摘 要: 針對航空序列擺掃圖像中心傾斜投影視角變化大的問題,提出一種基于中心投影變換與SIFT相結合的圖像拼接方法。該方法首先根據擺掃機構提供的參數,結合中心投影構像方程計算出圖像的投影變換矩陣,用于對序列擺掃圖像進行校正;運用SIFT算法提取圖像重疊區域的特征點,并采用歐氏距離進行特征點匹配;然后利用RANSAC算法剔除錯誤匹配點,并計算出變換矩陣對圖像進行配準;最后采用漸入漸出的圖像融合方法得到無縫拼接的圖像。通過與傳統圖像拼接方法進行對比,實驗證明文中提出的方法較大地提高了配準的精度以及拼接效果。
關鍵詞: 投影變換; SIFT; 圖像配準; 融合方法; 圖像拼接
中圖分類號: TN911.73?34; TP391 文獻標識碼: A 文章編號: 1004?373X(2015)09?0059?06
Abstract: To solve the problem, that the center oblique projection has great variation in angle of view, an image mosaic method base on center projection transformation and SIFT is presented for scanning image sequence. First of all, according to the parameters provided by the scanning mechanism and the center projection imaging equation, the projection transformation matrix which is applied to correcting the sequence scanning image is calculated, the SIFT algorithm is utilized to extract the feature points of the image overlap area, which are matched by using Euclidean distance, and then the RANSAC algorithm is used to eliminate the error matching point and calculate transformation matrix for image match. Finally, the seamless mosaic image is obtained by the image fusion method. Compared with the traditional fusion method, the results show that the accuracy of image match and image mosaic effect are improved by the proposed image mosaic method.
Keywords: projection transformation; SIFT; image match; fusion method; image mosaic
0 引 言
隨著無人機航拍技術的發展,無人機航拍技術越來越多地應用到軍事、測繪、環境監測等領域。而航空相機是人們獲取地面信息的重要手段,為了擴大相機視場,可以采用多個CCD相組合,但是這樣大大增加了相機的體積、質量、成本和復雜度[1?2]。所以可以將框幅式相機安裝于轉臺上,通過轉臺的運動實現擺掃成像,這時就需要圖像拼接生成大視場的圖像。
圖像拼接包括圖像預處理、圖像配準、圖像融合,其中圖像配準是關鍵。圖像配準一般分為基于像素與基于特征兩種方法,但前者易受光照變化影響且計算量較大。而David G.low提出的基于特征的SIFT方法因為具有平移,旋轉,縮放以及光照不變性等優點[3?4],得到了廣泛的應用,但大視角變換會對拼接效果造成一定的影響[5?6]。另一種圖像拼接的方法是在內外方位元素已知的情況下,利用中心投影共線方程精確校正傾斜相片,直接完成拼接,但是該方法需要精確的主動姿態測量設備,并且需要標定。針對以上問題本文提出一種基于中心投影變換與SIFT結合的圖像拼接方法,該方法通過主動姿態測量設備提供的部分參數,結合中心投影構像方程計算出圖像的投影變換矩陣,對序列圖像進行粗校正,再利用SIFT算法進行特征提取完成圖像拼接,不僅克服了以上圖像拼接的問題,而且較大地提高了圖像配準精度與拼接效果。
1 基于投影變換序列圖像幾何校正
通過擺掃生成的序列圖像有較大的視角變化,根據擺掃成像原理越靠近邊緣的圖像其擺掃角度越大,畸變也越大。本文首先通過中心投影構像方程推導出投影變換矩陣,并利用矩陣變換對序列圖像進行粗校正用于后期圖像拼接。
3 圖像拼接評價函數
5 結 論
由于序列擺掃圖像有較大的視角變化,直接對序列圖像進行拼接配準精度較低,甚至會造成拼接錯誤。本文提出的對序列擺掃圖像先利用投影變換矩陣進行幾何校正再拼接的方法,有效地解決了視角差太大的問題,提高了配準精度以及圖像拼接的效果,當擺掃圖像的擺掃角度增大時,本文提出的拼接方法更有優勢。
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