道伊斯與貝拉爾德文化中心，馬德里，西班牙

建筑設(shè)計：拉斐爾·德拉-奧斯建筑師事務(wù)所

Architects: Rafael de La-Hoz Arquitectos

道伊斯與貝拉爾德文化中心，馬德里，西班牙

Daoíz y Velarde Cultural Center， Madrid， Spain， 2013

建筑設(shè)計：拉斐爾·德拉-奧斯建筑師事務(wù)所

Architects: Rafael de La-Hoz Arquitectos

文化中心項目的核心在于對舊軍事兵營的改造，這些營房是前La Maestranza炮兵營區(qū)的一部分，其中也包含了道伊斯和貝拉爾德的營房。

設(shè)計希望尊重原有建筑的基本幾何關(guān)系，新的結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)將老建筑中現(xiàn)存的桁架與金屬柱解放出來，將老建筑內(nèi)部清空并完成了其他新增室內(nèi)空間的營造。

梯形的平面布局、建筑外部使用的磚墻立面與鋸齒形金屬表皮屋面的工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)被完整保留。在此基礎(chǔ)上增加的高科技屋面，提供了充足的自然采光與通風(fēng)，創(chuàng)造了良好的室內(nèi)微氣候。

建筑舊有內(nèi)部空間被清空，并通過一個中介空間一分為二。一個新的混凝土體量貫穿了不同的樓層，并新增了兩層地下空間。一個加建體塊自屋頂穿出，如同高懸的燈籠，實際上它將成為為小劇場服務(wù)的舞臺盒。

建筑內(nèi)部包含了文化中心的兩個主要大廳，及其相關(guān)活動的附屬空間。一個有頂?shù)募瘯臻g，是容納聚集、問訊和展覽等活動的場所，將室外廣場的空間感受延伸至建筑室內(nèi)。這個文化綜合體因此將與其外部的公共空間緊密聯(lián)系起來。

新舊建筑之間的中介空間分隔，將承載多種用途：（1）突出修復(fù)更新后老建筑的原有結(jié)構(gòu)。（2）將這一空間作為緩沖區(qū)，即服務(wù)于文化綜合體的自然過渡與保護性空間，從而獲得更高的能源效率。（3）優(yōu)化兩座大廳的空間距離，并為來訪者提供更為便捷的到達路徑。

建筑使用的材料為：（1）原有墻體中的磚砌塊。對舊建筑墻體進行了徹底的修復(fù)處理，使其重現(xiàn)原初面貌。（2）層壓鋼板與夾膠玻璃，用于門窗制造。（3）鋼筋混凝土，作為基礎(chǔ)材料使用在新增內(nèi)部建筑體量的結(jié)構(gòu)中。（4）金屬鋅版，用于屋頂及舞臺盒空間。

在這個文化中心的建筑項目當(dāng)中，建筑師希望尋求的是新與舊之間的中庸之道。概念上來說，它的目的在于尊重現(xiàn)有建筑的精髓部分，以對空間和光作為主體的改造手法，竭力將對這部分建筑的干預(yù)和改動最小化。 （陳茜 譯）

1　外景/Exterior view

項目信息/Credits and data

客戶/Client: 馬德里市政廳藝術(shù)管理局/Madrid City Council， Government Area of Arts

建筑用途/Building's Purpuse: 文化中心/Cultural Center

建筑面積/Usable Floor Area: 6850m2

地上建筑面積/Floor Area above ground: 3063m2

磚材類型/Brick Type: 粘土磚，飾面磚/Clay blocks， facing bricks

建筑材料造價/Material Cost: $12，839，715.98（含稅/ including VAT）

建造周期/Construction Period: 2007.01 – 2013.10

攝影/Photos: Alfonso Quiroga

The project consists in refurbishing old military barracks which were part of the former artillery quartering of La Maestranza including the barracks of Daoíz y Velarde.

Designed with the aim of respecting the basic geometry of the building， the construction system enables the existing truss as well as the metal pillars of the building to remain suspended in the air while it is emptied and the rest of the interior of the building is completed.

The trapeizodal floor plan， the existing brick-built facades and the industrial structure of metal profiles of the saw-tooth roof of the building's envelope have been respected. A high-tech roof has been developed to take the best advantage of natural light and ventilation and to create a microclimate inside.

The interior of the building has been emptied and separated by an intermediate space. A new concrete building is divided into different levels， with two added basement plan floors. An additional volume reaches out from the roof， like a lantern. This new volume will become a stage box for a small theatre.

The inside building contains two main halls at the center and all necessary annexes to develop activities derived from it. A place for meeting，information and exhibitions， which works as a covered agora， as if the square outside extended into the building. The complex will thus be interrelated with the exterior public spaces.

The intermediate separation between the former and the new building has been maintained for different purposes: （1） Highlighting the original structure of the refurbished former building. （2）Using this space as a buffer zone， a natural filter and protection of the cultural complex， thus obtaining greater energy efficiency and （3） Optimizing the distance between halls and providing an easier access to the visitors.

The materials of the building are: （1） Bricks on the walls. Thorough treatment has been performed to restore the original appearance of its walls. （2） Laminated steel and laminated glass for the carpentry of doors and windows. （3）Reinforced concrete， used as a base material for the construction of the new interior building. （4） Metal panels of zinc for the roof and the stage box.

The architecture project of the Cultural Center is halfway between the new and the existing. Conceptually， it aims at respecting the essence of the building， which implies a minimum intervention where space and light play the most important part.

2　改造后的立面/View of the old building and the new theater hall3　首層平面/Floor 0 plan

4　內(nèi)景/Interior view

5　豎向交通示意/Schematic diagram of staircase

評論

王麗方：一清二楚地保留，干凈利落地加建，很理性。舞臺盒子與鋸齒形屋頂造型交織簡練可看。室內(nèi)水泥基地坪選材適當(dāng)。由于凸顯了頂部的輕盈，磚建筑的整體感被消除。而在局部，由于簡單地清空室內(nèi)，磚墻的轉(zhuǎn)角、壁柱、剪力墻等處可望表達敦厚的體量感，這樣的機會也被放棄了。留下來的磚墻，看起來單薄可憐。新舊建筑之間沒有能產(chǎn)生令人興奮的反差與張力。空間直通，平淡無奇。磚建筑內(nèi)部最應(yīng)有離奇的空間。既然有觀演功能，至少應(yīng)該可以做一個高大空間，階梯式地深深地探入磚建筑體量的深處，打破高度上的均一化。用光是大平光。鋸齒形屋頂采光，用于兵營或許不錯，用于文化中心就缺乏文化意味。老舊的磚建筑室內(nèi)光環(huán)境的特點是富于變化，用于文化中心會很動人。磚建筑被簡單地視為磚表面了。

Comments

WANG Lifang: It is rational to clearly keep and tidily extend the buildings. You can find the succinct interlacing of the stage box and the zigzag-shaped roof.The selection of material for the indoor cement base is appropriate.

Due to the lightness of the top， the overall impression of the brick building is eliminated. In local sector， the merely emptiness of indoor room has expelled the solid sense of uniformity that the corners，pilasters and shear wall might express. The remained brick wall looks thin. Between the old and new buildings，there is no exciting point of contrast and tension.

There shall be bizarre space inside the brick buildings， for it is too simple to direct connect spaces. Considering the function of viewing performance，there shall at least be a huge room penetrating the depth of the brick building step by step， so as to break the homogenization of the height.

Equally distributed light is applied in the building. The lighting of the zigzag-shaped roof might be more suitable for barracks， but lack of cultural meaning for cultural center. The interior light environment of the old brick building is characterized by the changeable lighting，which will be attractive when used in the cultural center.

The brick building is simply viewed as the brick surface.

郭海鞍：作為一個改造項目，道伊斯與貝拉爾德文化中心完美地體現(xiàn)了新與舊的對比，建筑外觀基本上保持了原來的外貌，保持街區(qū)記憶。為了應(yīng)對老墻的保護，設(shè)計師在建構(gòu)上采取了兩個非常明智的選擇。首先是舊磚墻基礎(chǔ)混凝土加固和新建部分混凝土基座的結(jié)合，渾然一體，自然過渡。其次是頂部舊墻懸臂端和新建部分鋼結(jié)構(gòu)桁架的結(jié)合，兩種原真材料輕盈地銜接，邏輯十分清晰。這種對結(jié)構(gòu)形式和建構(gòu)邏輯清晰的判斷值得我們在舊建筑改造設(shè)計中認真地思量與學(xué)習(xí)。

GUO Hai'an: As a renovation project， the Daoíz y Velarde Cultural Center shows a clear contrast between the old construction and the new addition. The building retains its original exterior appearance， which retains the memory of the old streets. To preserve the existing brick all， two wise choices were taken. One was the choice of concrete as chief material in both the basement of the new addition and the foundation reinforcement of the old brick wall， so that the two parts form a seamless transition. The other choice was the logical selection of the steel truss structure，complementing the brickwork and lightly connecting to the old wall. The exact design decisions made here are quite important， and should be studied and considered as a case study for similar renovations of old buildings in China.

6　內(nèi)景/Interior view7.8　新舊建筑語言的對比/Contrast between two distinct architectural languages9　縱剖面/Longitudinal section10　東立面/East elevation11　西立面/West elevation12　北立面/North elevation