吳 娟
·論著·
孟魯司特聯合噻托溴銨對慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能、免疫功能及炎性因子的影響研究
吳 娟

肺疾病,慢性阻塞性;免疫調節;炎癥趨化因子類;孟魯斯特;噻托溴銨
吳娟.孟魯司特聯合噻托溴銨對慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能、免疫功能及炎性因子的影響研究[J].實用心腦肺血管病雜志,2016,24(12):49-54.[www.syxnf.net]
WU J.Influence of montelukast combined with tiotropium bromide on pulmonary function,immune function and inflammatory cytokines of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2016,24(12):49-54.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是一種慢性呼吸系統疾病,多發于老年人;COPD發病率、病死率均較高,嚴重影響患者生活質量和生命安全[1-2]。COPD本質上是氣道、肺實質和肺血管慢性炎性反應,臨床以抗炎治療為主。吸入性糖皮質激素是治療COPD的常用抗炎藥物,但易導致口腔真菌感染及肺炎等[3]。阮軍等[4]研究表明,支氣管擴張劑可選擇性激動支氣管平滑肌上的β2受體而松弛平滑肌,繼而緩解支氣管痙攣及咳嗽、哮喘癥狀,但其整體治療效果并不十分理想。有研究表明,孟魯司特對半胱氨酰白三烯受體1(CysLT1)有高度的親和性和選擇性,可抑制白三烯C4(LTC4)、白三烯D4(LTD4)、白三烯E4(LTE4)與CysLT1受體的結合,且無任何受體激動活性,有利于維持COPD患者相關炎性因子平衡[5]。噻托溴銨作為長效支氣管擴張劑,可有效減輕COPD患者呼吸困難等臨床癥狀,改善患者肺功能并提高患者生活質量[6]。本研究旨在探討孟魯斯特聯合噻托溴銨對COPD患者肺功能、免疫功能及炎性因子的影響,現報道如下。
1.1 納入及排除標準 納入標準:(1)符合中華醫學會呼吸病學分會慢性阻塞性肺疾病學組制定的“慢性阻塞性肺疾病診治指南(2013年修訂版)”中的COPD診斷標準[7];(2)年齡30~75歲。排除標準:(1)伴有精神疾病或存在認知障礙患者;(2)存在肝腎功能嚴重損傷患者;(3)對本研究所用藥物過敏患者;(4)近3個月內曾接受過糖皮質激素類藥物治療患者;(5)既往有肺切除術史患者;(6)無法配合完成本研究患者。
1.2 一般資料 選取廣西壯族自治區南溪山醫院2012年5月—2015年5月收治的COPD患者160例,采用隨機數字表法分為對照組、A組、B組和C組,每組40例。對照組中男29例,女11例;年齡30~74歲,平均年齡(59.5±10.6)歲。A組中男29例,女11例;年齡32~74歲,平均年齡(60.2±10.1)歲。B組中男28例,女12例;年齡31~73歲,平均年齡(58.7±10.9)歲。C組中男27例,女13例;年齡33~75歲,平均年齡(59.3±11.2)歲。4組患者性別(χ2=0.331)、年齡(F=1.92)比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究經醫院倫理委員會審核批準,患者及其家屬均知情同意并簽署知情同意書。
1.3 方法 對照組患者給予常規治療,即予以抗生素治療,哮喘嚴重患者在低流量持續吸氧同時給予止咳藥〔按需給予硫酸沙丁胺醇(Glaxo Wellcome S.A生產,國藥準字J20110040)霧化吸入治療,0.1~0.2 mg/次,1次/6 h,治療15 d后若患者肺部哮鳴音仍未減輕、肺功能未見明顯改善則酌情重復吸入硫酸沙丁胺醇0.1 mg/次,1次/4 h,但重復吸入次數要≤8次/d〕。在常規治療基礎上,A組患者給予孟魯司特片(Merck Sharp Dohme Ltd生產,國藥準字J20070058)口服,10 mg/次,1次/d;B組患者給予噻托溴銨霧化吸入(浙江仙琚制藥股份有限公司生產;國藥準字H200902279),18 μg/次,1次/d;C組患者給予孟魯司特片口服聯合噻托溴銨霧化吸入,用法、用量與A、B組相同。4組患者均連續治療3個月。


2.1 肺功能指標 治療前4組患者FEV1%和FEV1/FVC比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。治療后4組患者FEV1%和FEV1/FVC比較,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);其中A、B、C組患者FEV1%和FEV1/FVC高于對照組,C組患者FEV1%和FEV1/FVC高于A、B組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。A、B、C組患者治療后FEV1%和FEV1/FVC高于治療前,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05),而對照組患者治療前后FEV1%和FEV1/FVC比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05,見表1)。
2.2 6分鐘步行距離和Borg評分 治療前4組患者6分鐘步行距離和Borg評分比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。治療后4組患者6分鐘步行距離和Borg評分比較,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);其中A、B、C組患者6分鐘步行距離長于對照組,Borg評分低于對照組,C組患者6分鐘步行距離長于A、B組,Borg評分低于A、B組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。A、B、C組患者治療后6分鐘步行距離長于治療前,Borg評分低于治療前,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05),而對照組患者治療前后6分鐘步行距離和Borg評分比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05,見表2)。
2.4 血清炎性因子水平 治療前4組患者血清IL-6、CRP和APN水平比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。治療后4組患者血清IL-6、CRP和APN水平比較,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);其中A、B、C組患者血清IL-6、CRP、APN水平低于對照組,C組患者血清IL-6、CRP、APN水平低于A、B組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。4組患者治療后血清IL-6、CRP、APN水平低于治療前,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05,見表4)。

表1 4組患者治療前后肺功能指標比較
注:FEV1%=第1秒用力呼氣容積占預計值百分比,FEV1/FVC=第1秒用力呼氣容積與用力肺活量比值;與對照組比較,aP<0.05;與A組比較,bP<0.05;與B組比較,cP<0.05

表2 4組患者治療前后6分鐘步行距離和Borg評分比較
注:Borg=伯格呼吸困難評分量表;與對照組比較,aP<0.05;與A組比較,bP<0.05;與B組比較,cP<0.05

表3 4組患者治療前后免疫功能指標比較
注:與對照組比較,aP<0.05;與A組比較,bP<0.05;與B組比較,cP<0.05

Table 4 Comparison of serum inflammatory cytokines levels among the four groups before and after treatment

組別例數IL-6(ng/L)治療前治療后差值t值P值對照組406.32±1.075.64±0.870.40±0.113.120.00A組406.32±0.685.10±1.08a0.97±0.246.050.00B組406.21±0.745.22±1.03a0.83±0.214.940.00C組406.43±0.624.10±1.12abc1.58±0.4111.670.00F值2.106.34P值0.640.00組別CRP(mg/L)治療前治療后差值t值P值對照組6.95±0.965.61±1.020.94±0.216.050.00A組6.99±0.994.46±0.69a1.92±0.4613.260.00B組7.05±0.874.88±0.92a2.01±0.5210.840.00C組7.12±0.883.58±0.81abc3.07±0.7718.720.00F值1.947.01P值0.830.00組別APN(mg/L)治療前治療后差值t值P值對照組9.85±0.598.89±1.020.63±0.145.150.00A組9.79±0.648.51±1.09a1.13±0.306.410.00B組9.84±0.578.59±1.10a1.06±0.286.380.00C組9.82±0.627.81±1.12abc1.52±0.439.930.00F值1.796.24P值0.870.00
注:IL-6=白介素6,CRP=C反應蛋白,APN=脂聯素。與對照組比較,aP<0.05;與A組比較,bP<0.05;與B 組比較,cP<0.05
2.5 不良反應發生情況 治療期間,B組患者出現口干2例,C組患者出現口干4例,均能耐受;4組患者均未出現嚴重不良反應。
COPD為呼吸系統常見病之一,好發于中老年人群,其主要發病機制為多種炎性因子引起氣道變態反應,進而導致慢性氣道炎癥[9],主要表現為進行性發展的氣道呼吸氣流受限。目前,臨床多采用β2-受體激動劑或特異性抗膽堿藥物治療COPD,其可有效擴張支氣管并緩解哮喘等臨床癥狀。本研究旨在探討孟魯司特聯合噻托溴銨對COPD患者肺功能、免疫功能及炎性因子的影響,為臨床有效治療COPD提供參考。
孟魯司特屬白三烯受體拮抗劑,可有效阻斷白三烯的生物學效應,抑制氣道炎性細胞增殖及聚集,促進白細胞凋亡,可有效改善COPD患者肺功能并降低COPD急性發作頻率[10]。噻托溴銨是一種支氣管擴張劑,可選擇性阻斷COPD患者氣道平滑肌M受體,且作用時間可長達24 h,具有擴張支氣管作用。此外,噻托溴銨不良反應的發生風險較低,安全性較高,多數患者可堅持規律使用[11]。
白三烯B4(LTB4)為強效炎性遞質,是由淋巴細胞、中性粒細胞等多種炎性細胞分泌的趨化因子之一。王曉晟等[12]研究表明,LTB4參與了氣道炎性細胞聚集、活化,與COPD的發生發展密切相關,其可通過促進相關腺體分泌和支氣管平滑肌收縮、增加血管通透性而加重炎性反應。孟魯司特具有類似毒蕈堿受體亞型M1~M5的親和力,可通過抑制支氣管平滑肌M3受體而發揮擴張支氣管作用,且其對CysLT1受體具有高度親和性和選擇性,可對白三烯受體產生拮抗作用,有利于抑制氣道炎性細胞增殖并促進白細胞凋亡。TSOUMAKIDOU等[13]研究表明,Th1/Th2細胞失衡與COPD的發生和發展密切相關。IL-6主要由Th2細胞分泌產生,參與體液免疫細胞的增殖、分化,與COPD患者氣流受限密切相關[14],因此臨床常將IL-6作為衡量COPD患者Th1/Th2細胞是否失衡的主要指標[15]。CRP是一種炎性反應急性時相蛋白,是反映COPD患者炎性反應的主要指標。APN為脂肪細胞分泌的蛋白,主要參與機體糖代謝與脂代謝。ORABY等[16]研究表明,COPD患者常出現氣流受限、體質指數降低和骨骼肌耗損現象,可導致患者出現活動受限等,嚴重影響患者的生活質量。
FEV1%是綜合評估患者肺通氣功能、氣道阻塞程度、氣道反應及肺功能的主要指標[17]。本研究結果顯示,治療后A、B、C組患者FEV1%和FEV1/FVC高于對照組、治療前,6分鐘步行距離長于對照組、治療前,Borg評分低于對照組、治療前;C組患者FEV1%和FEV1/FVC高于A、B組,6分鐘步行距離長于A、B組,Borg評分低于A、B組,表明孟魯司特聯合噻托溴銨可有效改善COPD患者肺功能,緩解患者臨床癥狀,促進患者康復,與糜曉光[18]研究結果一致。孟魯司特與噻托溴銨的藥理作用機制不同,兩種藥物聯用具有協同作用,可有效改善COPD患者肺功能、免疫功能并降低血清炎性因子水平。本研究結果還顯示,4組患者治療期間均未出現嚴重不良反應,表明孟魯司特聯合噻托溴銨治療COPD的安全性較高。
綜上所述,孟魯司特聯合噻托溴銨可有效改善COPD患者肺功能和免疫功能,減輕患者炎性反應,且安全性較高,有利于促進患者康復,值得臨床推廣應用。但本研究樣本量較小,仍需在今后的研究中進一步擴大樣本量進行深入探討。
本文無利益沖突。
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(本文編輯:李越娜)
Influence of Montelukast Combined with Tiotropium Bromide on Pulmonary Function,Immune Function and Inflammatory Cytokines of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
WUJuan.
NanxiMountainHospitalofGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion,Guilin541002,China
Objective To explore the influence of montelukast combined with tiotropium bromide on pulmonary function,immune function and inflammatory cytokines of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods A total of 160 patients with COPD were selected in Nanxi Mountain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from May 2012 to May 2015,and they were divided into control group,A group,B group and C group,each of 40 cases.Patients of control group received conventional treatment,patients of A group received oral montelukast tablets,patients of B group received aerosol inhalation of tiotropium bromide,while patients of C group received oral montelukast tablets combined with aerosol inhalation of tiotropium bromide;all of the four groups continuously treated for 3 months.Index of pulmonary function(including FEV1% and FEV1/FVC),6-minute walking distance,Borg score,T-lymphocyte subsets(CD+3cell percentage,CD+4cell percentage,CD+8cell percentage and CD+4/CD+8cell ratio)and serum inflammatory cytokines(including IL-6,CRP and APN)levels before and after treatment were compared among the four groups,incidence of adverse reactions during the treatment was observed.Results No statistically significant differences of FEV1% or FEV1/FVC was found among the four groups before treatment(P>0.05);after treatment,FEV1% and FEV1/FVC of A group,B group and C group were statistically significantly higher than those of control group and those before treatment,FEV1% and FEV1/FVC of C group were statistically significantly higher than those of A group and B group(P<0.05),while no statistically significant differences of FEV1% or FEV1/FVC of control group was found compared with those before treatment(P>0.05).No statistically significant differences of 6-minute walking distance or Borg score was found among the four groups before treatment(P>0.05);after treatment,6-minute walking distance of A group,B group and C group was statistically significantly longer than that of control group and that before treatment,Borg score of A group,B group and C group was statistically significantly lower than that of control group and that before treatment,6-minute walking distance of C group was statistically significantly longer than that of A group and B group,respectively,Borg score of C group was statistically significantly lower than that of A group and B group,respectively(P<0.05),while no statistically significant differences of 6-minute walking distance or Borg score of control group was found compared with those before treatment(P>0.05).No statistically significant differences of CD+3cell percentage,CD+4cell percentage,CD+8cell percentage or CD+4/CD+8cell ratio was found among the four groups before treatment(P>0.05);after treatment,CD+3cell percentage,CD+4cell percentage,CD+8cell percentage and CD+4/CD+8cell ratio of A group,B group and C group were statistically significantly higher than those of control group and those before treatment,CD+3cell percentage,CD+4cell percentage,CD+8cell percentage and CD+4/CD+8cell ratio of C group were statistically significantly higher than those of A group and B group(P<0.05),while no statistically significant differences of CD+3cell percentage,CD+4cell percentage,CD+8cell percentage or CD+4/CD+8cell ratio of control group was found compared with those before treatment(P>0.05).No statistically significant differences of serum level of IL-6,CRP or APN was found among the four groups before treatment(P>0.05);after treatment,serum levels of IL-6,CRP and APN of A group,B group and C group were statistically significantly lower than those of control group and those before treatment,serum levels of IL-6,CRP and APN of C group were statistically significantly lower than those of A group and B group,serum levels of IL-6,CRP and APN of control group were statistically significantly higher than those before treatment(P<0.05).No one of the four groups occurred any serious adverse reactions during the treatment.Conclusion Montelukast combined with tiotropium bromide can effectively improve the pulmonary function and immune function,relive the inflammatory reaction of patients with COPD,is safe and helpful to promote the recovery.
Pulmonary disease,chronic obstructive;Immunomodulation;Chemokines;Montelukast;Tiotropium bromide
541002廣西壯族自治區桂林市,廣西壯族自治區南溪山醫院
R 563.9
A
10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2016.12.013
2016-08-23;
2016-11-13)