話題12. 飲食

楊華新

一、相關(guān)短語(yǔ)

1. be high / rich in fiber 高纖維

2. be low in fat低脂肪

3. be lacking in nutrition 缺乏營(yíng)養(yǎng)

4. be particular about food 挑食

5. be closely related to health與健康息息相關(guān)

6. do harm/ damage to physical health有害身體健康

7. food poisoning食物中毒

8. recover from illness 病情好轉(zhuǎn)

9. keep a balanced / healthy diet 保持均衡/健康飲食

10. go on a diet / be on a diet 節(jié)食

11. lose weight/take off weight減肥

12. cut down body fat 削減脂肪

13. put on /gain weight 增肥

14. make up ones mind to do sth.下定決心做某事

15. aim at keeping slim 旨在保持身材苗條

16. skip breakfast 不吃早餐

17. eat excessively過(guò)量地吃

18. take an order點(diǎn)菜

19. take in / absorb nutrition 吸收營(yíng)養(yǎng)

20. a variety of fast food 各種各樣的快餐

21. attach importance to food quality注重食品質(zhì)量

22. pay more attention to your diet更加注意你的飲食

23. develop / form healthy eating habits養(yǎng)成健康的飲食習(xí)慣

24. guarantee the safety of food 保障食品安全

25. regardless of othershealth不為他人的健康著想

26. have a positive effect on 對(duì)……有積極的影響

27. be dying /eager to do sth. 渴望做某事

28. be favored by受到……的青睞

29. be popular with 受到……的歡迎

30. turn a blind eye to對(duì)……視而不見

31. take severe measures to do sth.采取嚴(yán)厲措施做某事

二、必備句型

1. Its high time that we stayed away from junk food and led a healthy life. 我們是時(shí)候遠(yuǎn)離垃圾食品，過(guò)上健康的生活了。

2. Only when we are particular about food can we prevent ourselves from falling ill.講究飲食，我們才能預(yù)防自己患病。

3. The issue of unsafe food has aroused public concern and caused a heated discussion.食物不安全事件引發(fā)了公眾的關(guān)注和激烈的討論。

4. Its proposed that laws should be made to severely punish the illegal producers and sellers of inferior food.建議立法來(lái)嚴(yán)懲那些制造劣質(zhì)食品的廠家和銷售者。

5. The local government needs to strengthen the management and raise the awareness of food safety among all the citizens.當(dāng)?shù)卣枰訌?qiáng)管理和提高市民的食品安全意識(shí)。

三、典型例題

例題一：基礎(chǔ)寫作

[寫作內(nèi)容]

請(qǐng)你寫一篇介紹白茶的英語(yǔ)短文，內(nèi)容包括：

品 名：白茶

類 屬：中國(guó)六大茶類之一

名字由來(lái)：因呈銀白色而得名

主要產(chǎn)地：福建、臺(tái)灣

歷 史：最早出現(xiàn)于北宋

特 點(diǎn)：形如銀針，外形優(yōu)美，口感甘甜；年份越久，功效越好

功 效：常飲會(huì)有益健康，可預(yù)防高血壓等疾病，還可以輔助治療牙痛和發(fā)燒

[過(guò)程指導(dǎo)]

第一步，認(rèn)真審題。

1. 審文體：介紹物品，是_______________文。

2. 審時(shí)態(tài)：以_______________為主。

3. 審人稱：以第______人稱為主。

4. 審要點(diǎn)：認(rèn)真看看方框內(nèi)外的信息，以便分組規(guī)劃。

第二步，信息分組。

根據(jù)各信息點(diǎn)之間的邏輯順序等將信息點(diǎn)分為5組，以便用5個(gè)句子來(lái)表達(dá)。（在題中用筆圈出即可）

第三步，信息表達(dá)。

以上每組信息點(diǎn)用一個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子來(lái)表達(dá)，必要時(shí)添加恰當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)等成分，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整。

第四步，連句成篇。

將以上5個(gè)句子合并成一篇連貫的短文，必要時(shí)添加適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡銜接詞。

第五步，檢查核對(duì)。

第六步，規(guī)范謄寫。

例題二：讀寫任務(wù)

閱讀下面短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文。

A sufficient energy intake is important for children while they are growing， and a diverse and nutritious diet is essential for their growth. However， like adults， if they take in more energy - in the form of food -than they use up， the extra energy is stored in their bodies as fat.

The number of overweight and obese children has risen steadily over the past 20 years. By 2024 it is estimated that 24 percent of boys and 27 percent of girls aged 2 to 15 will be obese.

Overweight children are twice as likely to be obese when they grow up as children who arent overweight. This means that in adulthood， they will be at an increased risk of high blood pressure， heart attacks， stokes， diabetes， osteoarthritis（骨關(guān)節(jié)炎） and certain cancers. The more overweight you become， the higher risk of suffering health problems you will get.

Apart from being a risk to childrens health， being overweight as a child may also cause emotional problems. Teasing about his or her appearance can affect a child's confidence and self-esteem， and can lead to isolation and depression.

[寫作內(nèi)容]

1. 以約30個(gè)詞概括短文的要點(diǎn)；

2. 以約120個(gè)詞就“兒童肥胖癥”發(fā)表看法，內(nèi)容包括：

（1）兒童肥胖的主要原因；

（2）兒童肥胖帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響；

（3）為了預(yù)防兒童肥胖，家長(zhǎng)在飲食方面應(yīng)注意哪些問(wèn)題？

[過(guò)程指導(dǎo)]

寫概要

1. 分析文體類別：閱讀材料為現(xiàn)象類說(shuō)明文，作者首先分析這種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的原因，然后指出這種現(xiàn)象的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，最后列舉這種現(xiàn)象對(duì)兒童造成的危害和影響。

2. 找出關(guān)鍵詞句：寫概要前，應(yīng)在文中找出并標(biāo)明以下關(guān)鍵句或關(guān)鍵詞：

分析原因：____________________________（第一段）

發(fā)展趨勢(shì)：____________________________（第二段）

列舉危害： （第三、四段）

3. 組合關(guān)鍵詞句：

談看法

要點(diǎn)⑴：首先寫出主題句：導(dǎo)致兒童肥胖主要有以下原因。然后列舉種種原因：不注重飲食均衡，經(jīng)常吃垃圾食品和其它高熱量的食物，缺少運(yùn)動(dòng)等。

要點(diǎn)⑵：首先寫出主題句：肥胖給兒童帶來(lái)諸多負(fù)面影響。然后列舉這些影響：行動(dòng)不便，容易疲憊；影響形象，打擊自信心，易產(chǎn)生自卑感；可能引發(fā)各種疾病等。

要點(diǎn)⑶：首先寫出主題句：為了預(yù)防肥胖兒童，家長(zhǎng)在飲食方面應(yīng)做到以下幾點(diǎn)。然后進(jìn)一步列舉做法：建議小孩不吃零食和油炸食品；限制孩子吃高脂肪食品和糖果、糕點(diǎn)，少吃肥肉；避免小孩過(guò)量進(jìn)食；應(yīng)多吃蔬菜和水果以及適當(dāng)增加含纖維素的食品，等等。

根據(jù)以上提示，完成自己的寫作：

四、摸擬演練

練習(xí)一：基礎(chǔ)寫作

你班上周開展了一次話題討論。

[寫作內(nèi)容]

請(qǐng)寫一篇英語(yǔ)短文介紹討論情況，內(nèi)容包括：

時(shí)間：上周三 人員：全班同學(xué) 話題：快餐的利與弊

利：

（1）方便、省時(shí)和經(jīng)濟(jì)，適合忙碌沒(méi)空做飯的人群；

（2）種類多樣，味道可口，尤其受到少年兒童的青睞。

弊：

是垃圾食品，缺乏營(yíng)養(yǎng)，不利健康；

油膩，高脂肪，容易導(dǎo)致肥胖。

結(jié)論：講究飲食，少吃快餐

Last Wednesday our class had a heated discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of fast food. ...

練習(xí)二：讀寫任務(wù)

閱讀下面短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文。

Last month， I witnessed a food poisoning accident occurring to my roommates. At that time the circumstance was really dangerous and urgent. Though they managed to get out of danger， this accident is still vivid in my mind as if it had happened yesterday.

That day was Julies birthday， one of my classmates. To celebrate it together， her roommates purchased a big birthday cake for her in a supermarket nearby. They divided the cake into pieces and shared them enjoyably. However， it was not long before they all felt sick and dizzy， suffering sharp stomachache. Some even fainted onto the floor. Noticing what'd happened， we sent them to the nearest hospital for treatment in no time. It turned out that the cake they ate had already expired（過(guò)期；失效） its guarantee period. Fortunately， due to timely treatment， they all recovered gradually.

Nevertheless， the accident above leaves me a deep impression and has been deeply rooted in my memory. I think it urgent for the departments concerned to take effective steps to improve food safety and prevent similar accidents from happening again.“Prevention is better than cure”， as the saying goes. Only by taking severe measures to fight against illegal production and purchase of food and strengthen the supervision（監(jiān)管） of quality can the health of consumers be guaranteed.

[寫作內(nèi)容]

1. 以約30詞概括上文的主要內(nèi)容；

2. 以約120詞就“食品安全”談?wù)勀愕目捶?，?nèi)容包括：

（1）你讀完文章的感受；

（2）分析上述問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的原因并說(shuō)明你的觀點(diǎn)；

（3）就如何避免食品安全事故的發(fā)生提出相應(yīng)的舉措。

（作者單位：江門開平市第一中學(xué)）