話題19 世界和環(huán)境（The world and the environment）

葛莉萍

一、命題預(yù)測(cè)

命題人可能要求考生寫一篇關(guān)于環(huán)保、世界和平及世界文化交流的演講稿、邀請(qǐng)函、電子郵件，相關(guān)辯論賽的報(bào)道，相關(guān)文章的讀后感和電影影評(píng)。

二、常用短語(yǔ)

1. in the long run從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看

2. at home and abroad國(guó)內(nèi)外

3. global warming全球變暖

4. cut down on the number of...減少……的數(shù)量

5. develop renewable resources發(fā)展可再生資源

6. deal with rubbish properly正確處理垃圾

7. eco-friendly products生態(tài)友好的產(chǎn)品

8. environmentally friendly環(huán)保的

9. intercultural communication跨文化交際

10. rich cultural blend豐富多彩的文化交融

11. unity and diversity統(tǒng)一性和多樣性

12. international relationship國(guó)際關(guān)系

三、套用句式

1. It is high time that we took measures to protect the environment. 是我們采取行動(dòng)來(lái)保護(hù)環(huán)境的時(shí)候了。

2. It takes many years to grow a tree but a day to cut it down.砍樹(shù)容易種樹(shù)難。

3. The world is no longer what it used to be.世界不再是過(guò)去那樣子了。

4. China has the largest population in the world.中國(guó)是世界上人口最多的國(guó)家。

5. Globalization makes the world smaller like a village， where villagers have more opportunities to admire the beauty of other countries. 全球化促成了地球村，讓人們更有機(jī)會(huì)欣賞不同文化之美。

四、習(xí)作修改（做短文改錯(cuò)，背經(jīng)典范文）

Dear Chris，

Im Li Jin， monitor of Class One， Grade Eleven. Im very delighted to learn that youre coming to our class to study with us as exchange student the next term. Welcome to our class！

It is a great honor for me to tell you some informations relevant to the local life. First，our traditional foods are dumplings and rice. I hope you can enjoy it. In addition，the climate here is very similar to there in the USA，so there was no need for you to worry about it. Now，Ill introduce our class to you. Our class is made up of 52 students，all of them are friendly and hard-working. Undoubted，you can get along well with them. Our teachers are kind to us but treat us as their friends. Last of all，to promote the understanding and friendship between the students of the two countries，I hope you can do something，such as helping us practice our spoken English，and introduce something about American culture.

Looking forward to seeing you.

Yours，

Li Jin

五、課堂練習(xí)

假定你是育才中學(xué)高三（1）班學(xué)生李華，上周三，你班針對(duì)當(dāng)前世界范圍內(nèi)日益凸現(xiàn)的全球化（globalization）現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了一次辯論賽，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容寫一篇報(bào)道。

1. 辯論賽的主題、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、參加人員。

2. 贊成及反對(duì)的理由。

3. 你的看法。

注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右。

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

3. 開(kāi)頭和結(jié)語(yǔ)已為你寫好。

In the global information age，globalization is becoming increasingly evident around the world...

[過(guò)程指導(dǎo)]

第一步，認(rèn)真審題。

1. 審文體：除去開(kāi)頭報(bào)道辯論賽的時(shí)間地點(diǎn)外，辯論賽的內(nèi)容屬于觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比的議論文。

2. 審時(shí)態(tài)：報(bào)道辯論賽時(shí)間地點(diǎn)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，后面觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。

3. 審人稱：以第一、三人稱為主。

4. 審要點(diǎn)：審題時(shí)，寫作要點(diǎn)不僅僅是下面的1、2、3，還包括交待寫作任務(wù)前的情景說(shuō)明。

第二步，確定結(jié)構(gòu)。

可按3個(gè)寫作要點(diǎn)分為三段。另2個(gè)要點(diǎn)也可分為兩段。

第三步，確定內(nèi)容。（略）

第四步，確定語(yǔ)言。

開(kāi)頭段，可以使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：

Last Wednesday，we held a debate on the increasing globalization in Class 1，Senior 3. （主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）

Last Wednesday，a heated debate concerning the issue of globalization was held in Class 1，Senior 3. （被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）

中間段，可以參考觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比議論文模板。

Last Monday，we had a discussion/debate about__________（主題）. There are two opposite opinions about it. Those who favour the idea think_________（支持的理由一）. Whats more，___________（理由二）. Moreover，___________（理由三）.

On the other hand，the majority of the students are against the opinion. Firstly，________（反對(duì)的理由一）. Beside，______________（理由二）. Finally，_________（理由三）.

Personally，I think _________________（我的觀點(diǎn)） because/for the reason that __________（原因）.

結(jié)尾段，首先要表明個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)并輔以簡(jiǎn)要的理由，有很多導(dǎo)入方法。如：as far as Im concerned，personally，in my opinion，from my point of view，from my perspective，...

寫結(jié)論句時(shí)，要在內(nèi)容上抓住主題總結(jié)全文，本文推薦使用倒裝句。如：Only if we keep pace with the trend of globalization，can we accelerate the process of economic and cultural development internationally.

六、課外作業(yè)

假定你是光明中學(xué)的高三學(xué)生李華，你們年級(jí)準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)展主題為“保護(hù)環(huán)境，人人有責(zé)”的演講比賽。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下提綱準(zhǔn)備一篇演講稿。

1. 當(dāng)前地球的環(huán)境狀況。

2. 形成原因。

3. 解決方法。

注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右。

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

3. 開(kāi)頭和結(jié)語(yǔ)已為你寫好。

Good morning，everyone！It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what to do to protect the environment.

…

Thank you！

四、習(xí)作修改

1. 在exchange student 前加an 因exchange student為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，且exchange以元音音素開(kāi)頭。

2. 刪除next term 前面的定冠詞the 以說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話的時(shí)間為參照點(diǎn)不要the，以另一個(gè)時(shí)間、事件為參照點(diǎn)才用the。

3. informations→information 因information為不可數(shù)名詞。

4. it→them 指代前面的各種食物foods。

5. there→that 在比較句型中，that指代前面同類的單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，此處that指代美國(guó)的天氣climate。

6. was→is 和全文主時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。

7. them→whom或者在all of them前面加and 因all of whom引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而and連接兩個(gè)并列的分句。

8. Undoubted→Undoubtedly 副詞修飾句子。

9. but→and 因are kind to us 與treat us as their friends之間是并列關(guān)系。

10. introduce→introducing 因introducing和helping并列作such as的賓語(yǔ)。

五、課堂練習(xí)

In the global information age，globalization is becoming increasingly evident around the world. Last Wednesday，a heated debate concerning the issue of globalization was held in Class 1，Senior 3. All the students participated in it.

Sixty percent of the students support the point that globalization is of great benefit to us，which has driven the rapid development of international trade and promote world economy. In addition，globalization makes the world smaller like a village，where “villagers” have more opportunities to appreciate the beauty of other cultures.

However，those who hold the opposite opinion think that globalization actually widens the gap between the rich and the poor，causing great social conflicts. Besides，developed countries have an advantage over developing countries in making rules.

As far as Im concerned，globalization is a challenge as well as an opportunity. Only if we keep pace with the trend of globalization，can we accelerate the process of economic and cultural development internationally.

六、課外作業(yè)

Good morning，everyone！ It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what to do to protect the environment.

With world economy developing and global warming worsening，many serious problems arise on the earth. Not only are air and water polluted，but many animals are endangered with their habitats destroyed. Worse still，glaciers on the poles are melting at an accelerating rate and the sea level is rising dramatically.

Investigating the root cause of the phenomena，we find it is the boom of economy that leads people to try all means to satisfy their personal desires shortsightedly. On one hand，people cut down trees and change forests into cultivated land，leaving birds and animals homeless. On the other hand，factories and motor vehicles give out poisonous gases into the air，which increases the amount of carbon dioxide.

From my perspective，it is high time that we took measures to protect our planet. First，laws should be made to limit the emission of chemical gases and water. Then，we should develop renewable resources instead of exhausting the fossil fuel. Last but not least，the public awareness of environment protection is expected to be enhanced as well.

Thank you！

（作者單位：廣東深圳市松崗中學(xué)）

責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青