話題 14 天氣（Weather）

陳碎仍

一、命題預測

命題人可能要求考生寫一篇天氣預報或介紹某地的氣候特征以及相應的穿衣、生活、出行的注意事項；另外，隨著近年來全球氣候的持續變暖，在世界各地頻頻出現極端天氣，命題者可能要求考生描述一個極端天氣事件（發生的時間、地點，以及給人們的生產和生活帶來的影響等）；或就一些極端氣候的現象，要求考生分析其發生的原因，以及應當采取什么措施等等。

二、常用短語

1. rainy season雨季

2. heat stroke/sunstroke中暑

3. drought-relief efforts抗旱

4. global warming全球氣候變暖

5. extreme weather極端天氣

6. greenhouse effect溫室效應

7. average temperature平均氣溫

8. weather forecast天氣預報

9. high temperatures/wave高溫/浪

10. drinking water shortage飲用水缺乏

11. have agreeable weather氣候適宜

12. enjoy pleasant weather氣候適宜

13. have adequate rainfall雨水充足

14. worst-hit area最嚴重受災地區

15. neither too cold nor too hot既不太冷又不太熱

16. red/orange rainstorm alert紅色/ 橙色暴雨預警

17. yellow/blue rainstorm alert黃色/ 藍色暴雨預警

18. emergency response system/plan應急系統/預案

三、套用句式

1. The temperature in Suzhou varies from 18 to 30 degrees centigrade in June. 蘇州6月份氣溫大概介乎18到30攝氏度之間。

2. It is worth mentioning that like other cities in Jiangsu Province， Suzhou also has a very long rainy period， called the plum rain season， so an umbrella is advisable to be equipped during the season.值得一提的是，和江蘇的其他城市一樣，蘇州的雨季很長，被稱為梅雨季節，所以在這個時間段旅游蘇州最好帶上傘哦！

3. All shops and banks are closed when the government issues the typhoon alert. 當政府發布臺風預警時，商店和銀行都暫停營業。

4. Factories that release a great deal of polluted gases are also responsible for it.排放出大量污染氣體的工廠也應為此負責。

5. Personally， it is time for the government to enact more strict laws and regulations to reduce/lower harmful emissions from factories.我認為政府是時候制定更嚴厲的法律法規來減少來自工廠的有害排放物了。

四、習作修改（做短文改錯，背經典范文）

Good evening！Here is the weather report of the next 24 hours. Many of North and South China will have a cold wet day and there will be strong wind in some places. In Northeast it will be fine and sometimes cloudy. The temperature will stay over zero in the daytime， but at night will fall below zero. In the Northwest there will be snowy during the night. And it is bad that in some places the snow will be heavy， with the lowest temperature to be 8 degree centigrade below zero.

五、課堂練習

假如你是李華， 你的澳大利亞筆友Sally六月將與家人一道到你的家鄉——蘇州旅游。 她想提前了解蘇州的天氣以及相應的注意事項。請用英語給她寫一封郵件，內容包括：

1. 很高興收到她的來信。

2. 蘇州是一個美麗的城市。

3. 六月份氣溫通常介乎18至30攝氏度之間。

4. 六月份是蘇州的梅雨時節，出行須帶傘。

注意：1. 詞數100左右。

2. 可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

3. 開頭結尾已給出，不計入總詞數。

Dear Sally，

...

Yours，

Li Hua

[寫作指導]

1. 審題。（1）體裁：郵件；（2）第一人稱和第三人稱（天氣）；（3）以現在時為主（因大部分為介紹性信息）和一般將來時。

2. 要點及增加細節。

（1）很高興收到她的來信（信的內容為六月Sally將與家人一道到你的家鄉——蘇州旅游）。

（2）蘇州是一個（氣候適宜的）美麗城市。

（3）六月份氣溫通常介乎18至30攝氏度之間（即氣溫既不太冷又不太熱）。

（4）六月份是蘇州的梅雨時節，出門須帶傘。

（5）期待Sally的回信/Sally一家的到來。

3. 篇章結構。

上述要點（1）為書信的開頭，可單獨一段；要點（2）（3）都是體現蘇州的宜人氣候，而要點（4）則是需注意事項，與前者為轉折關系，可用however使前后更加連貫；要點（5）放在最后單獨一段。

此外，寫作時在你的能力范圍之內，注意運用靈活多樣的句子。

六、課外作業

假如你是李華，現打算就我國近年來備受關注的霧霾（haze）現象寫一篇文章向某報社投稿。內容主要包括：

1. 霧霾天氣給人們的身體、生活帶來的危害。

2. 分析產生這種現象的原因。

3. 談談你自己對此的看法。

注意：1. 詞數100左右。

2. 可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

3. 開頭已為你寫好。

Recently， the haze weather in China has raised widespread concern

參考答案與范文

四、習作修改

這是一篇未來24小時的天氣預報。

1. of→for 句意：現在播報未來24小時的天氣預報。報道某事用report for sth.。

2. Many→Most 華北和華南大部分地區。

3. 在strong wind 前加上a 抽象名詞具體化，與a heavy rain的表達相類似。

4. Northeast前加the 方位詞前通常加the，這是固定用法。

5. and→but 前面的fine與后句的cloudy形成轉折。

6. over→above 固定搭配。零度以上用above。

7. will前加上it 句子缺少主語，表氣溫用it。

8. snowy→snow 句子缺少主語，要用名詞，形容詞snowy不能做主語。

9. bad→worse 與前一句成遞進關系。前面說有雪，后面說雪將會很大，所以應該用比較級。

10. degree→degrees 前面有8，所以應該用名詞復數。

五、課堂練習

Dear Sally，

I am glad to hear that you are going to go on a trip with your family to my hometown， Suzhou， Jiangsu Province in June.

Suzhou is a beautiful city with agreeable/ideal/pleasant weather. Usually， the temperature in Suzhou varies from 18 degrees centigrade to 30 in June. Thats to say， it is neither too cold nor too hot when you are here. However， it is worth mentioning that like other cities in Jiangsu Province， Suzhou also has a very long rainy period， also called the plum rain season， so an umbrella is advisable to be equipped during the season.

I am really looking forward to your coming and hope that you will have a good time.

Best wishes！

Yours，

Li Hua

六、課外作業

Recently， the haze weather in China has raised widespread concern. It has brought much inconvenience and has done great harm to peoples health， such as traffic jam， road accidents， bad coughs， throat hurts and even lung cancers and so on. From my point of view， vehicles sending large quantities of poisonous gases are the main cause for the haze weather. Furthermore， Factories that release a great deal of polluted gases are also responsible for it.

Personally， it is time for the government to enact more strict laws and regulations to reduce/lower harmful emissions from factories. Besides， citizens should be encouraged to drive less and choose air-friendly means of transport. In brief， only when the government and the common citizens make joint efforts， can this problem be solved.

（作者單位：廣東普寧市華美實驗學校）

責任編輯 蔣小青