話題4 日常活動（Daily routines）

符麗雪

一、命題預測

常活動指的是（1）Getting ready （做好準備，為上學、睡覺、玩耍等做好準備）；（2）Dressing， brushing teeth， washing hands and face， taking a shower， etc. （洗浴穿戴，包括刷牙、洗手、沖涼，穿衣等等）；（3）Eating （用餐，包括早餐、中餐、晚餐、吃點心等）；（4）Daily chores （日常家務，包括整理、掃地、洗碗碟、做飯等）；（5）Homework （做作業，包括讀書、寫作、學習等）；（6）Family time （家庭時間、聚會，包括看電視、外出、訪客等）。

2008年至2015年的高考英語全國卷書面表達中考查“日常生活”話題的不多，2014年課標Ⅱ卷“十年后的我”涉及到了此話題，要求考生寫“家庭”。其它年份較少涉及。對于2016年全國卷的書面表達，命題人有可能在寫作的某一方面要求考生介紹家庭活動情況，包括飲食，家庭聚會、個人的日常生活等。

二、常用短語

1. as usual照例

2. do the cleaning搞衛生

3. share meals with 聚餐

4. take a shower 洗澡

5. stay up late熬夜

6. be accustomed to doing sth. 習慣做某事

7. do physical exercise 進行體育鍛煉

8. get into the habit of doing sth. 養成做某事的習慣

9. prepare dinner 準備晚餐

10. take/do some sports 做運動

11. in ones spare/free time 在某人的業余時間

12. have breakfast（ lunch， supper）吃早餐、午餐、晚餐

13. perform the routine of ... 執行……例程

14. sweep the floor 掃地

15. surf（on）the Internet 上網

三、套用句式

1. Do you brush your teeth， listen to your favourite songs， or stretch for a few minutes？ 你是否會在睡前刷牙，聽首自己喜歡的歌，花幾分鐘伸伸懶腰呢？

2. To rise early is a good habit we should cultivate， because the best time when we can study is in the morning and early rise is also good to our health. 早起是我們應該養成的一種良好習慣， 因為早晨是我們學習的最好時光，早起還對我們健康有益。

3. I make it a rule to rise early every morning， take a cold bath， go out for a walk and then attend to my daily lessons with a clean head. 我每天通常早起，洗個冷水澡，到外面散個步，然后再以清醒的頭腦完成每天的功課。

4. There is no denying that its very important for us to form a good habit of study. 不可否認，形成一種良好的學習習慣對于我們來說是很重要的。

5. We must be engaged in sports or outing so as to build up our bodies. 我們必須從事運動或郊游以便強壯我們的身體。

四、習作修改（做短文改錯，背經典范文）

Dear James，

Its pleasure for me to tell you my plan of that coming summer holiday after the college entrance examination. First of all， a good rest will be needed while I do feel tired after the hard work for the college entrance examination. And of course， on the rest following months Ill also do some reading for fun and for knowledges as well. Besides， Ill spend some time staying with my parents， do some chores since they have been done so much for me. In the meanwhile， I will perform lots of daily routines but also accumulate living experience so as to develop your ability of independence and cultivate a sense of responsibility. All in all， Ill make a fully preparation for college life.

Best wishes！

Li Hua

五、課堂練習

假如你是李華，你校正向廣大學生征集有關高中生在家表現的調查。請你根據調查獲得的情況及原因用書信的形式給學校領導寫份匯報，主要內容要點：

1. 調查情況（包括時間、對象、結果）。

2. 調查結果的主要原因。

3. 你的建議。

注意：1. 詞數100左右。

2. 可以適當添加細節，以使行文連貫。

3. 結束語已為你寫好。

[寫作指導]

第一步，認真審題。

1. 審文體：書信

2. 審時態：以一般現在時為主。

3. 審人稱：以第一人稱和第三人稱為主。

4. 審寫作對象：校長

5. 審寫作目的：匯報調查情況及原因并提出建議

第二步，基本內容及結構。

根據內容要點依次寫：調查的基本情況，根據調查結果闡述原因，根據結果和原因提出合理建議。

第三步：根據需要，拓展信息。

本題是根據調查情況及原因而寫的一篇匯報，考生可根據給出的基本要點進行擴充。

1. 調查情況。除寫出調查的時間，對象外，對于結果可進行拓展，如大部分高中生不做家務，甚至不洗內衣褲。

2. 主要原因：這一點也需要考生進行拓展，不做家務的主要原因可能是：課業負擔重，不知如何做家務，上網，父母包辦等等。

3. 你的建議。父母不要溺愛孩子，孩子應學會合理安排時間等等。

第四步，信息表達。

根據以上增加細節，拓展要點后，用英語表達出來。

第五步，仔細檢查，認真謄寫。

Dear headmaster，

Its my pleasure to report to you on how the senior high school students perform at home nowadays.

…

Sincerely yours，

Li Hua

六、課外作業

為了幫助中學生健康成長，某中學英文報開辟了“HEART-TO-HEART”專欄。假設你是該欄目的編輯李華， 收到一封署名為Worried的求助信。信中該同學向你訴說了自己的困擾：學習負擔重，容易發脾氣，使正常的學習和生活受到了影響。請按下列要點給該同學寫一封回信：

1. 表示理解并給予安慰。

2. 提出建議并說明理由。

注意：1. 詞數100左右。

2. 可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

3. 開頭語及結束語已為你寫好。

Hi， Worried，

Im sorry to know that youre having such a bad time because of the heavy homework at the moment.

…

Yours，

Li Hua

參考答案與范文

四、習作修改

給James 寫信，告知自己在高考后的暑期計劃。

1. 在pleasure前加a 因Its a pleasure for sb. to do sth. （某人做某事是件快樂的事）是固定句式。

2. that →this 指代未來，用this。

3. while →because 引導原因狀語從句。

4. on→during 表示“在……期間”。

5. knowledges →knowledge 不可數名詞沒有復數形式。

6. do some chores→doing some chores 已有謂語動詞will do而do前又沒有并列連詞，所以do是非謂語動詞；I與do是主動關系，用現在分詞作伴隨狀語。

7. have 后刪除been 是主動語態。

8. but →and 前后沒有轉折關系。

9. your →my 與上下文的主語I一致。

10. fully →full 作定語要用名詞。

五、課堂練習

Dear headmaster，

Its my pleasure to report to you on how the senior high school students perform at home nowadays.

I have conducted my survey among the senior three students in our school. As my survey shows， most of the students never do housework and some even never wash their own socks or underwear. There are many reasons for that. On the one hand， in order to get higher scores， some students stay up late into night， so parents have done everything for them. On the other hand， others chat on the Internet， addicted to playing games regardless of their routine housework.

From the above， I think parents should stop helping their kids， otherwise they will spoil them. And if students learn to do housework and arrange their time properly， they will grow up healthily.

Sincerely yours，

Li Hua

六、課外作業

Hi， Worried，

Im sorry to know that youre having such a bad time because of the heavy homework at the moment. The truth is that everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong， so you dont have to worry much. The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything youll regret. Here are three useful suggestions：

First， talk to someone you trust about how you feel. This is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself. Second， go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical exercise is as effective way to get rid of anger. And third， remain optimistic about your future. Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.

I hope youll soon feel calmer and carry on as normal.

Yours，

Li Hua

（作者單位：廣東廣州市蘿崗區教育科研與發展中心）

責任編輯 蔣小青