黃欣欣
一、命題預測
該話題常常涉及到個人日常的飲食習慣,各類型的食物以及各個地區的飲食文化差異和飲食健康等。命題者可能會以提綱的形式列出某國家(或地區)的飲食習俗或文化要求考生與自己家鄉的進行對比,進行該話題的寫作。此外,隨著現代人越來越注重飲食健康,命題者也可以讓考生對“健康飲食”這一話題進行思考,自己日常生活中的飲食(健康與不健康的)加以描述,從而發表自己對健康飲食的看法。
二、常用語塊
1. staple food主食
2. live on以……為主食
3. energy-giving food能量食品
4. green/ junk food綠色/垃圾食品
5. fast-food restaurant快餐廳
6. balanced diet均衡飲食
7. put on/lose weight增加/減少體重
8. be helpful for digestion有助于消化
9. be rich in nutrition營養豐富
10. be low in fat脂肪含量低
11. be beneficial to有益于
12. provide energy提供能量
13. maintain good health保持健康
14. have...for breakfast吃……作為早餐
15. be harmful to / do harm to對……有害
16. develop a good eating habit養成良好的飲食習慣
三、套用句式
1. In Guangdong, we live on rice. / In Guangdong, our staple food is rice. 在廣東,我們的主食是米飯。
2. For convenience, some people choose to have fast food instead of balanced diet. 為了方便,有些人選擇吃快餐而不是均衡的飲食。
3. French fries, which are low in nutrition but high in salt, are not good for health. 炸薯條營養少但含鹽量高,不利于健康。
4. In order to lose weight, some people skip breakfast. 為了減肥,有些人不吃早餐。
5. Only when we form a good eating habit, can we maintain good health. 只有養成良好的飲食習慣,我們才能有健康的體魄。
四、習作修改 (做改文錯誤,背經典范文)
Last week we conduct a survey on students breakfast eating habits. Here are the results.
76% students have breakfast in school canteen, think that school canteen provide them with safe and healthy breakfast. 25% students choose to have milk, biscuits, instant noodle for breakfast in their dormitories. They would rather sleep longer than spend the time to having breakfast in the canteen. However, 8% of they dont have breakfast in all. Most of them skip breakfast in order to lose weight. From my point of view, breakfast is first meal of a day, what provides the main source of energy for a days work and study. Therefore, we must attach great important to it.
五、課堂練習
假設你是李華,你在美國的筆友Sam將在下個月以交換生的身份來廣州學習,在出發之前他寫封郵件向你了解在廣州的日常飲食習慣。你現在要給他回信,內容要點:
1. 介紹廣州人的日常飲食習慣。
2. 在中國和美國飲食文化的差異。
注意:1. 詞數100左右。
2. 信的開頭和結尾已寫好。
3. 可以適當增加細節,以使行文連貫。
Dear Sam,
Im so glad to hear from you.
…
Im looking forward to your coming and hope you will enjoy your stay in Guangdong.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
[寫作指導]
1. 審題。(1)體裁:郵件;(2)人稱:以第一人稱為主和第三人稱(廣州人)為輔;(3)時態:以現在時為主(由于文章中大部分為介紹性信息)和一般將來時。
2. 要點及增加細節。
(1)承接信件所給出的開頭,向收信人表明這封信下面的主要內容(你很樂意為他介紹廣州的飲食文化與習慣)。
(2)介紹廣州人的日常飲食習慣(包括一天吃多少頓正餐,每頓正餐的主食副食通常是什么自己廣州人的餐飲特色等)。
(3)介紹在中國和美國的飲食文化差異(如中國人用餐習慣用筷子,而美國人用刀叉等飲等)。
(4)承接上一個要點,對Sam提出希望(希望他來到廣州的時候能盡快地適應)。
3. 篇章結構。
由于本文已經給出了信件的開頭和結尾,根據要點中的內容可將其安排在開篇句的一段。在寫內容要點的時候注意句與句之間的過渡與銜接,可在適當的位置上使用一些表并列、遞進或順承的連接詞(如Whats more, Last but not least等),使文章的結構更嚴謹。
最后,考生可以根據個人的能力在寫作中適當地使用一些高級的句式(如倒裝句,強調句等),提高作文的檔次。
六、課外作業
據世界衛生組織數據顯示,現在越來越多的兒童以及青少年的體重超標。假如你是高中生李華,你要給中國日報的“健康專欄”寫信,反映現今普遍中小學生的飲食習慣以及他們對飲食的看法,內容要點包括:
1. 現今普遍中小學生的飲食習慣。
2. 不良的飲食習慣對健康造成的影響。
3. 你對健康飲食的看法。
注意:1. 詞數100左右
2. 信的開頭和結尾已寫好。
3. 可以適當增加細節,以使行文連貫。
Dear Editor,
Im writing to express my opinions on the eating habits of nowadays students.
…
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
參考答案與范文
四、習作修改
這是一篇關于學生早餐習慣的調查報告。
1. conduct→conducted 由last week可知,用一般過去時。
2. think→thinking 因本句中已有謂語動詞have, 故think應是非謂語動詞;又因students與think之間是主動關系,故用thinking。
3. provide→provides 主語是canteen,為單數名詞,因此一般現在時中的謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數形式。
4. noodle→ noodles 面條noodles是可數名詞,要用復數。
5. 去掉to 或改to為in,因spend some time(in)doing sth. 為固定搭配。
6. they→them 因most of后面跟的是賓語,故要用人稱代詞賓格。
7. in→at 因not...at all 為固定搭配。
8. 在first前面加上the 因first 為序數詞,其前一般要用定冠詞the。
9. what→ which 引導非限制性定語從句并在從句中作主語,用which不能用that。
10. important→ importance 做賓語要用名詞,另外attach great importance to sth.為固定搭配。
五、課堂練習
Dear Sam,
Im so glad to hear from you. I know you will come to China, so Id like to tell you the eating habits of Cantonese. Generally speaking, we have three meals every day, including breakfast, lunch and supper. For breakfast, we usually have energy-giving food, such as milk, eggs, bread and so on, for such food can provide us with abundant energy for a days work and study. As for lunch and supper, our staple food is rice, along with vegetables, meat, fish and chicken. After lunch or supper, we have soup, which is traditionally considered to be helpful for digestion. Last but not least, it is important to remind you that we have our meals with chopsticks instead of knife and fork, so youd better get used to it.
Im looking forward to your coming and hope you will enjoy your stay in Guangdong.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
六、課外作業
Dear Editor,
Im writing to express my opinions on the eating habits of nowadays students. Now, as more and more western fast food restaurants are introduced to China, foods like French fries, hamburgers, ice creams and so on have become the favorite of most students. As these foods are high in sugar and fat, it is easy to make students become overweight if they often eat them. Whats worse, eating too much fast food will also lead to lack of nutrition.
In my opinion, it is very necessary for us to have a balanced diet every day. Not only should we have enough energy-building food such as rice and noodles, but we ought to have meat, fish, vegetables and fruits so that we can take in various nutrition. Only in this way, can we grow up healthily.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
(作者單位:廣東佛山市南海執信中學)
責任編輯 蔣小青