話題23 社會（Society）

丁志文

一、命題預測

本話題涉及的面廣，范圍寬，題材豐富。命題人可能要求考生就其中的一個方面寫一篇文章介紹一個民族（Nationality and people）、著名人物（Famous people）、某地的特定的法律（law）、人們的穿著（Ways of dressing）、宗教文化（Religions and culture）及習俗（Customs and culture）。現就其中一兩個話題作為示范供同學們寫作時參考。

二、常用短語

1. be strict with/ in嚴格要求

2. become/ be famous for...因為……而聞名

3. be absorbed in熱衷于

4. be enthusiastic about對……熱情

5. be exposed to 處于；暴露于……

6. be highly respected by 深受……的尊敬

7. achieve / realize ones dream 實現夢想

8. award sb. sth. /award sth. to sb.頒發某物給某人

9. have no choice but to put up with 別無他擇只好忍受

10. without any argument 毫無異議

11. a man of great achievements 一個具有偉大成就的人

12. the influence of different values 不同價值觀的影響

13. Where there is a will， there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

14. make great contributions to ones country為國家做出巨大貢獻

15. give sb. new courage to face life cheerfully 給某人新的勇氣欣然面對人生

三、套用句式

1. Nowadays people in every field are exposed to influences of different values. 現在各個領域的人們都處于各種價值觀的影響。

2. It is by working hard that scientists can make great contributions to the world. 只有勤奮工作，科學家們才能為世界做出巨大的貢獻。

3. Only when we are absorbed in our work can we find a proper way to achieve our dreams. 只有全身心投入工作，我們才能找到適當的辦法實現我們的夢想。

4. As the saying goes， “No pains ， no gains.” 名言說得好，“無勞則無獲”。

5. He was very strict in his research， which made him a great success in that field. 他在研究工作中十分嚴謹，這使得他在那個領域中大獲成功。

四、習作修改（做短文改錯，背經典范文）

I couldnt believe my ears when I heard my name calling. I was chosen to play the leading role in the play，that was my dream. As a shy and thin girl，I used to be quite afraid of speaking in the public. But my parents and teachers always encourage me to do so. Now I have changed great. In class，I am often the first one to stand up and answer questions even if I may made some mistakes. No pains， no gains. Now I am always brave enough overcome the difficulty in my heart and have changed in a lively girl. So my experience shows that we should not be afraid of losing face but only in this way can we make progresses.

五、課堂練習

假定你是光明中學的高三學生李華，你們年級準備開展一個主題為“向科學家學習”的演講比賽。請你根據以下提綱準備一篇演講稿。

1. 你最崇拜的一位科學家。

2. 他（她）的主要成就及對你的影響。

注意：

1. 詞數100左右。

2. 可以適當添加細節，以使行文連貫。

3. 開頭和結尾已為你寫好。

Hello， everyone！ My favorite scientist is...

…

Thats all. Thank you！

[過程指導]

第一步，認真審題。

1. 審文體： 介紹科學家，是說明文。

2. 審時態：以一般現在時和一般過去時為主。

3. 審人稱：以第三人稱為主。

4. 審要點：認真查看所給提示，包括情景說明。

第二步，增加細節，拓展要點。

要點1寫，開門見山，你崇拜的是哪位科學家，然后簡單介紹其出生年月、畢業院校、工作經歷、研究領域等。

要點2寫，他的主要成就與對你的影響。

第三步，翻譯表達，注意連貫。

第四步，檢查核對。

從時態、人稱、句式、詞組及短語等方面細查。

第五步，規范謄寫。

嚴格按規范的書寫完成作文。

六、課外作業

假定你是育才中學高三（1）班學生李華，年級要求你向全體同學報告一個振奮人心的消息，我國女科學家屠呦呦由于青蒿素的發現和在治療瘧疾方面的杰出成就和貢獻，成為中國大陸第一個贏得諾貝爾醫學獎的科學家。請根據以下要點寫一篇演講稿。

1. 簡介科學家屠呦呦。

2. 她及她的團隊所取得的成就。

3. 這一事件所產生的影響。

注意：1. 詞數100左右。

2. 可適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

3. 開頭和結尾已為你寫好。

參考詞匯：the Lasker Award拉斯克獎（醫學獎） artemisinin青蒿素malaria 瘧疾

Hello， everyone！My favorite scientist is Tu Youyou.

...

Thats all. Thank you！

參考答案與范文

四、習作修改

I couldnt believe my ears when I heard my name I was chosen to play the leading role in the play， was my dream. As a shy and thin girl，I used to be quite afraid of speaking in public. But my parents and teachers always me to do so. Now I have changed In class，I am often the first one to stand up and answer questions even if I may some mistakes. No pains， no gains. Now I am always brave enough overcome the difficulty in my heart and have changed a lively girl. So my experience shows that we should not be afraid of losing face only in this way can we make

試題分析：

1. calling →called 動詞hear的賓語my name與動詞call之間構成被動關系，用過去分詞called做賓語補足語。

2. that→which 因that是不能引導非限制性定語從句的，用which指代先行詞，在句中做主語。

3. 去掉public前的the 因in public（當眾）是固定搭配。

4. encourage →encouraged 本文敘述的是一件過去的事情，所以用一般過去時。

5. great →greatly 修飾謂語動詞have changed，用副詞greatl做狀語。

6. made→make 因為情態動詞后要接動詞原形。

7. enough 后面加to 不定式放在形容詞brave后面做結果狀語。

8. change in →change into 固定搭配change... into（把……變成……）。

9. but →and 句意：我的經歷說明我們不應該害怕丟臉，只有這樣我們才可以取得進步。上下文之間是并列順接的關系，不存在轉折關系。

10. progresses →progress 名詞progress（進步）是不可數名詞，沒有復數形式。

五、課堂練習

Hello，everyone！My favorite scientist is Yuan Longping.

Yuan Longping，an ordinary-looking scientist of great achievements， is known as Chinas “father of hybrid rice”. He was born in September， 1930， and graduated from Agriculture Department in Southwest Agricultural Institute. He has been working on agriculture education and research into hybrid rice since he left the institute. In the 1960s， when China was suffering serious famine， he was absorbed in the research of hybrid rice， which has a higher yield. He succeeded in developing a new species that produced a 20 percent higher yield than common types of rice. Yuan has devoted himself to the research and has made great contributions to mankind. He bas been honored many times by the state and international organizations. Although he is over 80 years old， he is still working on his hybrid rice， aiming to achieve even greater achievements.

Thats all. Thank you！

六、課外作業

Hello，everyone！My favorite scientist is Tu Youyou.

Tu Youyou， together with other two， jointly won the 2015 Nobel Prize for medicine for their work against parasitic diseases （寄生蟲病）. She has made great contributions to reducing the death rate of malaria （瘧疾）， minimizing patients suffering and promoting mankinds health. In fact， Tu has won some attention when she got the Lasker Award in 2011. As the first Chinese mainland Nobel Prize Winner of natural science award， Tus winning completely surprised Chinese people.

Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist to win a Nobel Prize for the work carried out within China for 40 years. Although the Nobel Prize did not come to her until four decades later， it is definitely one of the most privilege rewards that recognizes Tus devotion and perseverance in discovering artemisinin （青蒿素）. Her success is a reminder that science is never about instant success.

Thats all. Thank you！

（作者單位：廣東深圳市松崗中學）

責任編輯 蔣小青