應用Endobutton帶袢鋼板技術治療RockwoodⅢ型肩鎖關節脫位

宋哲 張堃 朱養均 李忠 莊巖 魏巍 楊娜

?

應用Endobutton帶袢鋼板技術治療RockwoodⅢ型肩鎖關節脫位

宋哲 張堃 朱養均 李忠 莊巖 魏巍 楊娜

目的 探討應用Endobutton帶袢鋼板技術治療Rockwood Ⅲ型肩鎖關節脫位的手術方法及療效。方法 回顧性分析2010年6月至2013年6月收治的Rockwood Ⅲ型肩鎖關節脫位患者21例，其中男性14例、女性7例；年齡19～52歲，平均31.2歲。21例患者均Ⅰ期接受手術治療，通過X線片觀察術后肩鎖關節脫位修復情況以及內固定牢固程度，并定期按Constant評分和Karlsson療效評價標準對肩鎖關節功能進行評估。結果 21例患者均獲得16.2(12～36)個月隨訪。隨訪結果如下，Constant評分：平均92.4(70～100)分；Karlsson療效評價標準：優16例(76.2%)、良4例(19.0%)、差1例(4.7%)，優良率達95.2%。結論 應用Endobutton帶袢鋼板技術治療Rockwood Ⅲ型肩鎖關節脫位具有臨床效果好、手術創傷小、并發癥少、不需二次手術等優點。

肩鎖關節；脫位；Endobutton技術

肩鎖關節脫位是一種常見的損傷，經常發生于重體力勞動者和年輕運動員，多為摔傷時肩部著地引起。Rockwood Ⅲ型肩鎖關節脫位通常需要手術治療[1]，目前文獻報道的手術方法有很多種，但沒有一種公認的有效和理想的手術方法[2]。自2010年6月至 2013年 6月，我院使用Endobutton帶袢鋼板內固定技術治療Rockwood Ⅲ型肩鎖關節脫位患者21例，隨訪12～36個月，并進行肩關節功能及影像學評估，臨床療效滿意，現報道如下。

對 象 與 方 法

一、一般資料

肩鎖關節脫位患者21例，男性14例，女性7例；年齡19～52歲，平均31.2歲；左側9例，右側12例。致傷原因：交通傷8例，摔傷9例，運動傷2例，重物砸傷2例。21例均為 Rockwood Ⅲ型患者，排除合并鎖骨骨折、多發性骨折、閉合性胸部損傷和顱腦損傷。臨床表現為外傷后鎖骨外上方疼痛，鎖骨遠端向上突起，按壓時有疼痛和浮動感。X線檢查提示：肩鎖關節完全分離。21例患者均為新鮮脫位，無合并血管神經損傷，手術時間為受傷后1～5 d。

二、手術方法

采用全身麻醉或者頸叢麻醉?；颊呷⊙雠P位或沙灘椅位，頭部轉向健側。切口取自喙突縱形向上延伸至鎖骨后緣的直切口，逐層切開皮膚、皮下組織，鈍性分開三角肌，剝離鎖骨骨膜，顯露肩鎖關節、鎖骨遠端和喙突基底部及內側面。沿鎖骨長軸切開三角肌和斜方肌筋膜，骨膜下分離顯露鎖骨遠端，沿三角肌和胸大肌間隙分離顯露喙突內外側緣及韌帶殘端。檢查肩鎖關節間隙，清除破裂的纖維軟骨盤。將肩鎖關節復位后，先從肩峰外側端經肩鎖關節面穿入克氏針1枚暫時固定肩鎖關節。在距離鎖骨前緣1/3處，用定位導向器鉤住喙突底面與肩鎖關節內側約3 cm 成同一矢狀面，按照導向器方向向喙突基底部打入1枚直徑1.0 mm導針，沿導針用3.5 mm空心鉆頭擴孔。用測深器測量從鎖骨表面到喙突基底部的長度，選擇適當大小的Endobutton帶袢鋼板。用鋼絲對折從上往下穿過直徑3.5 mm鎖骨隧道與喙突隧道，拉出鋼絲封閉端，剪下一段紐扣鋼板自身所帶牽引線，在袢和鋼絲間做輔助換線連接，牽拉鋼絲，將袢和紐扣鋼板自身所帶牽引線拉出喙突隧道，將牽引線脫出環線，繼續牽拉將環線拉出鎖骨隧道上口，鎖骨遠端加壓復位，向上拉出袢，將另一個不帶袢的紐扣鋼板用持針器插入袢中。先將紐扣鋼板側放，將線穿過鋼板的兩個孔，然后翻平紐扣鋼板并確保鋼板貼于喙突基底部而不滑出，將線打結收緊，使不帶袢鋼板固定于袢。剪除輔助環線，完成喙鎖韌帶錐狀韌帶部分的重建。再將紐扣鋼板所帶的線鋼絲引導下一端穿過鎖骨上另一個孔，使之平貼于鎖骨上拉緊打結，進一步加強喙鎖韌帶錐狀韌帶部分的重建。再把已縫在喙鎖韌帶的縫線收緊打結。沖洗傷口，仔細修復肩鎖關節囊，重建三角肌和斜方肌在鎖骨遠端的止點，逐層關閉切口。

三、術后處理及療效評定

術后常規抗生素預防感染24～48 h，患側予以三角巾或前臂吊帶懸吊固定1～2周，疼痛緩解后開始肩關節“鐘擺樣”擺臂鍛煉，隨后逐漸增加運動范圍，術后4周內以被動訓練為主，外展、前屈活動范圍不超過90°，術后4周以后開始行主動的肩關節前屈上舉及外展功能鍛煉，并逐漸增加活動量，以恢復肩關節功能，術后8周內應避免提拉重物。

患者術后前3個月內每月隨訪1次，以后每3個月隨訪1次。隨訪內容：肩關節正位X線片，肩關節活動范圍及肌力。末次隨訪時對患者肩關節功能進行評分，評分標準包括Constant肩關節評分系統[3]和Karlsson療效評價標準[4]。

結 果

本組21例患者均獲隨訪，時間12～36個月，平均16.2個月。所有切口均Ⅰ期愈合，無傷口感染、血管神經損傷和繼發骨折等并發癥。1例患者術后4周出現鋼板脫落和再脫位，但患者自覺肩部疼痛不明顯，肩關節活動尚可，故未予特殊處理。其他患者術后X線檢查顯示肩鎖關節均獲得解剖復位，內固定在位良好，肩關節功能活動基本恢復正常，基本無痛或輕微疼痛，療效滿意。

肩關節評分根據Constant肩關節評分系統[3]，從疼痛(15分)、日?；顒?20分)、活動范圍(40分)和肌力(25分)這四方面進行評分。本組患者肩關節末次評分為70～100分，平均92.4分，其中疼痛評分為13.3(5～15)分，日?；顒釉u分為18.1(13～20)分，活動范圍評分為37.8(28～40)分，肌力評分為23.3(15～25)分。

肩關節功能根據Karlsson療效評價標準[4]：(1)優：不痛，有正常肌力，肩關節可自由活動，X線片顯示肩鎖關節解剖復位或半脫位間隙<5 mm；(2)良：滿意，微痛，功能受限，肌力中度，肩關節活動范圍90°～180°，X線片顯示患側肩鎖關節間隙較對側大5～10 mm；(3)差：疼痛并在夜間加劇，肌力不佳，肩關節活動在任何方向皆<90°，X線片顯示肩鎖關節仍脫位。本組患者優16例(76.2%)、良4例(19.0%)、差1例(4.7%)，優良率達95.2%。

討 論

一、肩鎖關節脫位的特點

肩鎖關節脫位是一種常見的肩部運動損傷，約占整個肩部損傷的12%，約占全身關節脫位的3.2%，尤以青年男性較多，男女比例為5∶1[5]。肩鎖關節脫位受傷機制分為兩種:一種是直接暴力；另一種是間接暴力。直接暴力引起的肩鎖關節脫位最常見于肩關節處于外展、內旋位時，暴力直接作用于肩峰，造成肩鎖韌帶和喙鎖韌帶損傷。間接暴力也可導致肩鎖關節脫位，一般為上肢處于伸展位，摔倒時手部或肘部先著地，外力通過上肢傳導至肩峰及肱骨頭，肱骨頭向上移位時會致鎖骨遠端下移，進而導致肩鎖韌帶和喙鎖韌帶牽拉傷甚至斷裂，從而形成肩鎖關節脫位。Nielsen[6]觀察研究了116例發生肩鎖關節脫位損傷的患者，總結出損傷機制：當手或者肘部伸直的時候發生跌傷，肱骨頭對肩峰產生撞擊力，造成肩鎖關節損傷，最容易發生鎖骨遠端骨折或肩袖的損傷。

肩鎖關節的穩定由三部分結構維持：(1)關節囊及其增厚部分形成的肩鎖韌帶；(2)喙突至鎖骨的喙鎖韌帶；(3)附著于肩峰和鎖骨的三角肌及斜方肌。肩鎖韌帶主要維持關節水平方向的穩定，而喙鎖韌帶維持鎖骨遠端垂直方向的穩定。從生物力學分析，肩鎖關節參與肩帶活動是以胸鎖關節為軸心，鎖骨為連接軸，肩鎖韌帶作用力方向與鎖骨夾角極小，力矩?。秽规i韌帶作用方向幾乎垂直力臂，產生力矩大，因而喙鎖韌帶在維持肩鎖關節的穩定性中起更重要作用[7]。

二、肩鎖關節脫位的分型和治療

肩鎖關節脫位常用的分類方法有Tossy分型[8]和Rockwood分型[5]。Tossy分型共分為3型，主要突出影像學特點和臨床的實用性。而Rockwood分型則分為6型，分型更精確，臨床最常用。Rockwood Ⅰ、Ⅱ型肩鎖關節脫位一般采用非手術治療即可獲得滿意療效，Rockwood Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ型肩鎖關節脫位多需切開復位手術治療。而對Rockwood Ⅲ型肩鎖關節脫位的治療至今尚存很多爭議，更多的學者傾向手術治療[9]，尤其是對年輕及活動度大的患者更推薦外科手術[1]。Leidel及其同事研究表明，急性Rockwood Ⅲ型肩鎖關節脫位經克氏針臨時固定能夠取得良好的治療效果，長期隨訪療效良好[10]。

肩鎖關節脫位的手術治療應遵循以下原則：(1)解剖復位，清理關節間隙，恢復鎖骨外側端關節面的穩定；(2)修復重建韌帶及關節囊，盡可能恢復原有生物力學形態；(3)堅強內固定以達到韌帶的牢固愈合；(4)早期功能鍛煉；(5)及時移除堅強的內置物及穩定裝置，防止斷裂、松動及關節僵硬的發生。目前手術方法達30種以上，但還沒有一種公認的有效和理想的手術方案[2]。傳統的手術方式種類較多，主要有克氏針固定肩鎖關節，以拉力螺釘固定鎖骨及喙突，鎖骨遠端切除術，以自體肌腱(掌長肌腱腓骨長肌腱、髂脛束或闊筋膜等)重建喙鎖韌帶等?？耸厢樈涥P節固定會破壞關節面，易引起創傷性關節炎；而且限制了肩鎖關節的微動功能，可能導致肩鎖關節疼痛和僵硬；克氏針抗旋轉能力差，容易引起克氏針退出或斷裂，甚至發生克氏針刺破胸腔臟器等嚴重并發癥[11]。拉力螺釘固定對螺釘的位置及固定質量要求高，螺釘松動、斷裂甚至切出等并發癥較常見。另外，肩鎖關節是活動關節，前后方向存在著一定程度的微動，用螺釘及克氏針鋼絲等硬性材料固定顯然不恰當。鎖骨遠端切除術這種方法會破壞關節囊，影響肩關節生物力學平衡，損傷較大；若切除鎖骨遠端較多，三角肌附著點減少，可減弱肌力，影響患肢上舉，還容易導致Ⅱ期肩鎖關節后脫位。自體肌腱(掌長肌腱腓骨長肌腱、髂脛束或闊筋膜等)重建喙鎖韌帶的方法因手術創傷大、操作復雜，常導致肩周肌萎縮，肩關節功能受限而逐漸被淘汰。

近年來，鎖骨鉤鋼板已逐漸成為肩鎖關節脫位治療的首選，鎖骨鉤鋼板為解剖型設計，符合鎖骨的解剖“S”狀外形；肩峰下關節外安置，對肩袖及關節影響小，固定可靠。然而其也存在一定的不足[12]：(1)由于胸鎖乳突肌以及胸大肌等肌肉牽拉，鎖骨遠端活動導致鉤鋼板肩峰側在水平面和冠狀面的側方活動以及矢狀面的旋轉等活動，會在一定程度上限制肩關節外展、內旋功能；(2)鉤鋼板與鎖骨交界處由于應力集中導致肩峰端骨折、肩鎖關節周圍骨溶解等；(3)鉤鋼板可移位、脫出而導致內固定失敗，關節再次脫位；(4)肩峰撞擊，肩關節疼痛；(5)術后大部分患者有強烈要求拆除鎖骨鉤鋼板的意愿，且取板時局部組織損傷大，脫位易復發。

三、Endobutton帶袢鋼板技術的原理及優點

2007年Struhl[13]首先報道使用雙Endobutton帶袢鋼板技術重建喙鎖韌帶治療肩鎖關節完全脫位的方法，其后經許多國內學者的臨床應用及生物力學驗證，認為雙Endobutton行肩鎖關節韌帶重建臨床效果較好[14-15]。該手術用來重建喙鎖韌帶的Endobutton帶袢鋼板已成功應用于膝關節交叉韌帶重建多年[16]，兩塊紐扣鋼板通過生物強度遠高于喙鎖韌帶的不吸收的袢環在喙突與鎖骨間加壓固定，使肩鎖關節的分離應力轉換成壓應力，達到動力穩定，從而恢復肩鎖關節的解剖關系和力學平衡。 該術式有如下優點：(1)切口小，手術時間短，傷口感染等潛在并發癥風險?。?2)由于雙Endobutton鋼板操作不涉及肩袖，術后不會出現肩峰撞擊樣疼痛，所以在術后早期可進行功能鍛煉；(3)由于紐扣鋼板固定的位置離關節面遠，不損傷關節面軟骨，對肩峰和關節面無干擾，降低了創傷性關節炎的發生，有效避免了鎖骨鉤鋼板磨損肩峰下關節面而引起的骨溶解、疼痛；(4) Endobutton袢環強度大且具有一定的彈性，不同于沒有韌性的金屬內固定物，在組織解剖上更類似于喙鎖韌帶。將肩鎖關節及鎖骨固定在解剖位置上，而肩鎖關節并未堅強固定，使得肩鎖關節及喙突與鎖骨之間仍可保持一定的微動，使其更接近生理狀態；(5)Endobutton鋼板為鈦金屬，無毒，生物相容性佳，無降解，可以在體內長期存留，無需二次手術取出，減輕了患者痛苦，縮短了總住院時間，節約了費用。

四、Endobutton帶袢鋼板技術的注意事項

雖然Endobutton帶袢鋼板技術有著上述的諸多優點，但是對術者的手術技巧及經驗要求高，而且若想獲得良好的手術療效，還有以下幾個方面的問題需要注意：(1)術中若發現肩鎖關節軟骨盤損傷嚴重，應予徹底清理，避免引起創傷性關節炎而致術后疼痛；(2)骨道的定位十分關鍵，尤其是鎖骨上的位點選擇，因此鎖骨外1/3前后緣及喙突內外側緣要顯露清楚；(3)在喙突上打孔部位應選在基底根部，此處骨質堅固不易發生鋼板內陷及骨折；(4)在向喙突上鉆孔的時候，應壓低鉆頭，指向喙突基底部，方向和人體矢狀面重合，此時鉆孔的骨道長度最短，選擇最短的袢能減少復位丟失；(5)在測量鎖骨上緣至喙突基底部的距離時，一定要將鎖骨壓低至解剖復位后再測量，否則會導致測得量的距離偏長，術后遺留半脫位，影響手術效果[17]；(6)打孔時爭取一次成功，避免反復鉆孔致骨隧道過寬、離骨皮質過近，鋼板滑脫甚至喙突骨折；(7)帶袢鋼板的位置應放置恰當，如袢與鋼板不垂直，將導致袢切割喙突、鎖骨，可能會導致骨折等嚴重并發癥；(8)術后早期適當的功能鍛煉是獲得滿意療效的關鍵。有研究[18]顯示肩鎖關節和喙鎖間隙周圍的軟組織在手術后4～6周會瘢痕化，對縫合的組織和帶袢鋼板有保護的作用。所以患者應予以三角巾或前臂吊帶懸吊固定1～2周，術后4周內適當進行被動訓練，外展范圍不超過90°。術后4周以后待局部瘢痕形成，再進行主動的更大范圍的活動，在術后8周內禁止提重物。

Endobutton帶袢鋼板技術是一種非剛性的治療Rockwood Ⅲ型肩鎖關節脫位的方法，具有操作簡單、創傷小、接近解剖及生物力學復位、對關節干擾小、術后并發癥少、允許早期功能鍛煉、無需二次手術取出內固定等優點。但是該術式在臨床開展的時間尚短，病例數較少，隨訪時間不長，且缺乏一個對照組比較，遠期療效和并發癥尚需進一步觀察和探討。

典型病例：張某，男性,23歲，跑步時摔傷致Rockwood Ⅲ型肩鎖關節脫位，外傷后8 h入院，無血管神經癥狀，傷后2 d應用Endobutton帶袢鋼板技術治療(圖1～4)。

[1] Law KY,Yung SH,Ho PY,et al.Coracoclavicular ligament Reconstruction using a gracilis tendon graft for acute type Ⅲ acromioclavicular dislocation[J].J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong),2007,15(3):315-318.

[2] Shin SJ,Yun YH,Yoo JD.Coracoclavicular ligament Reconstruction for a cromioclavicular dislocation using 2 suture anchors and coracoacromial ligament transfer[J].Am J Sports Med,2009,37(2):346-351.

[3] Constant CR,Murley AH.A clinical method of functional assessment of the shoulder[J].Clin Orthop Relat Res,1987(214):160-164.

[4] Karlsson J,Arnarson H,Sigurjónsson K.Acromioclavicular dislocations treated by coravacromial ligament transfer[J].Arch Orthop Trauma Surg,1986,106(1):8-11.

[5] Bucholz RW,Heckman JD.Rockwood and Green′s Fractures in Adults[M].5 th ed.Philadelphia,pa:Lippincott Williams&Wilkins,2001:210-244.

[6] Nielsen WB.Injury to the acromioclavicular joint[J].J Bone Joint Surg Br,1963,45:207.

[7] Meda PV,Machani B,Sinopidis C,et al.Clavicular hook plate for lateral end fractures:-a prospective study[J].Injury,2006,37(3):277-283.

[8] Tossy JD,Mead NC,Sigmond HM.Acromioclavicular separations:useful and practical classification for treatment[J].Clin Orthop Relat Res,1963,28:111-119.

[9] 章良忠，吳恙.鎖骨鉤鋼板治療Ⅲ 型肩鎖關節脫位[J].臨床骨科雜志,2009,12(3):349-349.

[10] Leidel BA,Braunstein V,Kirchhoff CA,et al.Consistency of Long-Term outcome of acute rockwood grade Ⅲ acromioclavicular joint separations after K-Wire transfixation[J].J Trauma,2009,66(6):1666-1671.

圖1 術前X線片示肩鎖關節完全分離 圖2 術后X線片示肩鎖關節間隙恢復正常 圖3 術后3個月X線片示肩鎖關節間隙正常 圖4 術后3個月肩關節功能基本完全恢復

[11] Mcconnell AJ,Yoo DJ,Zdero R,et al.Methods of operative fixation of the acromio-clavicular joint:a biomechanical comparison[J].J Orthop Trauma,2007,21(4):248-253.

[12] Koukakis A,Manouras A,Apostolou CD,et al.Results using the AO hook plate for dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint[J].Expert Rev Med Devices,2008,5(5):567-572.

[13] Struhl S.Double endobutton technique for repair of complete acromioclavicular joint dislocations[J].Tech Shoulder Elbow Surg,2007,8(4):175-179.

[14] 陳剛，龔遂良，范國明，等.雙帶袢內置紐扣鋼板重建固定技術治療完全性肩鎖關節脫位10例[J].中華創傷雜志，2010，26(5)：446-448.

[15] 鄭玉晨，姜洪豐，王敬博，等.兩種術式治療Rockwood Ⅲ型肩鎖關節脫位效果的對比研究[J].哈爾濱醫科大學學報，2012，46(1)：66-69.

[16] Lind M,Feller J,Webster KE.Bone tunnel widening after anterior cruciate ligament recon-struction using Endobutton or Endobutton continuous loop[J].Arthroscopy,2009,25(11):1275-1280.

[17] 巢玉柳，卞敏凱，趙愛民，等.雙Endobutton帶袢鋼板內固定術治療TossyⅢ型肩鎖關節脫位效果觀察[J].山東醫藥，2012，52(18)：69-71.

[18] Grutter PW,Petersen S.Anatomical acromioclavicular ligament Reconstruction:a bio-mechanical comparison of reconstructive techniques of the acromioclavicular joint[J].Am J Sports Med,2005,33(11):1723-1728.

(本文編輯：李靜)

宋哲，張堃，朱養均，等.應用Endobutton帶袢鋼板技術治療RockwoodⅢ型肩鎖關節脫位[J/CD].中華肩肘外科電子雜志,2015,3(1):18-23.

Treatment of Rockwood type Ⅲ acromioclavicular joint dislocation with endobutton technique

SongZhe,ZhangKun,ZhuYangjun,LiZhong,ZhuangYan,WeiWei,YangNa.

DepartmentofTraumaticOrthopaedics，Xi′anHonghuiHospital,Xi′an710054,China

ZhangKun,Email：hhyyzk@126.com

Background Acromioclavicular joint dislocation is a common injury which often occurs in heavy manual workers and young athletes.It is usually caused by collision of the shoulder on the ground.Acromioclavicular joint dislocation of Rockwood type Ⅲ often needs surgical treatment.There are several kinds of operation methods reported in the literature,but no universally accepted technique exists.From June 2010 to June 2013,21 patients of Rockwood type Ⅲ acromioclavicular joint dislocation were treated with Endobutton technique in our hospital,shoulder functional and radiological evaluations were performed and the outcome is encouraging.Methods (1)General information：Twenty-one patients were included in this study.Patients were 14 males and 7 females.Nine cases were on the left side and 12 cases were on the right side.The age ranged from 19 to 52 with an average of 31.2 years.The causes were traffic injury in 8 cases,fall damage in 9 cases,sports injury in 2 cases and heavy object hit injury in 2 cases.All patients were diagnosed as acromioclavicular joint dislocation of Rockwood type Ⅲ without clavicle fracture,multiple fractures,closed chest injury and cerebral injury.The clinical presentations included pain over the lateral side of clavicle with its distal end protruding upward,tenderness and a feeling of floating; X-ray examinations revealed that the distal clavicle was higher than the acromion.21 cases were all fresh dislocations without neurovascular injuries; The operation time was 1-5 days after injury.(2)Operation method：After successful general anesthesia or cervical plexus block,the patient was in supine or “beach chair” position with head turned to the uninjured side.The straight incision was extended longitudinally from coracoid upward to the posterior edge of clavicle.The skin and subcutaneous tissue was incised layer by layer.The deltoid muscle was bluntly separated and the periosteum was stripped to expose acromioclavicular joint,distal clavicle and coracoid.The fascias of deltoid muscle and trapezius muscle were divided along the long axis of clavicle and the periosteum was stripped to expose the distal clavicle.The interal between deltoid and pectoralis major muscle was opened and the medial and lateral boarders of coracoid was prepared.The residual coraco-clavicle ligament was reserved.The articular space of acromioclavicular joint was examined and the ruptured fibrous cartilage disc was removed.After reduction of acromioclavicular joint,one Kirschner wire was drilled through the articular surface from the lateral end of acromion to provisionally keep the joint in place.A 1.0 mm guide pin was drilled from distal clavicle into the base of coracoid perpendicularly,3.5 mm canulated drill bit drilled a bone tunnel along the guiding pin.The distance from the surface of clavicle to the base of coracoid was measured with depth scale.The Endobutton was selected properly.A shuttle wire was used to pull the button loop out of clavicle and left the button under coracoid.The distal clavicle was reduced with compression.The loop was pulled upward and the other Endobutton without loop was put into the loop with acutenaculum.First,the Endobutton was laid on its side with sutures pierced through its two holes.Then the Endobutton was laid flat and made sure to attach to the base of coracoid without sliding.The sutures were tightened and knotted to make the Endobutton without loop fixed on the loop.The reconstruction of conoid ligament was finished.Then the suture on the coracoclavicular ligament was tightened and knotted.The wound was irrigated.The acromioclavicular joint capsule was repaired and the deltoid and trapezius muscle were reconstructed at the distal clavicle.The incision was closed layer by layer.(3)Post-operative management and outcome evaluation：Antibiotics were given to prevent infection for 24-48 hours.The shoulder was protected by a sling for 1-2 weeks.Pendulum exercise began after pain relief and the range of motion increased gradually.Only passive motion was permitted in the first 4 weeks and shoulder abduction or anteflexion was limited within 90°.Active motion including anteflexion,elevation and abduction began 4 weeks later.Lifting heavy objects should be avoided within 8 weeks after operation.Postoperative follow-up took place once a month in the first 3 months and then once every 3 months.Anteroposterior X-ray films,range of motion and muscle strength were included in the follow-up.The shoulder function was assessed at the last follow-up according to Constant-Murley score and Karlsson postoperative efficacy grading score.Results Twenty-one patients of this study were followed up for 12-36 months with a mean time of 16.2 months.All the incisions healed without any complication.Infection,neurovascular damage and secondary fracture were not occurred.One patient had plate sliding and redislocation without obvious pain.His shoulder had good activity and therefore he

no treatment.X-ray films revealed anatomical reduction and good internal fixation of acromioclavicular joint in other patients.Their shoulder joints restored normal activities with no or slight pain and the outcome were satisfactory.The shoulder function was assessed according to Constant score which was classified as pain (15 scores),daily activity (20 scores),range of motion (40 scores) and muscle strength (25 scores).The last scores of patients in this group were 70-100 with an average of 92.4,including pain 13.3(5-15),daily activity 18.1(13-20),range of motion 37.8(28-40) and muscle strength 23.3(15-25).The shoulder function was classified according to Karlsson evaluation criteria as follows:Excellent:painlessness,normal muscle strength,free activity and X-ray films revealed anatomical reduction of acromioclavicular joint or less than 5 mm of subluxation; Good:satisfaction,mild pain,dysfunction,medium muscle strength,90°-180°of range of motion and X-ray films revealed acromioclavicular joint dislocation; Bad:pain intensified at night,poor muscle strength,activity of shoulder joint was less than 90° in any direction and X-ray films revealed acromioclavicular joint dislocation.This group had 16 excellent cases (76.2%),4 good cases (19%) and 1 poor case (4.7%).The excellent and good rate was 95.2%.Conclusion Endobutton technique is a nonrigid method for the treatment of Rockwood type Ⅲ acromioclavicular joint dislocation with good outcome.This technique has some advantages such as simple operation,minimal invasive,anatomical and biomechanical reduction,little interference to the joint,less postoperative complications,early functional training,no necessity of reoperation for implant removal,etc.

Acromioclavicular joint;Dislocation;Endobutton technique

10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5790.2015.01.005

省科技廳自然基金(2012JM4024)

710054西安市紅會醫院創傷骨科

張堃，Email：hhyyzk@126.com

2014-06-13)