齊長城之『大峰山』

文/陳焱　圖/鄭嚴

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齊長城之『大峰山』

文/陳焱圖/鄭嚴

The Great Wall of Qi: Dafeng Mountain

在濟南市長清區西南的大峰山附近有個齊長城風景區。這里地形特殊，扼齊魯兩古國之咽喉，歷來是兵家必爭之地。古人修建的齊長城在大峰山四周蜿蜒而過，綿延1500多米，十分壯觀。大峰山山勢圍合，三面峭立，曲如列屏，形若箕掌，因其頂峰高而大，故得名——大峰山。在這里，洞觀古跡林立，山泉流水眾多，有很多供人們游覽尋古的景點，還有獨具特色的200多間屯兵營房。

齊長城為齊魯之界。據《管子·輕重篇》記載：“長城之陽魯也，長城之陰齊也。”齊長城建于公元前685年，為齊王桓公所建。司馬遷《史記·楚式家》中也有記載：“乘山嶺之上筑長城，東至海，西至濟州，千余里以備楚。”齊長城西起山東濟南長清區南部，迤邐向東至青島市黃島開發區東于家河村東北入海。

○修復后的齊長城起點遺址。The restored ruins of the starting point of the Great Wall of Qi.

○齊長城在大峰山上綿延1500多米。The Great Wall of Qi stretches over 1,500 meters on Dafeng Mountain.

○獨具特色的屯兵營。Barracks of unique features.

○城墻的部分區段上有垛口。There are crenels on some sections of the city wall.

○峰云觀是一個具有悠久歷史文化的道教名觀。Fengyun Taoist Temple is a famous Taoist temple with a long history and culture.

○大峰山革命歷史紀念館。Dafeng Mountain Revolution Memorial Hall.

說起大峰山和齊長城的關系，其特別之處在于齊長城最西端的烽燧在這山上，而齊長城真實的起點在大峰山下的平原。

在長清區孝里鎮的廣里村，有條貫穿東西的大道，大道北側豎立著刻有“齊長城起點”的石碑。據文物部門考古調查，齊長城起點始建于這里的山下平原，由于常年的水土淤積，最初的夯土墻被埋在了地下，所以齊長城的西起點并非人們想象中那樣有著高大的墻體，而是深埋在地下深達3.5米的地方。如果想在山體上能看到石頭壘砌的長城，就需要爬到大峰山上。

大峰山海拔446.9米，南北長24華里，東西寬18華里，占地面積為12800畝。山頂部的城墻系在齊長城原址上歷代疊加，并于清代大修。城墻長約1500米，最高處達5米，厚約2.5米，部分區段上有垛口。大峰山上景色優美，植被茂盛，是渾然天成的生態氧吧。目前這里已查明的樹種有88種、鳥類50余種、藥材30余種。

大峰山有保存非常完整的戰國時期的齊長城與陣容宏大的屯兵營，據史書記載，屯兵營就是孟姜女哭長城的地方。這里還有濟南市最大的道觀——峰云觀，齊魯第一洞——璇璣洞。除此之外，還有古城門、抗日戰爭紀念館等。

峰云觀創建于漢朝，是一個具有悠久歷史文化的道教名觀，坐落于大峰山中部。道觀紅墻碧瓦，氣勢巍峨，周圍山巒疊翠，泉水潺潺，自明朝起就香火旺盛，往來游客如云。據史料記載：在元末明初，道長范真峰云游至此，發現山中經常發出祥光嵐氣，認為這里是修道的吉祥之地，于是廣招弟子，募緣四方，擴建了這處修道圣地。道觀內的建筑錯落有致，飛檐斗拱，雕梁畫棟，周圍環境清幽，鳥語蟬鳴。

經過幾千年的歲月流轉，大峰山留下了許多塵封的歷史故事。僅以近現代發生的故事來看，大峰山有個“抗日事件”聞名全國。在1941年5月，日軍獨立混成旅團長土屋兵駐少將在長清大峰山附近被游擊隊擊斃，這是當時縣級抗日武裝擊斃的日軍最高級軍官，因此獲得了朱德和彭德懷的特電通令嘉獎。

T here is a scenic resort – the Great Wall of Qi near the Dafeng Mountain in the southwest of Changqing District, Jinan City. The Great Wall of Qi, which was built by the ancients, winds around Dafeng Mountain, stretching over 1,500 meters. The scene is spectacular. There are historical caves there in great numbers, numerous mountain springs and brooks, as well as lots of sightseeing spots for tourists to visit and search for historical traces. Besides, there is a barracks with over 200 rooms of unique features.

Dafeng Mountain has steep cliffs on three sides. Its curve looks like a standing screen while its shape appears to be a dustpan. As it has a large high peak, it is called Dafeng Mountain. With an elevation of 446.9 meters, north-south length of 12km, and east-west width of 9km, the Dafeng Mountain covers an area of 12,800 mu (1 mu=0.0667ha.).

In Guangli Village, Xiaoli Town, Changqing District, there is a thoroughfare running from east to west. In the cropland on the north side of the thoroughfare, there is a stone tablet engraved with the words “Starting Point of the Great Wall of Qi”. According to the archeological survey of the cultural relics department, the starting point of the Great Wall of Qi was built in the plain under the mountain. Due to the water and soil sedimentation over the years, the original rammed-earth wall has been buried underground.

There is well-preserved Great Wall of Qi built in the Warring States Period and a grand-scale barracks on Dafeng Mountain. According to historical records, the story of Meng Jiangnu bringing down the Great Wall with tears happened in the barracks. In addition, there is the largest Taoist temple in Jinan – Fengyun Taoist Temple, as well as the Old City Gate and Anti-Japanese War Memorial Hall.