話題18 自然（Nature）

李華軍

一、命題預測

該話題涉及的范圍很廣，包括動植物的保護、天體、人與自然的和諧相處、自然災害、環境保護等問題。命題者可能要求考生寫森林保護、自然資源保護、野生動植物和瀕危動物保護等，這些都是社會的熱點話題。寫作本話題，要有自己的觀點或明確表達題目要求的觀點。一般情況下，談論的多是目前社會存在的話題，所以多用一般現在時，當然，可以根據實際需要選擇合適的時態。

二、常用短語

1. keep a stock of儲存

2. natural disasters自然災害

3. emergent situation緊急情況

4. die out/ become extinct滅絕

5. lose the habitats失去棲息地

6. stricken district / area受災地區

7. go against nature違背自然規律

8. protect rare animals保護珍稀動物

9. wildlife protection野生動植物保護

10. take effective measures 采取有效措施

11. set up nature reserves建立自然保護區

12. plant trees； cut down trees植樹/砍伐樹木

13. the endangered animals瀕臨滅絕的動物

14. punish the hunters severely嚴懲捕獵者

15. keep the balance of nature保持生態平衡

16. break the balance of nature破壞生態平衡

17. recover from the disaster從災難中恢復過來

18. live in harmony with animals和動物和諧相處

19. protect... from being killed保護……不被殺害

20.（be）in danger of extinction處于滅絕的危險之中

21. arouse peoples awareness of... 喚醒人們的……意識

22. devote oneself to protecting wildlife致力于保護野生動物

三、套用句式

1. Only by knowing the importance of animal protection can people develop a sense of responsibility. 只有明白了動物保護的重要性，人們才會培養一種責任感。

2. If I were one of the endangered animals， I would hope that man could be a good friend of mine rather than my enemy. 如果我是瀕危動物的一員，我希望人類能成為我的好朋友而不是敵人。

3. The government should keep people from destroying forests and shut down the factories which pollute rivers and air. 政府應該阻止人們毀壞森林，并且讓那些對河流和空氣造成污染的工廠關閉。

4. It is known that at present the number of wild animals has decreased rapidly， and some species are even facing the danger of extinction. 眾所周知，目前野生動物的數量正急劇減少，一些物種甚至面臨著滅絕的危險。

5. Typhoon is a terrible nature disaster that often strikes southeastern parts of China. 臺風是一種可怕的自然災害，它主要襲擊中國東北部省份。

四、習作修改（做短文改錯，背經典范文）

Dear Sir or Madam，

Im student from Chongqing， China. Im writing this letter to you to tell you anything about Chinese Yangtze finless porpoise. Due to lack of human protection， the number of this precious species are becoming smaller and smaller，only less than 1000 leave. They are dying out of. Therefore，its high time we take immediate measures to change the situation.

Because I hope WWF will do something to help Yangtze finless porpoise by setting up a special fund organization or drawing up some rule on how to protect it and so on .

Thanks for reading my letter and anxious anticipating to hear from me soon.

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

五、課堂練習

假定你是李華，目前，野生動物的數量正急劇減少，一些物種甚至面臨著滅絕的危險。請你給某英語報社的編輯寫一封信，呼吁大家保護野生動物。內容主要包括：

1. 當前野生動物的現狀。

2. 分析這種現狀的原因。

3. 為保護野生動物提出自己的建議。

注意：1. 詞數：100左右。

2. 可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

3. 開頭語已為你寫好。

Dear editor，

Im writing this letter to tell you about the emergent situation of wild animals.

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

[過程指導]

第一步，認真審題，明確要求。

1. 審文體：議論文。

2. 審時態：以一般現在時為主。

3. 審人稱：以第一人稱為主。

4. 審要點：認真看看所給信息，以便分組規劃。

第二步，圍繞主題，提煉要點。

第一段：當前野生動物的現狀（①目前，野生動物的數量正急劇減少，一些物種甚至面臨著滅絕的危險。②是時候我們應該采取行動保護它們以免被殺害。）

第二段：分析這種現狀的原因（③除了受污染的環境和自然災害的因素，非法捕殺野生動物也是一個重要原因；④動物所居住的森林正遭到破壞。）

第三段：為保護野生動物提出自己的建議。（⑤我想呼吁大家更多地關注動物的居住條件；⑥我們應該共同努力，確保它們不會滅絕。）

第三步，分析要點，信息表達。

①At present， the number of wild animals has decreased rapidly， and some species are even facing the danger of extinction.

②Its time that we took action to protect them from being killed.

③Apart from the polluted environment and natural disasters， illegal killing is an important reason.

④The forests where wild animals live are being destroyed.

⑤Id like to call on all of us to pay more attention to animals living condition.

⑥We should work together to make sure they will not die out.

第四步，添加細節，連句成篇。

第五步，仔細檢查，工整謄寫。

六、課外作業

我們知道，臺風（Typhoon）是沿海地區常見的自然災害，它主要襲擊中國東北部省份。假定你是李華，你的英國朋友Peter想向你了解一些有關臺風的知識。請根據下列要點寫封回信。

1. 臺風主要發生的地區。

2. 臺風來臨前你應該做什么。

3. 在風暴中應該如何實現自救。

注意：1. 詞數：100左右。

2. 可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

3. 開頭語已為你寫好。

Dear Peter，

In your last mail you ask me something about Typhoon. Here is something about it.

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Best wishes.

Li Hua

參考答案與范文

四、習作修改

李華就中國長江江豚受人類活動影響而瀕臨滅絕的問題給世界自然保護基金組織寫了一封信，請他們關注江豚的現狀并提供幫助。

1. 在student前加a 單數可數名詞前應加冠詞，此處表示泛指，故用a。

2. anything →something 因anything主要用于否定句或疑問句中，在肯定句中通常用something。

3. are→is 因the number of作主語，表示“……的數量”，謂語動詞應用單數。

4. leave→left 因1000 species與leave之間是邏輯的動賓關系，故應用過去分詞表被動。

5. 把dying out后的of去掉 因die out為固定搭配，意為“滅絕，消失”。

6. take→took 因its high time sb. did sth.為固定句型，意為“該是某人做某事的時候了”。

7. Because→So 聯系上下文可知，此處表示結果，故用So（因此，所以）而不用Because。

8. rule→ rules因rule前有some引導，故應用名詞的復數形式。

9. anxious→anxiously 修飾動詞，應用副詞。

10. me→you 聯系上文可知，此處應是期待收到“你”的回信。

五、課室練習

Dear editor，

Im writing this letter to tell you about the emergent situation of wild animals. It is known that at present the number of wild animals has decreased rapidly， and some species are even facing the danger of extinction. Its time that we took action to protect them from being killed.

There are several reasons accounting for this problem. Apart from the polluted environment and natural disasters，illegal killing is an important reason. Besides，the forests where wild animals live are being destroyed. As a result，a lot of animals are losing their habitats.

Last，Id like to call on all of us to pay more attention to animals living condition and work together to make sure they will not die out. Lets build a better world with them.

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

六、課外作業

Dear Peter，

In your last mail you ask me something about Typhoon. Here is something about it. Typhoon is a terrible nature disaster that often strikes southeastern parts of China. As a common disaster， it has been threatening human beings of all time.

When a powerful storm is reported to come，try your best to avoid going out. Besides，youd better not leave any flowerpot on the balcony. Whats more，keep a stock of enough food and water in case the storm lasts for a long time.

If you are caught in the storm，remember the tips as follows. Firstly，dont shelter under trees because they are easily to be struck by lightning. Secondly，strong wind may blow things into the air，so youd better protect yourself from the dropping things. Be careful so that you wont be hit by them.

Best wishes.

Li Hua

（作者單位：廣東吳川市第三中學）

責任編輯 蔣小青