覽圣曲阜之石門山

文/李翠　圖/孔勇

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覽圣曲阜之石門山

文/李翠圖/孔勇

石門山The Shimen Mountain

西北雙峰插泗濱，

蒸蒸云氣似龍津；

甘霖旱慰蒼生望，

枯槁先回萬象春。

明代張祚曾賦詩《泗池十景吟·龍門靈霧》，此“龍門”指的便是石門山之山門。石門山位于圣地曲阜城東北25公里處，因山形似蟠龍之狀，故有“龍門山”之稱。這里風景優美，云蒸霞蔚，有“云山”“云亭山”之謂，又因兩山對峙如石門，故俗稱“石門山”。

石門山山體呈圓形，有老虎窩山、狐山、黃山及牛山等十余個山頭，主峰臥虎頂海拔406.2米。山中重巒疊嶂，峪壑幽深，泉澗潺潺，美不勝收。古有24景之稱，如勝涵峰、望虎山、冰雪澗、蟠龍洞、含珠臺、照玉鏡、一丈碑等，構成了一幅詩一般的山水畫卷。

自古以來，無數文人雅士，被石門山的秀麗景色所吸引，紛紛來到這塊遠離塵囂的明山秀水之間，尋奇探幽，留下了許多佳話。

春秋末期，孔子率眾弟子周游列國后，和子路曾宿于石門，今山中存有“子路寄宿處”等遺跡。相傳孔子也曾在此地撰寫《易經·系辭》。而唐代詩人李白與杜甫結伴游齊魯時也曾在此地設宴話別。李白寓居濟寧二十余年，他與杜甫初交是在天寶三年（744年）。是年秋天，二人相約漫游梁宋、齊魯，“醉舞梁園夜，行歌泗水春”。在伴游東魯時一同飲酒賦詩，一同求仙訪道。天寶四年（745年），杜甫要西入長安，李白打算南下江東，二人在曲阜的石門山設宴作別，李白賦詩《魯郡東石門送杜二甫》：“醉別復幾日，登臨遍池臺。何時石門路，重有金樽開？秋波落泗水，海色明徂徠。飛蓬各自遠，且盡手中杯。”現山中仍存有“孔子系《易》處”“李杜宴別處”等遺址。

清代著名戲劇家孔尚任，也與石門山結下了不解之緣。孔尚任是孔子第64代孫。自幼熟讀經史，喜好詩文，精通音律，但卻屢試不第。康熙二十一年（1682年），康熙帝來曲阜祭祀孔子，孔尚任被推薦為引駕官，并為皇帝講經，深得康熙賞識，破格授為國子監博士。康熙四十年（1701年），孔尚任所作反映南明社會的名劇《桃花扇》上演后被罷官，毅然返回故里，隱居石門，在勝涵峰側疊石結草廬三間，名“孤云草堂”。堂中木榻布簾，茗杯爐香，他在此潛心讀書，時而與高僧談論佛法，隱居達5年之久，寫下了《石門山集》、《募修玉泉寺疏》、《樵約》、《秋水亭記》等名篇。現秋水亭、“孔尚任隱居處”等遺址尚存。

The Shimen Mountain at Qufu

The Shimen Mountain is located 25 kilometers northeast of Qufu city. The hill looks just like a curled-up dragon, so it was called Longmen Mountain in ancient times. The Shimen Mountain is round-shaped, consisting of over ten hilltops such as the Tiger Cave Hill, the Fox Hill and the Huang Hill. Its main peak, Crouching Tiger Peak, has an elevation of 406.2 meters.

In the late Spring and Autumn Period, after leading his disciples to tour various states, Confucius with his disciple Zilu once lodged on Shimen. Today, there are such ruins as “Zilu’s Lodging”. It is said that Confucius wrote the Book of Changes: Xici here. Besides, Li Bai and Du Fu, poets in the Tang Dynasty, once had a farewell dinner here when visiting the State of Qi and the State of Lu (Shandong) together.

Kong Shangren, a famous dramatist in the Qing dynasty, also forged a bond with the Shimen Mountain. In the 40th year of the Kangxi Period (1701), Kong Shangren was dismissed from office due to the public performance of his famous opera “The Peach Blossom Fan”. Then he resolutely returned to his hometown and dwelt on Shimen in seclusion.