“最好的作品”與可持續性

張利

“最好的作品”與可持續性

張利

總有人說：最好的作品是未完成的作品。相比于授予建筑師的普利茲克建筑獎，授予建筑作品的阿卡汗獎，豪瑞可持續建筑獎（現已更名為拉法基豪瑞獎）有著特殊的地位——它授予尚未建成的設計方案，其評審的出發點是該方案的可持續性。

經過了12年4屆的評獎，豪瑞獎所推崇的探索可持續建筑的5項標準經得起推敲與時間考驗。這5項標準是創新與可轉移性——進步、道德標準與社會包容——人、資源與環境表現——地球、經濟可行性與兼容性——繁榮、環境與審美效果——地點。

標準的制定得益于與拉法基豪瑞基金會合作的院校，學者們并未把可持續定義在狹義的范圍里，而是兼顧到建筑項目所能持續發揮作用的各個層面。依據這5項標準所評選出的獲獎作品在世界各地得到實施之后均獲得很高評價并持續發揮著作用。

本期我們收錄了18個項目，包含：具有典型性的公共設施設計探索，有位于斯圖加特這樣的城市的火車站，也有位于岡多村中的磚石學校；多種類型對社區的改造與更新的嘗試，從貧民窟到農莊，從歷史錯綜的氏族聚落到城郊的農村；對于基礎設施再利用的創造性設計，設計者將無法發揮作用的公共設施改為音樂學校、公園，試圖以小規模的措施恢復古河活力，將防洪設施與日常公共服務結合；還能看到致力于減少浪費與降低建筑成本的驚人的建議，在材料與模具方面創造性的運用令人眼前一亮，等等。

每一項作品，設計者面對的都是復雜的現實問題。我們能夠強烈地感受到他們對這些項目的熱忱與執著，感受到他們心懷對未來的強烈期待、使命感與責任感，以及其中超越對經濟收益、個人成就預期的讓建筑真正服務于人的愿望。這正是從事建筑與城市設計者本應具有的出發點。

豪瑞獎在中國具有特殊的意義，它一直堅持表達對中國城鎮化、歷史價值詮釋以及社區更新的關注。第一屆豪瑞獎亞太區金獎授予常青教授的杭州來氏聚落再生設計，第二屆豪瑞獎全球銅獎授予張悅教授團隊的鄉村社區可持續規劃設計，都是這方面的例證。我們期待拉法基豪瑞獎所代表的廣義可持續性價值觀繼續關注與肯定在中國發生的影響與改變世界最多人口的建筑實踐。

刊載項目中，仍有一部分至今尚未建成。往往在建筑與城市規劃這一領域，許多懷著理想與抱負的美好設想因為實現過程中多種問題與無奈無法最終得以實現，而豪瑞獎給了這些方案一次機會，讓人們可以看到設計者的“初衷”。

感謝拉法基豪瑞基金會與拉法基豪瑞中國在本刊制作中給予的支持。

People tend to say that the best project is the one still uncompleted. In contrast to the established architect awards like the Pritzker Award and the Aga Khan Award for Architecture, the Holcim Awards for Sustainable Construction (now officially the LafargeHolcim Awards) are given to uncompleted projects, at least uncompleted yet. The sole value of these awards is one unmistakable word: sustainability.

With their four cycles' (twelve years') worth of running, what the Holcim Awards have are 5 criteria tried and tested: Innovation and transferability –Progress, Ethical standards and social inclusion –People, Resource and environmental performance – Planet, Economic viability and compatibility –Prosperity, Contextual and aesthetic impact – Place.

These criteria owe substantially to the minds from the schools working with LafargeHolcim. These minds have rejected to interpret sustainability as a narrow technological subject. On the contrary, they have incorporated almost all aspects of architecture on which sustainability may be taken care of. Winning projects selected from all around the globe based upon these criteria have made convincing examples of broader sustainability since their completion. This in turn has given the Holcim Awards more and more prestige.

We are publishing 18 projects in this issue, including: experiments in typical public facilities, such as the main station of Stuttgart, the secondary school in Gando, Burkina Faso; diverse attempts in community making and regenerating, from clan’s settlements of complex history to rural areas on the outskirt of major cities; creative reuse of infrastructure, such as the renovation of abandoned facilities into a music school and parks, giving vividness to an old river with design intervention, and the combination of daily public use with flood infrastructure; radical proposals of construction cost reduction, with eye-opening use of materials and molds.

In each project, the designer faces a series of complicated problems. In each project, we see and feel the designer's passion and perseverance, the genuine aspiration of making architecture work for people, and the fact that such determination and responsibility far exceeds any personal desire for money or fame.

The Holcim Awards have unique meanings to China. Through their twelve years, the Holcim Awards have maintained the keen eyes on Chinese urbanisation, historical reinterpretation, and community regeneration. In the 1st Awards cycle, the Asia-Pacific Gold was awarded to Prof. CHANG Qing's "Design for a Clan Settlement's Regeneration". In the 2nd cycle, the Global Bronze was awarded to Prof. ZHANG Yue's "Sustainable Planning for a Rural Community". Both projects provide solid proof of the broad sustainable approach which the Holcim Awards advocate. We watch the coming LafargeHolcim Awards cycles with great curiosity, wishing that the innovative experiments related to the world's largest population base to be honoured more.

A number of the projects published in this issue are yet to be built. This is the known story of architecture that for whatever reasons, occasionally, it takes painfully long time to realise truly beautiful ideas. Without the Holcim Awards, we couldn't have given these fantastic designs such exposure.

Our thanks to LafargeHolcim Foundation and LafargeHolcim China, whose support makes this issue possible.

"The Best Project" and Sustainability

ZHANG Li

清華大學建筑學院/《世界建筑》

2016-12-11