過去分詞做狀語

賴梅

一、邏輯主語與非謂語動詞的關系

邏輯主語是什么：就是非謂語動作的發出者或承受者。

練習一：找出下列句中非謂語動詞短語（即畫線部分）的邏輯主語。

1. Used for a long time， the book looks old. （_________）

2. Using the book， I find it useful. （_________）

3. He likes helping others. （_________）

4. Moved by his words， I told him all the news. （_________）

5. Its kind of you to tell me the news. （_________）

6. It is impossible for you to finish so much work in so short a time.（_________）

7. The teacher asked me to answer his question. （_________）

8. I saw him playing at the river side. （_________）

一般來說，分詞做狀語，它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。

如果邏輯主語是非謂語動詞的發出者，那么非謂語動詞就用主動。如：例2， 3， 5， 6， 7， 8；如果邏輯主語是非謂語動詞的承受者，那么非謂語動詞就用被動。如：例1， 4。

二、過去分詞做狀語的功能

（一）表被動

過去分詞與句子的主語構成動賓關系，也就是邏輯主語是非謂語動詞的承受者。

練習二：請用括號中所給詞的正確形式填空。

（1）__________ （read ） carefully， the article has several mistakes .

（2）__________（see） from the top of the hill， the city looks more beautiful to us.

（3） __________ （find） in the forest， the lost boy was already exhausted.

（4） __________ （beat） by the opposite team， the players were not discouraged.

思考：過去分詞作狀語都表被動嗎？

（二）表狀態

1. 源于情感類動詞的過去分詞作狀語時表狀態，與句子的主語不構成動賓關系（情感類動詞的過去分詞，是形容詞化的過去分詞），所表達的意義是說明主語的狀態，“感到……的”，不表被動。情感類的動詞過去分詞有：astonished， amazed， annoyed， amused， convinced， delighted， disappointed， encouraged， excited， frightened， interested， pleased， surprised， satisfied， shocked， terrified， tired， touched， moved， worried， bored， tired等等。

練習三：請用括號中所給詞的正確形式填空或選擇一個最佳答案。

（1）After the Anti-terrorist War， the American soldiers returned home， safe but _______（tire）.

（2）__________（disappoint） with the result of the experiment， she started a new one.

（3）After the journey， the three of them went back home， _________

A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired

C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired

（4）________（surprise）and happy，Tony stood up and accepted the prize.

（5）After his journey from abroad， Richard John returned home， ________（exhaust）.

2. 源于系表結構的過去分詞作狀語時表狀態，與句子的主語不構成動賓關系（這種分詞也是形容詞化的過去分詞）。如：be lost in （沉迷于），be seated（坐著）， be hidden（躲），be absorbed in（沉溺于）， be tired of（厭煩）， be interested in（感興趣），be well-known for（因出名）， be dressed in （穿著），be faced with （面臨著） 等。當這些短語作狀語時，常用過去分詞作狀語，表示主語所處于某種的狀態。

練習四：請用括號中所給詞的正確形式填空。

（1）__________（lose / absorb）in deep thought， he didnt hear the sound.

（2）_________（dress）in a white uniform， he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

（3）He left the place ， __________（ determine ）never to come back .

（4）__________（tire） of the food， he said nothing and went out.

（5）___________（concern） about his safety， the parents called him.

三、過去分詞做狀語的用法

1. 過去分詞作狀語：表示時間，條件，原因，讓步，比較狀語時，等同于相應的時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句，讓步狀語從句和比較狀語從句。

練習五：請把下列句中做狀語的分詞短語轉換為狀語從句。

（1） He wont go there with us unless invited.

_________________________________________________

（2） Lost in thought， I didnt notice what happened outside.

_________________________________________________

（3） Given another hour， I can also work out this problem.

_________________________________________________

（4） The concert was a great success than expected.

_________________________________________________

2. 過去分詞作方式或伴隨狀語時，等同于一個并列句。

The old man got on the bus， supported by a girl.

= The old man got on the bus and was supported by a girl.

注意：

（1）狀語從句改成過去分詞作狀語后，有時還可保留連詞，構成“連詞+過去分詞”結構作狀語。

When given a medical examination， you should keep calm.

（2）過去分詞作狀語可以位于主句之前也可以位于主句之后。

He stood there silently， moved to tears. = Moved to tears， he stood there silently.

練習六：請把下列句中作狀語的分詞短語轉換為狀語從句。

（1） Satisfied with what he did， the teacher praised him in class.

_________________________________________________

（2） Given a few minutes， Ill finish it.

_________________________________________________

（3） Trained ten hours a day， he will still be a fool.

_________________________________________________

（4） She walked out of the house， followed by her little daughter.

_________________________________________________

（5） Once seen， it can never be forgotten.

_________________________________________________

四、區別現在分詞做狀語

現在分詞作狀語時，與邏輯主語之間存在主動關系，用-ing表示：

1. 當所表示的動作與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生用一般式（doing）。

Arriving at a strange-looking house， he showed me into a large， bright clean room.

Walking along the river bank， she was singing a pop song.

Doing his best in maths these days， he has still got no good marks.

2.當所表示的動作發生在謂語動詞之前用完成式（having done）。

Having said this， he spread some food on the table.

Having made the mistake many times， he still makes it once agin.

練習七：請用括號中所給詞的正確形式填空或選擇一個最佳答案。

（1）__________and short of breath， Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.

A. To be tried B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired

（2）__________ twice， the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.

A. Being bitten B. Bitten

C. Having bitten D. To be bitten

（3） __________by the advances in technology， many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.

A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging

C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged

（4）___________ some officials， Napoleon inspected his army.

A. Followed B. Followed by

C. Being followed D. Having been followed

（5） ____________， liquids can be changed into gases.

A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat

（6）We watched， __________（amaze） as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship

練習八：閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當內容（1個單詞）或所給詞的正確形式。

1 （absorb）in his novel， Tome didnt notice his teacher coming to him. “ 2 （tell） many times to study hard， why are you still wasting your time？” the teacher said angrily， 3 （glare） at Tom. “Sorry， Mr. Wang. 4 （not know ） what to do， I just want to keep quiet in class， 5 （kill） my time.” 6 （hear） his words， the teacher left more angrily without saying anything. 7 （ surprise）， his classmates all stopped studying and looked up at Tom， 8 he was always considered a hard-working boy. “ Its nothing special，” Tom explained， 9 （put） the novel in his bag. “Isnt it good 10 us to read more ？” Then he began to do his homework.

參考答案

練習一：1. the book 2. I 3. he 4. I 5. you 6. you 7. me

8. him

練習二：（1） Read （2） Seen （3）Found （4） Beaten

練習三：（1）tired （2）Disappointed （3） B （4） Surprised （5） exhausted

練習四：（1） Lost /absorbed （2） Dressed（3） determined （4） Tired （5）Concerned

練習五：（1）He wont go there with us unless he is invited.

（2）Because I was lost in thought， I didnt notice what happened outside.

（3）If I am given another hour， I can also work out this problem.

（4）The concert was a great success than it was expected.

練習六：

（1）Because the teacher was satisfied with what he did， the teacher praised him in class.

（2）If I was given a few minutes， Ill finish it.

（3）Although he is trained ten hours a day， he will still be a fool.

（4）She walked out of the house and was followed by her little daughter.

（5）Once it is seen， it can never be forgotten.

練習七：（1）B （2）B （3） C （4）B （5） C （6）amazed

練習八：1. Absorbed 2. Told 3. glaring 4. Not knowing 5. killing 6. Hearing 7. Surprised 8. because 9. putting 10. for

（作者單位：廣東茂名市電白區水東中學）

責任編輯 蔣小青