚴要求，以身作則，與時俱進，自覺提升自身政治理論素質和思想道德素質，對思想政治教育工作保持較高的敏感度和持久力，牢牢把握大學生思想政治教育工作的正確方向。

新媒體的快速發展極大豐富了大學生思想政治教育的路徑和載體，在強化大學生思想政治教育工作針對性和實效性的同時，也使得大學生思想政治教育面臨諸多新的挑戰。高校思想政治教育工作者要全面把握新媒體的特性，創新大學生思想政治教育的理念和方式方法，發揮優勢為我所用，不斷提升高校思想政治教育工作科學化水平。

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(文字編輯:徐朝科 責任校對：鄒紅)

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Key words: legal social work; psychological cognition social work; management social work; lawyer; common service area; profit patterns

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Key words: disaster; adolescent； psychological reconstruction； overseas experience

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Key words: social work; home-based care; optimizing strategy

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Key words: women′s shelter; occupancy rate; reason; policy suggestion

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Key words: disabled college students ; group work; social adaptation; practical research

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Key words: social transformation; southern China rural area; marriage and family; family happiness

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Key words: Social work; petition work; pattern

Dislocation of Professional Social Worker Education between “Institutional
Demands” and “college Training” : A Case Study of Zhengzhou city

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Key words: social work professionals; institutional demand; college training; dislocation

Abstract: The Council of Social Work Education (CSWE) of the United States of America developed “the Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS)” in 2008, which describes the Integrated Curriculum Design Model of Social Work Teaching. The model includes the four parts: program mission and objectives, explicit curriculum, hidden curriculum as well as assessment. The Integrated Curriculum Design Model has an important guiding role in advances in research on USA′s social work teaching in the early 21st Century, which mainly includes four areas: permeable professional ethics teaching; competency-based explicit curriculum design; the explication of hidden curriculum; and the importance of education assessment and its combination with the innovation of teaching methods. Chinese social work teaching can critically learn a lot from the Integrated Curriculum Design Model of USA.

Key words: social work teaching; USA; integrated curriculum; design

Abstract: Task-based group social work practice teaching model is a teaching method which combines task-driven mechanism with group work. It explores the group characters of different stage by drawing the task-driven mechanism into practice teaching, and brings specific tasks into the practice teaching processes. This paper mainly discusses the implementation processes of this model by analyzing task characters and performances of different stages, including group preparation, initial stage, middle stage, later period and evaluation, to transmit from conflicts to communication and achieve the communication and interaction among the group members. This new mode aims to help students establish a value of social work, develop the practical ability of social work, provide the experience references for achieving the goal of social work education and optimize the practical education.

Key words: task-based group ; practice teaching ; mode exploration

Abstract: There are plenty of restrictive factors and difficulties for local polytechnic universities to carry out graduate education which aims at cultivating top innovative graduates. Based on the implementation of GDUT Top Innovative Graduate Cultivation Project, a model of innovative graduate cultivation on the basis of collaborative innovation is proposed to construct a collaborative innovation mechanism, and further the platform for joint training of graduate students, to accomplish the improvement of innovation capabilities.

Key words: collaborative innovation; top innovative graduates; joint training

Abstract:New media has a profound influence on the contemporary college students′ learning and life style, the content and methods of college students′ ideological and political education is also facing a profound reform, and it is imperative to actively explore the scientific development of ideological and political education in colleges and universities in the new situation. Facing the new opportunities and challenges, the ideological and political education work should change the traditional ideas, take the initiative to adapt to the new requirements of new media era. Through the planning of resource integration, a platform will be built to strengthen the campus culture and the media literacy, and strive to create a new model of ideological and political education in both physical and virtual spaces, and constantly improve the scientific level of ideological and political education.

Key words: new media; colleges and universities; ideological and political education; scientification

An Empirical Study of the Recognition, Attitudes and Response to Elder Abuse among Chinese Public

LIU Chun-yan)

(School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies，Guangzhou,Guangdong 510420)

This study, based on the data of 1223 effective questionnaires in China, has analyzed understandings of the underlying phenomenon of elder abuse, Chinese public attitudes towards it and their responses. The findings include: (1) the existence and prevalence of elder abuse in China is widely recognized. (2) The public has a relatively clear attitude towards elder abuse. Abandonment, sexual abuse, physical abuse, psychological abuse, neglect and financial abuse have been widely recognized by the most Chinese as different forms of elder abuse. But self neglect of elders has not been considered by most people as an act of elder abuse. (3) Insufficient attention is given to the publicity and civil education of elder abuse, leading to deficient ability in the handling of elder abuse cases. It is suggested that a clear and localized definition of elder abuse should be adopted to construct modern filial piety and bring elder abuse into civil education, build a notification system of elder abuse and improve the prevention and control system for elder abuse.

elder abuse；cognition；attitude；response

Historical Evolution of Social Work Supervision and Its Inspiration——A Case Study of Social Work Supervision Practice in Shenzhen and United States

LI Xiao-feng1，HUANG Qiao-wen2，MA Rui-min3)

(1.Department of Sociology, Shenzhen, University Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060; 2.Dade Social Work Service Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510090; 3.Pingshan Datong Social Work Service Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518070)

Research on the Legal Social Work

QIAO Zhong-guo, XUE Li-bin

(School of Humanities and Social Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024)

Evolution and Implication of EU Education Policy for Migrant Children

WANG Hui-Juan

(School of Political Science and Law, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510090)

Overseas Experience of Adolescent Psychological Reconstruction after Disaster and Its Implication

LIU Bin-zhi

(Department of social work, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331)

Intervention of Social Work in Home-based Care: A Project-based Practice Research

MA Gui-xia, YE Shi-hua

(Institude of Marxism, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009)

Exploring the Reasons for Low Occupancy Rate of Women′s Shelters——A Qualitative Research from Perspectives of Battered Women and Social Workers

WANG Ting-yan

(Shunde Polytechnic , Foshan, Guangdong 528300)

An Research on the Practice of Group Work in Social Adaptation of Disabled College Students

WU Tian

(Nanjing Technical College of Special Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210038)

An Empirical Study on the Marriage and Family Happiness during Social Transformation in Southern Rural Area

WANG Shi-bin

(Guangdong College of Industry of Commerce, Guangzhou,Guangdong 510510)

“Social Work + Petition” as a New Mode of Governance

WANG Can-can

(Yongkang City CPC Committee Party School Office, Yongkang City, Zhejiang, 321300)

LI Zhi-qiang
(School of Law and Politics, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001 )

Advances in Research on Social Work Teaching in United States

DENG Ning-hua

(School of Politics and Law, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020)

A Teaching Model Exploration Based on Task Group in Social Work Practice

PEI Zhen-qi

(Institute of Population Research，Liaoning University，Shenyang，Liaoning 110036)

An Exploration of Cultivation Mode for Top Innovative Graduates Based on Collaborative Innovation: A Case Study of Local Sciense and engineering universities

XIONG Wei, YAN Qiu-sheng, ZHANG Guang-yu

(Graduate School, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006)

On the Scientification of Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities from the perspective of New Media

YAN Qian1，WANG Xin-we2

(1. School of Computers, Guangdong University of Technology; 2. Students′ Affairs Department, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006)

2015-07-14

顏倩(1986—)，女，回族，助教，碩士；主要研究方向：思想政治教育。

顏倩，王新偉．新媒體視閾下高校思想政治教育科學化問題研究[J].社會工作與管理，2015，15(6):88—90.

G41

A

1671-623X(2015)06-0088-03