可持續建筑的評價標準

可持續建筑的評價標準

"Target Issues" for Sustainable Construction

拉法基豪瑞基金會確立的可持續建筑的5項評價指標對建筑在可持續發展中的作用進行量化評價。拉法基豪瑞可持續建筑基金會堅持可持續基本原則，主張建成環境的長期發展，要求制定負責任的經濟、生態和社會議程，并做到相互平衡與協調。

為實現這一目標，拉法基豪瑞基金會及其合作大學確定了下述5項評價指標，旨在明確為后代保護人類棲居地的原則。 這些指標是對提交參加拉法基豪瑞獎的項目的遴選標準，也是基金會其他相關活動的路線圖。

1 創新與可轉移性——進步：

項目必須展現出可持續發展的創新方法，能夠推動實踐和探索新的學科前沿。突破和創造潮流的發現必須可以轉移到其他應用。

·關于設計、材料和方法的集成、結構、圍墻和機械系統的創新概念；

·對建筑技術和建造工藝、建筑運行和維護的杰出貢獻；

·建筑學、城市與景觀設計、民用、城市和環境工程、以及建成環境涉及的其他專業領域的進步；

·評估實現期望與目標的長期監測方法；

·傳播知識，包括項目文件編制、溝通、宣傳和培訓。

2 道德標準與社會包容——人：

項目必須在建筑的各個階段，從規劃、建造到使用和維護，堅守最高的道德標準，促進社會包容；確保為社區帶去長久的積極影響。推薦的項目必須證明它們如何增強社區團結。

·在項目的各個階段堅守道德標準；

·利于形成社會環境、增強共同價值觀和社區賦能；

·利益相關人的參與，包括用戶、客戶、當地政府和非政府組織；

·建筑行業工作條件（包括現場）的質量；特別關注公平薪酬、福利、安全和性別平等；

·政治透明度、公平流程與堅持有原則的互動和公正行為，目的是預防各級腐敗。

3 資源與環境表現——地球：

項目必須在整個生命周期中展現出對自然資源的合理利用與管理。長期環境問題，特別是與存貨、原料流動和能源有關的環境問題，應成為設計理念不可分割的一部分。

·將項目的生態足跡降至最小，將項目對環境的積極影響最大化；減少項目危害，增加項目效益；

·具有環保意識的土地使用戰略和保護自然景觀的政策，同時考慮到水土改良；

·重視建筑可再生能源的使用和建成建筑的使用與維護，減少CO2的排放和避免毒害；

·在建筑中創新使用原料資源，強調可持續發展理念，發掘現有的存量建筑和減少垃圾；

·有彈性的產品、穩健的建筑細節、建筑系統的智能交互與環保技術。

4 經濟可行性與兼容性——繁榮：

項目必須具有經濟可行性，能夠獲得融資（包括政府、商業或優惠貸款），并對社會和環境帶來積極影響。避免浪費材料資源，建筑的經濟效益得到提高。

·資金來源和利潤必須合法、透明；

·項目應包含生命周期間的運營費用，并且產生不錯的回報率；

·將項目融入當地、地區和全球資金流更廣泛的經濟框架中；

·展現出靈活性，能夠適應未來用戶需求、所有權關系、法律、法規和經濟波動的變化；

·追求穩健的經濟模式，從一開始就考慮到昂貴的外部成本。

5 環境與審美效果——地點：

項目必須傳遞出高標準的建筑質量并具有文化表現力。空間、外形和審美效果，設計的材料表現必須長期對物理和人文環境產生積極的作用。

·根據自然和建成環境改善現有的環境條件；

·景觀、基礎設施、城市結構和建筑的相互依賴；

·通過恢復、重復使用和重塑建成環境與特定建筑群很好地匹配；

·在使用、多功能性、短期靈活性和長期適應性方面有發明創造；

·建筑質量和審美效果，特別是在空間、空間序列、動態感、材料觸感、光線和氛圍方面。

The five "target issues" defined by the LafargeHolcim Foundation quantify the degree to which buildings contribute to sustainable development. The LafargeHolcim Foundation for Sustainable Construction is committed to the underlying principles of sustainability, which assert that long-term development of the built environment requires a balanced interplay of responsible economic, ecological, and social agendas.

To achieve this objective, the LafargeHolcim Foundation and its partner universities have identified five "target issues" that aim to clarify principles for sustaining the human habitat for future generations. These "target issues" serve as criteria for projects submitted for the LafargeHolcim Awards and as a road map for other related activities of the Foundation.

1 Innovation and transferability – Progress:

Projects must demonstrate innovative approaches to sustainable development, pushing the envelope of practice and exploring new disciplinary frontiers. Breakthroughs and trend-setting discoveries must be transferable to a range of other applications.

· Innovative concepts regarding design, integration of materials and methods, structure, enclosure and mechanical systems.

· Outstanding contributions to construction technologies and building processes, operation and maintenance.

· Advancements in the disciplines of architecture, urban and landscape design, civil, urban and environmental engineering, and other fields involved in the production of the built environment.

· Long-term monitoring methods to evaluate whether expectations and goals have been met.

· Dissemination of knowledge, including project documentation, communication, education and training.

2 Ethical standards and social inclusion – People:

Projects must adhere to the highest ethical standards and promote social inclusion at all stages of construction, from planning and building to use and servicing; to ensure an enduring positive impact on communities. Proposals must demonstrate how they enhance the collective realm.

· Adherence to ethical standards in all phases of the project.

· Contributions to the formation of socially-viable environments, strengthening of shared values and empowerment of communities.

· Participation of stakeholders, including users, clients, neighborhood affiliations, local authorities and non-governmental organizations.

· Quality of working conditions in the construction industry and including on site; with specific attention given to fair compensation, adequate benefits, safety and gender equality.

· Political transparency, unbiased processes and commitment to principled interaction, just practices, all in the effort to prevent corruption at every level.

3 Resource and environmental performance –Planet:

Projects must exhibit a sensible use and management of natural resources throughout their entire life cycle. Long-term environmental concerns, especially pertaining to stocks and flows of material and energy, should be an integral part of the design philosophy.

· Minimizing a project's ecological footprint and maximizing its positive impact on the environment; reduction of harm and increase of beneficial effects.

· Environmentally-conscious land use strategies and policies that preserve the natural landscape, while taking water and land reclamation into account.

· Emphasis placed on the use of renewable energy in construction, use and upkeep of the built fabric to reduce CO2emissions and avoid toxicity.

· Innovative deployment of material resources in construction with an emphasis on cradle to cradle cycles, mining existing building stocks and reduction of waste.

· Resilient products, robust construction details, smart interaction of building systems and environmentally sound technologies.

4 Economic viability and compatibility –Prosperity:

Projects must be economically feasible and able to secure financing – whether from public, commercial, or concessional sources – while having a positive impact on society and the environment. Avoiding the wasteful consumption of material resources, an economy of means in construction is to be promoted.

· Funding sources and profits earned must be legitimate and transparent.

· Projects should cover operating costs over their lifetime and generate an acceptable rate of return.

· Integration of the project into the wider economic framework of local, regional, and global monetary flows.

· Demonstrate flexibility to adapt to future changes of user needs, ownership, laws, regulations, and economic fluctuations.

· Robust economic models are sought that take unpriced external costs into consideration from the outset.

5 Contextual and aesthetic impact – Place:

Projects must convey a high standard of architectural quality as a prevalent form of cultural expression. With space, form and aesthetic impact of utmost significance, the material manifestation of the design must make a positive and lasting contribution to the physical, human and cultural environment.

· Improvement of existing contextual conditions responding to the natural and built environment.

· Interdependencies of landscape, infrastructure, urban fabric and architecture.

· Working with the given building stock through sensitive restoration, re-use or re-modeling of the built environment.

· Inventive programming strategies in terms of use, multiplicity of functions, short-term flexibility and long-term adaptability.

· Architectural quality and aesthetic impact, specifically concerning space, spatial sequences, movement, tactility of materials, light and ambiance.