大型客機主要氣動噪聲機理及先進控制方法研究立項報告

孫曉峰 黃立錫 楊海 劉碧龍 陸利蓬

摘要：在《國家中長期科學與技術發展規劃綱要（2006-2020）》中，大型飛機是其中的16個重大專項之一。本研究以國家的這一重大戰略需求為背景，針對科技部2011年度973項目申報指南中綜合交叉領域“涉及飛行器的綜合交叉研究”選題，開展大型客機氣動噪聲機理及先進控制方法方面的基礎性研究工作。 大型客機氣動噪聲的控制涉及飛機適航、安全、舒適等多個方面，是大型客機設計系統的關鍵環節。因此，任何致力于發展民航工業的國家，都將其列為需要不斷突破的飛機關鍵技術。當前，隨著環境保護條例愈來愈嚴格，國外在控制大型客機氣動噪聲方面也面臨技術發展瓶頸。所以，如何以更靈巧，縝密的學術構想研究大型客機氣動噪聲的產生機理，進而發展更先進、可靠的控制氣動噪聲的方法，是國內外研究新的航空飛行器均面臨的問題。 本研究的負責單位為北京航空航天大學，參加單位包括中科院聲學研究所，清華大學，香港大學，中國航空強度研究所（623所）以及中航商用飛機發動機有限責任公司等五個單位。

關鍵詞：大型客機；氣動噪聲；噪聲機理；噪聲控制

Research Proposal for Aerodynamic Noise Generation Mechanisms and Its Control in Large Passenger Aircraft

Abstract：Acoustic design of modern passenger aircraft is the key link in whole aircraft system design， which is related to whether or not the aircraft meets the airworthiness regulations. Besides， there has recently been increasing interest among airlines and aircraft manufacturers in controlling the acoustic environment within aircraft cabins in order to provide passengers with a more comfortable environment， and provide the flight crew with a flight deck environment that does not impair communication. Obviously， it is required to gradually develop more advanced control techniques for both cabin interior noise and outside noise of aircraft to meet this goal. The purpose of the present project is aimed at preliminarily establishing the acoustic design system of large passenger aircraft， which can basically meet the future requirement of domestic aircraft development. To realize this objective， considerable basic research surrounding this topic has been planed in the proposal. In fact， emphasis has been first put on the aerodynamic noise generation mechanism， including landing gear， flap and slot noise from airframe， rotor/stator interaction， buzz-saw and jet noise from aircraft engine. Both aeroacoustic analytical method and numerical simulation techniques based on moving boundary and CAA methods will be explored to study the acoustic fields generated by various aerodynamic sound sources and find the relevant control method for reducing the sound source strength. In addition， it is noted that the control of sound propagation is a kind of effective way to suppress aerodynamic noise. In this respect， two related works will be conducted. For cabin noise problem， study will be focused on how to use advanced composite material to isolate more aerodynamic noise with the consideration of fuselage boundary layer fluctuations. For aircraft engine noise propagation， a great effort will be made on investigating how to develop adjustable acoustic liner to realize the optimal noise attenuation in nacelle. In most of work mentioned as above， the relevant experimental investigations will also be carried out in order to fully reveal the aerodynamic noise generation mechanism and demonstrate the effectiveness of some novel noise control techniques developed in the present project. The present project contains five subjects to cover the above research contents， including 1. noise generation mechanism and its control method of aircraft engine； 2. airframe noise and its control； 3. acoustic design of nacelle； 4. cabin noise control with boundary layer fluctuations and 5. turbulence model and CFD techniques related to aeroacoustic applications. This project is undertaken by 6 institutions. They are respectively， Beihang University， Institute of Acoustics， CAS， Tsinghua University， Hong Kong University， Aircraft Strength Research Institute of China and AVIC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co.， LTD.

Keywords：Large Passenger Aircraft； Aerodynamic Noise； Noise Mechanism； Noise Control

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