王妍君,楊佳佳
(1.青海大學附屬醫院腎病內科;2.青海大學醫學院)
熱休克蛋白72在低氧環境下大鼠腎臟間質纖維化中的表達及意義*
王妍君1,楊佳佳2
(1.青海大學附屬醫院腎病內科;2.青海大學醫學院)
目的 探討低氧環境下大鼠腎臟間質纖維化中熱休克蛋白72(heat shock protein,HSP72)的表達及意義。方法 將雄性SD大鼠隨機分為四組:常氧組(4只)、低氧組、低氧+溶劑對照組、低氧+槲皮素干預組(各12只)。于低壓氧艙建立低氧動物模型,分別于第3、7、14 d處死各組大鼠。取腎臟組織,應用免疫印跡法(western blot)檢測HSP72表達;采用免疫組化染色法比較各組HSP72蛋白在腎臟小管間質表達水平,了解各組腎小管間質病變程度與HSP72的關系。結果 與常氧組比較,低氧環境下各組HSP72在大鼠腎小管間質中表達增加,并且隨著缺氧時間延長而增加,差異均有統計學意義(P<0.001)。給予槲皮素干預后,HSP72表達抑制,與低氧組及低氧+溶劑對照組比較,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。常氧組與各組比較,腎小管間質病變程度最輕(腎小管形態基本正常、間質無水腫)。在低氧環境下的各組比較中,槲皮素干預組的腎小管間質病變程度為輕,低氧組與低氧+溶劑對照組病變均較重。結論 低氧環境可引起腎小管間質中HSP72表達增加,并且隨著缺氧時間延長而增加。低氧組、低氧+溶劑對照組中HSP72呈現高表達,與人工(槲皮素)抑制HSP72比較,腎小管間質病變程度反而更重。提示,雖然HSP72升高是保護性應激反應,但并不能充分緩解缺氧引起的臟器損傷,其原因可能為HSP72保護作用時效較短或具有一定的滯后性。
低氧 腎臟 熱休克蛋白72
正常腎臟組織由于其結構和功能特點,對氧的需求量很大,耐受缺氧的能力較低,容易出現缺氧性腎損害。有實驗證明,大鼠在海拔5600 m缺氧6 h左右就能夠導致微血管內皮細胞、腎小管間質的損傷,導致腎臟炎癥反應和纖維化的發生[1]。而腎小管間質低氧又是促進腎臟疾病進展和間質纖維化的重要原因[2-4]。因此低氧條件下機體的各種敏感性指標變化成為近些年來國內外研究的熱點。熱休克蛋白(heat shockproteins,HSP)是一組結構上高度保守的多肽,參與機體正常生長、發育和分化。當機體受到缺氧刺激時,HSP迅速產生而啟動內源性保護機制,因此它是細胞應激反應最主要的效應蛋白。其中HSP72是最保守且最易誘導表達的HSP家族成員之一,在包括腎臟的多個組織和器官中均有少量表達,而在熱應激、低氧、缺血再灌注等多種應激刺激下表達明顯增加,能促進受損細胞修復,具有抗炎、抗細胞凋亡作用[5,6]。以往國內外關于HSP72的研究主要集中在短時、急性損傷等應激反應中的表達變化,而對于低氧環境下HSP72表達變化與腎小管間質病變關系的研究較少。因此本研究通過低氧大鼠模型觀察HSP72在腎小管間質中表達的變化,來探討低氧狀況下HSP72在腎小管間質病變的作用及意義。
1.1 實驗對象和分組情況
3月齡健康雄性SD大鼠40只,體重(280~320)g,在青海大學醫學院動物房中適應性喂養1 w。隨機分為四組:常氧組(4只)、低氧組、低氧+溶劑對照組、低氧+槲皮素干預組(各12只)。常氧組于常規動物房飼養。余各組置低壓氧艙(模擬海拔5000m低氧環境,氧濃度11.3%),于第3、7、14 d處死各組大鼠,每次4只。取腎臟組織,應用免疫印跡法(western blot)檢測HSP72表達。然后采用免疫組化染色法觀察比較四組HSP72蛋白在腎臟小管間質表達,同時通過蘇木素復染觀察比較四組腎小管受損、腎間質纖維化程度。
1.2 主要試劑及儀器
小鼠抗HSP72單克隆抗體(abcom,美國)、兔抗GAPDH(abcom,美國)、辣根過氧化物酶(HRP)標記的山羊抗小鼠IgG(博士德生物)、辣根過氧化物酶(HRP)標記的山羊抗兔IgG(博士德生物)、PI細胞裂解液(Keygen)、槲皮素(Sigma,美國)、蛋白標準分子量marker(Thermo,美國)、BCA蛋白定量試劑盒(Pierce公司,美國)、ECL發光試劑盒(Pierce公司,美國)、PVDF膜(Millipore,美國)、5×上樣緩沖液(康為世紀,北京)、1×PBS(Solarbio,北京)、20×TBS(Solarbio,北京)、Tris-Hcl PH6.8/PH8.8(Solarbio,北京)、30%丙烯酰胺(Solarbio,北京)、Ttween 20(Biotopped,北京)、TEMED(Biotopped,北京)、10×SDS電泳緩沖液(Beyotime,江蘇)。
1.3 實驗方法
1.3.1 標本采集及處理
低氧+溶劑對照組:大鼠腹腔注入2 mL的0.1 M磷酸鹽緩沖溶液(PBS)后建立低氧模型。
低氧+槲皮素干預組:大鼠腹腔注入槲皮素(按50mg/kg劑量溶于2mL的0.1M PBS中)后建立低氧模型。
腎臟標本:大鼠用10%水合氯醛(0.3mL/100mg)行腹腔注射麻醉后,沿腹正中線分層剪開大鼠腹壁,取腎臟髓質,用4%多聚甲醛溶液固定。
1.3.2 HSP72表達檢測
制質量分數為12%的SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝膠,80 V電壓電泳1 h,然后增加電壓至130 V,電泳完成后,取出凝膠,用濕轉法將蛋白質轉到PVDF膜上(0.45nm),用TBST洗膜后,放入用TBST稀釋的質量分數為5%的脫脂奶粉中,搖床室溫孵育2 h,封閉非特異性蛋白結合位點。一抗孵育:將PVDF膜置1抗中4 ℃過夜孵育(HSP72 1:1000,GAPDH 1:5000);用TBST充分洗膜5次,TBS洗膜1次,10 min/次;二抗孵育:分別加入HRP標記的山羊抗小鼠、HRP標記的山羊抗兔的二抗孵育(1:1000),常溫孵育1.5 h;用TBST充分洗膜9次,TBS洗膜1次,6 min/次;洗膜后用ECL發光,上機曝光。
1.3.3 免疫組化實驗
選取HSP72表達量最高的時間點上的腎臟組織,按照免疫組化試劑盒說明具體操作,觀察比較各組腎小管間質中HSP72的表達。結果判斷標準:胞質染色呈棕黃色、深褐色顆粒為陽性反應。用Image-J圖像分析軟件分析HSP72蛋白的表達狀況。
1.3.4 腎小管、間質病變程度比較
用蘇木素復染切片觀察腎小管間質結構,腎小管間質損傷程度依據腎小管上皮細胞刷狀緣的脫落、間質炎細胞的浸潤、間質纖維化程度判斷[7]。
1.4 統計學方法
采用SPSS22.0統計軟件進行分析, 計量資料用均數±標準差表示,各組間比較采用方差分析,組間兩兩比較采用q檢驗。檢驗水準α=0.05。
2.1 HSP72蛋白表達(圖1,表1)

Figure 1 HSP72 expression in each group after giving different kinds of intervention

Table 1 HSP72 expression after hypoxia and hypoxia+Quercetin intervention
※:與低氧組比較,P<0.05;*:與低氧+溶劑組比較,P<0.05;△:與低氧+槲皮素比較,P<0.05;a:與處理3 d組比較,P<0.05;b:與處理7 d組比較,P<0.05;c:與處理14 d組比較,P<0.05.
(1)與常氧組(0.36±0.096)比較,各時間點上低氧組、低氧+溶劑對照組、低氧+槲皮素干預組的HSP72表達值均明顯高于常氧組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。(2)低氧環境下各組隨缺氧時間的延長HSP72表達值有逐漸增多趨勢,低氧組及低氧+溶劑對照組中HSP72表達值均在14 d時達高峰(2.34±0.38,2.39±0.43);兩兩比較結果顯示,低氧+溶劑對照組與低氧組的HSP72表達值差異無統計學意義(P>0.05),而低氧+槲皮素干預組的HSP72表達值明顯受到抑制,與低氧+溶劑對照組和低氧組比較差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。
2.2 免疫組化實驗(表2,圖2)

Table 2 HSP72 expressions in pathological section on 14th day
*:與常氧組比較,P<0.05;△:與低氧組14 d比較,P<0.05;※:與低氧+溶劑對照組14 d比較,P<0.05.
根據WB結果選取HSP72表達量最高的時間點(14d)上的各組腎臟組織比較。(1)常氧組HSP72在腎臟組織中表達最少。(2)低氧組、低氧+溶劑對照組HSP72在腎臟組織中表達最多,但兩組間無顯著性差異。(3)低氧+槲皮素干預組中的HSP72在腎臟組織中表達與其他3組比較,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。
Figure 2 Pathological section of each group on 14 days
(1)與低氧環境下其余各組比較,常氧組腎小管間質病變程度最輕:腎小管上皮細胞刷狀緣無明顯脫落,無炎性細胞浸潤。(2)低氧組與低氧+溶劑對照組之間病變程度無明顯差別,但與低氧+槲皮素干預組比較,上述兩組腎小管間質病變程度較重:腎小管上皮細胞脫落明顯,細胞核濃染,排列紊亂。
HSP72是一種高度保守的內源性細胞保護性蛋白[8,9],在應激時發揮細胞保護作用。機制可能包括:(1)提高細胞對應激原的耐受性[10];(2)幫助蛋白正確折疊等[11];(3)減輕過氧化及炎癥反應[12-14];(4)抗細胞凋亡作用[15,16]。已有研究表明腎臟缺血后HSP72表達會明顯增高[17]。
本研究的大鼠低氧模型實驗顯示,HSP72在常氧組幾乎很少表達,但在低氧環境下,腎臟間質中HSP72表達量增加,并且隨著缺氧時間延長而增加,與常氧組比較差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。說明低氧也是誘導腎臟間質中HSP72表達增加的重要原因,其表達量與缺氧時間呈正相關。
HSP72在缺氧和/或缺血再灌注中的保護作用已有大量的研究肯定。多項研究表明,預先誘導HSP72高表達,在心、腦、肝、腎等器官的缺血/再灌注損傷中發揮出細胞保護作用[18-22]。但是HSP72表達與腎小管間質損傷的相關研究國內外報道較少。參考相關文獻,因槲皮素具有抑制HSP72轉錄與翻譯的特點[23-25],因此本研究通過槲皮素干預HSP72表達模型發現,較長時間(2w)的低氧環境下通過給予槲皮素干預HSP72表達后,腎小管上皮細胞刷狀緣脫落較輕、腎間質無明顯水腫,顯示腎間質纖維化程度未進一步加重(腎小管上皮細胞脫落導致腎小管萎縮是腎間質纖維化進展的一個標志[26])。相反,低氧組和低氧+溶劑對照組中HSP72呈現高表達,腎小管間質病變程度卻更重。這一結果提示,HSP72可能并不能充分緩解缺氧引起的病變,其保護作用可能時效較短、存在功能老化現象。與Todryk SM及石麗研究結果一致[27,28]。此外這一結果與一些研究中發現HSP72過度表達有促進細胞凋亡作用[29,30],以及某研究中發現[31]HSP72可以促進動脈粥樣硬化的發生,是否均提示HSP72在組織細胞中的高表達有可能為雙向作用,有待進一步研究闡明。
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HSP72 protein Expression and the significance in rats′ renal interstitial fibrosis under hypoxic environment*
Wang Yanjun1,Yang Jiajia2
(1.Renal Department of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital;2.Qinghai University Medical College)
Objective To explore the heat shock protein 72(HSP72)expression and the significance in rats′ renal interstitial fibrosis under hypoxia environment.Methods 40 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:4,12,12 and 12 rats,respectively,were included in the normoxia group,hypoxia group,hypoxia+solvent control group,hypoxia+Quercetin intervened group.In the hypobaric chamber,Rats were killed at third,7th,14th day,respectively.Renal tissues were removed and HSP72 expression were detected by Western blot.By using Immunohistochemical staining method,the expressions of HSP72 protein in the renal tubular interstitial in the four groups were compared,the relationship between the tubulointerstitial lesions and the level of HSP72 were understood.Results Compared with the normoxia group,each group under hypoxia increased expression of HSP72 in rats′ renal tubular interstitial,with a consistent increasing over the prolonged time of hypoxia.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).After Quercetin intervened,The expression of HSP72 was inhibited and comparing with the hypoxia group and the hypoxia+solvent control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Renal tubulointerstitial lesion of the normoxia group was the mildest when compared with other groups(tubular morphology was normal and there was no edema).Under the hypoxia environment,the lesion of the hypoxia+quercetin intervened group was the milder.The lesion of the hypoxia group and the hypoxia+solvent control group were more severe.Conclusions Hypoxia can increase the expression of HSP72 in tubulointerstitial,which have a consistent increasing as the hypoxia time is prolonged.Hypoxia group,hypoxia+solvent control group show high expression of HSP72,and the tubulointerstitial lesion are more severe compared with the hypoxia+quercetin intervened group.It is suggested that although the elevation of HSP72 expression is a protective stress response,but it cannot adequately alleviate the organ damage caused by hypoxia,possibly the protective effect is short-lived or have a certain lag.
Hypoxia Kidney Heat shock protein 72
*:青海大學中青年科研基金項目(2013-QYY-9) 王妍君(1980~),女,漢族,江蘇籍,主治醫師
R364.4
A
10.13452/j.cnki.jqmc.2016.02.003
2016-02-03