劉京鋒,汪 鈺,王學東
(北京市和平里醫院CCU病房,北京 100013)
急性冠脈綜合征非手術治療患者血清尿酸及B型納尿肽水平與GRACE評分的相關性及其預測價值
劉京鋒,汪 鈺,王學東
(北京市和平里醫院CCU病房,北京 100013)
目的 探討非手術治療的急性冠脈綜合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者的血清尿酸(UA)及B型鈉尿肽(BNP)水平與全球急性冠狀動脈事件注冊(GRACE)評分的相關性及對遠期預后的預測價值。方法 未行手術治療的ACS患者291例,入院后立即測定其血清尿酸及BNP水平,根據GRACE評分將患者分為高危組95例、中危組121例和低危組75例,隨訪發病6個月的主要心血管不良事件(MACE)的發生情況,分析UA、BNP水平與GRACE評分間的相關性及三者對MACE發生的預測價值。結果 高危組UA及BNP高于中危組及低危組,差異有統計學意義(P< 0.01),UA、BNP均與GRACE評分呈線性正相關。結論 非手術治療的ACS患者血清UA及BNP水平與GRACE評分呈正相關;血清UA、BNP水平及GRACE評分可有效預測MACE的發生風險。
急性冠脈綜合征;尿酸;BNP;GRACE評分
急性冠脈綜合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)是最常見的致死性冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟病[1],主要包括不穩定性心絞痛、非ST段抬高心肌梗死和ST段抬高心肌梗死三類。國內大多數ACS患者仍為藥物保守治療[2],早期對這些患者進行風險評估,有助于指導后續的診療過程并評價預后[3]。血清尿酸(uric acid,UA)是嘌呤代謝的副產物,其升高可能會促進ACS進展[4,5]。B型鈉尿肽(B-type natriuretic peptide,BNP)主要是由心肌細胞分泌,能夠反映心肌缺血程度和心功能情況[6]。近年來,全球急性冠狀動脈事件注冊(global registry of acute coronary events,GRACE)評分在多項研究中表現出對ACS患者住院死亡和出院后6個月內死亡的預測能力[7,8]。本研究探討非手術治療的ACS患者血清UA、BNP水平與GRACE危險評分的相關性,及其對6個月內主要心血管不良事件(major adverse cardiac event,MACE)的預測價值。
1.1 一般資料 2010年7月至2014年12月就診于我院心內科和CCU的ACS患者297例。入選標準:①符合美國ACC/AHA 2006年發布的ACS診斷和治療指南[9]中的診斷標準;②年齡18歲以上的男性或非妊娠期女性;③未經手術且不準備行手術治療;④均簽署知情同意書。排除標準:①既往心肌梗死患者;②急慢性心功能不全,左室射血分數小于45%;③存在嚴重的肝、腎、肺疾病或重癥感染、腫瘤等;④存在心臟瓣膜病、心肌病、肺栓塞;⑤既往心房纖顫史或起搏器植入術后;⑥近半年內重大外傷、手術史。
1.2 方法 采集患者人口學信息、冠狀動脈疾病相關危險因素、既往病史及生命體征等資料。患者入院后3小時內以EDTA抗凝管采集肘靜脈血,分離血清,于-70 ℃冰箱中保存,檢測血清UA、BNP、肝腎功、血常規等,計算每例患者的GRACE評分。6個月后以門診隨訪和電話隨訪相結合的方式進行隨訪。
1.3 觀察指標 終點事件為發病6個月內的MACE事件,包括:心源性死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、心力衰竭、再發心絞痛等。其余在隨訪過程未能觀察到患者出現終點事件的記為截尾。根據GRACE危險評分分組、UA、BNP正常與否分組,統計各類MACE發生情況。
1.4 統計學方法 采用SPSS 20.0統計軟件進行統計分析。計量資料以均值±標準差表示,組間差異的比較采用單因素方差分析;計數資料以率表述,采用卡方檢驗;相關性分析中方差齊的計量資料采用Pearson相關,方差不齊采用Spearman秩相關。P< 0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2.1 基線情況 6例患者在6個月隨訪時因無法聯絡脫落,共有291例患者進入最后分析。患者年齡45~89歲,其中男169例,女124例,不穩定型心絞痛145例、非ST段抬高心肌梗死93例和ST段抬高心肌梗死53例。既往高血壓病165例,2型糖尿病107例,高脂血癥53例。有吸煙史者192例,飲酒史者178例。根據GRACE評分危險等級分組,其中低危組(<108分)75例,中危組(108~140分)121例,高危組(>140分)95例。高危組UA及BNP高于低危組,BNP高于中危組,差異均有統計學意義(P< 0.01),見表1。

表1 基線情況比較
*與低危組比較,P< 0.01;#與中危組比較,P< 0.01
2.2 MACE發生率 6個月隨訪時,共有70例(24.05%)患者發生MACE。GRACE危險評分中危組及高危組的MACE發生率顯著高于低危組(中危組:χ2=8.047,P< 0.01;高危組:χ2=19.051,P< 0.001; UA升高組MACE發生率高于UA正常組(χ2=14.766,P< 0.001); BNP升高組MACE發生率高于正常組(χ2=8.791,P= 0.003),見表2。

表2 患者發病6個月時MACE比較 (n)
2.3 UA、BNP與GRACE評分的相關性分析 非手術治療的ACS患者的UA及BNP水平與GRACE危險評分均呈線性正相關(r=0.204,r=0.733,均P< 0.001),即隨著患者UA或BNP水平的升高,其GRACE危險評分的分層也提高。
ACS一直是臨床研究和循證指南關注的重點[10]。歐美最新的國際指南均推薦從急診室接診便對患者進行風險評估,篩選出MACE事件高危患者[11,12],進行重點關注和治療,從而改善患者預后。考慮到國內多數基礎醫院并無開展冠脈造影或介入手術的資質及發病就診延遲的存在[13,14],大部分ACS患者是未接受手術治療的,因此本次研究將目標人群定在內科保守治療的ACS患者。
目前,臨床中評價ACS患者風險的有方法有GRACE危險評分、TIMI評分和PURSUIT評分等,相對其他方法,GRACE風險評分能更好地評估MACE的風險[15]。但由于缺少對神經體液因素及氧化應激反應的指標,難以涵蓋ACS患者復雜的臨床病情,從而影響GRACE危險評分的推廣應用。
UA作為OX通路活性的生物標志物,一定程度上能反映冠脈血管氧化應激損傷程度[16],近年來被多項研究證實在多種心血管疾病中具有顯著的預測價值[17,18]。BNP作為心室細胞分泌的重要神經體液指標,近年來逐漸被重視。Bassan等[19]的研究顯示心肌梗死及周圍區域缺血損傷心肌細胞BNP的合成與分泌增加,BNP能在一定程度上反映心肌缺血的程度。Radwan等[20]的研究發現BNP與左室射血分數及TIMI評分密切相關,有一定預后判斷價值。
本研究發現,對于未行手術治療的ACS患者,不同的GRACE危險分組的MACE發生率存在顯著差異,隨著GRACE評分的增高,MACE的發生率逐漸升高。而UA及BNP水平與GRACE危險評分呈正相關性,可以從神經體液因素及氧化應激反應的指標的角度進一步補充GRACE危險評分,可在臨床中進一步推廣應用。
綜上所述,對于未行手術治療的ACS患者在入院時進行GRACE危險評分,并進行UA及BNP的檢測,能更為全面地評估發病6個月內MACE事件的發生可能。但考慮到本研究是在單中心進行,且樣本量有限,可能存在選擇偏倚。同時由于條件限制,未選擇更長半衰期的氨基末端B型利鈉肽前體(NT-proBNP)作為檢測指標以更為準確的評價BNP水平,對未來應開展多中心、大樣本的研究,選擇更為適宜的檢測方式進一步探索非手術治療的ACS患者MACE事件風險預測指標。
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Correlation between serum uric acid/BNP levels and GRACE score in patients with acute coronary syndrome and its predictive value
LIU Jing-feng,WANG Yu,WANG Xue-dong
(Department of CCU,Beijing Hepingli Hospital,Beijing 100013,China)
Objective To investigate the relationship between levels of serum uric acid/B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE) risk score in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and their predictive value for long-term prognosis.Methods The serum uric acid,BNP and GRACE were measured in 291 patients who were diagnosed as ACS and not treated by surgery.The main adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were followed up for a six mouths.The correlation between serum levels of uric acid/BNP and GRACE scores was analyzed.The predictive value of MACE was evaluated as well.Results According to GRACE score,ACS patients were divided into high,medium and low risk groups.Serum uric acid and BNP levels in high risk group were significantly higher than that in another 2 groups (P< 0.01).The levels of serum uric acid and BNP were both linearly correlated with GRACE scores.Conclusion In ACS patients without surgical treatment,the higher levels of serum uric acid and BNP are,the higher the GRACE scores are.Serum levels of uric acid/BNP and GRACE scores are positively correlated with the risk of MACE.
Acute coronary syndrome; Serum uric acid; BNP; Global registry of acute coronary events
R541.4
A
1672-6170(2016)04-0067-03
2016-02-10;
2016-04-19)