克勞斯·費舍爾訪談

路培/LU Pei

黃華青 譯/Translated by HUANG Huaqing

克勞斯·費舍爾訪談

Interview with Klaus Fischer

路培/LU Pei

黃華青 譯/Translated by HUANG Huaqing

成立于1948年的德國慧魚集團，因其建筑錨固系統而聞名于世。1997年慧魚在中國成立分公司，并在江蘇太倉建廠。慧魚在中國近20年的發展歷程中，憑借著杰出而全面的錨固系統解決方案，在中國市場取得了不俗的業績；慧魚中國公司亦成為慧魚集團錨固系統業務領域在全球范圍內的第4大子公司。近年來，慧魚錨固產品除應用在包括國家體育場（“鳥巢”）、上海金茂君悅大酒店、上海世博軸、上海一級方程式賽道、上海迪斯尼樂園和諾華研發中心等眾多知名的建筑工程中以外，慧魚中國還積極投身于中國的基礎設施和工業設施領域，如三峽水電站、津京城際高鐵、上海地鐵4號線、貴廣高鐵隧道等案例。

克勞斯·費舍爾先生，作為慧魚集團的總裁、首席執行官，日前接受了本刊記者的書面采訪。

1　慧魚集團總裁克勞斯·費舍爾/Klaus Fischer， the president of fischer

2　慧魚總部，位于德國黑森林地區的圖木嶺/fischer Headquarters in Tumlingen， Germany

WA: 從1958年慧魚發明的第一枚尼龍錨栓開始，到2015年最新推出的DUOPOWER（塑料制雙組件錨栓），慧魚建筑錨固系統至今經歷了將近60年的發展，共研發出14000多款產品。您作為慧魚集團的第二代領導人和公司不斷發展壯大的見證者，在您看來，慧魚之所以取得今天的成就，其背后的原因有哪些？

費舍爾：我們公司能夠成功，最可貴的資本和最重要的因素就是我們的員工——而非工廠或建筑。我們這些訓練有素、積極進取的員工有著很強的主人翁精神，正是依靠他們的努力，我們才能在各個領域開發出創新性的產品。早在1980年代，我們就確立了公司的使命，并通過員工與管理層之間的協同共進而逐步踐行。它也呼應了我們公司哲學的三個核心價值：創新、責任和高尚。

公司的目標很明確：盈利。我們的可持續性發展建立在三大支柱上：經濟、生態和社會責任。慧魚的流程系統引入包括“持續進步”“避免浪費”“終身學習”以及若干健康倡議在內的理念，這都是我們公司成功的重要因素。

我們持續的國際化拓展，尤其是在亞洲市場的成功，提升了公司的附加價值。就此，我們將在2016年年底在菲律賓開設一家新的分公司，之后還會有更多。在中國，我們現在擁有328名員工，分布在3座生產基地、一個供貨部門以及16家銷售辦公室。為了確保這些分公司的持續競爭力，我們考慮了當地特殊條件，從而開發出適應特定市場的系列產品。這也促成了我們與亞洲最大的家具生產商的成功合作，例如廣州的歐派家居集團。此外，我們的錨固系統已被用于多項重要的中國建筑工程中，例如武漢萬達廣場和南京新城科技園。

WA: 由德國提出的“工業4.0”戰略，已在全球范圍內引發了新一輪的工業轉型競賽。自動化向來是德國制造業的強項，德國在信息技術方面也有著不俗的實力。慧魚一直以來注重產品的多樣化，并可以為客戶提供個性化的產品解決方案，這在一定程度上符合工業4.0的標準。作為一名富有遠見的企業家，為更好地迎接甚至引領工業4.0時代，您認為慧魚應該做好哪些準備？

費舍爾：“工業4.0”對我們也是個非常重要的話題。在“工業4.0”框架內，隨著虛擬世界和現實世界的逐步統一，我們將會自信地參與其中。實際上，我們公司已經有所行動。我們的慧魚流程系統在其中也發揮了很大作用，它在“工業4.0”框架內奠定了我們所有生產活動的基礎。我們的跨部門項目團隊已經啟動了具體的試驗計劃，從而逐步推進它在公司內部的有效應用。

WA: 眾所周知，建筑行業是個發展相對滯后的行業，若干年來，人們對建筑的要求長久以來無非局限在“堅固、適用、美觀”這三點上。隨著全球氣候變暖，人們對建筑行業節能減排的呼聲愈發強烈。建筑，作為人類生產生活的基本物質載體和最大的終端能耗部門，如何在建材生產這一初始環節盡可能減少能源消耗，對整個地球的生態環境和人類社會有著非常重要的意義。作為建材行業的領軍者，可否請您談談您對環保事業的看法，以及慧魚是如何在日復一日的生產中履行“節能減排”的目標的？

費舍爾：自從2000年以來，我們的慧魚流程系統就在可持續性的企業管理中發揮了關鍵作用。其中，避免浪費扮演著尤為重要的角色。為了實現這一目標，我們并不是簡單地將自己框束在個體化的節能措施中，例如合成材料的注射成型過程。我們同樣采取面向未來的策略。例如，位于法蘭克福的德國未來研究院就提出了若干個未來發展的主流趨勢。從中，我們選擇了4項趨勢作為本公司發展策略的核心，包括全球化、機動性、新生態和銀色社會。新生態的趨勢也與慧魚的可持續性管理體系有關。我們已實施的可持續性項目都有明確詳細的記錄。

這也促成了“藍路工作站”的建設及持續擴張。它展示了成功的商業解決方案，能夠在各個領域促進可持續性節能。例如，我們通過對金屬制造過程的簡化和改良，大大減少了燃油的消耗。“藍路工作站”的設計就是為了建立并持續提升員工的可持續性意識。

此外，我們所有部門都設置了定期的可持續性訓練課程。

我們必須在生活的方方面面避免浪費。未來的建造行為，將會建立在減少使用資源及化石燃料、回收和減排之上。就此，我們即將重新定義未來的生活方式。“主動性住宅”就是我們正在開發的項目，與建筑師團隊及建筑工程師維納·索貝克教授合作。這種住宅完全使用可回收材料，并采用簡單的裝配方式而沒有任何粘結劑。因此，它們能在任何時候拆卸，而不留下任何殘余。我們要為模數化建造和可持續性樹立新的標準。我們的“綠色產品線”系列產品也為可持續性做出貢獻。這是世界上第一條基本由植物原料制作的錨固產品的產品線。

WA: 有賴于優秀的產品和可靠的質量，慧魚建筑錨固系統在中國建筑市場享有較高的知名度和良好的口碑。本刊記者也是通過這次到訪慧魚集團總部，才有機會親身體會到慧魚的企業文化，并對慧魚旗下的其他業務有了更多了解和直觀印象。請問，您是否打算在中國市場擴大除建筑錨固系統以外的其他三大業務（汽車儲物系統、創意組合模型和以流程體系專業知識為基礎的咨詢顧問服務）？

費舍爾：慧魚汽車儲物系統這些年來一直有在中國的分工廠生產。鑒于分工廠的技術實力，這一系統應該會在中國市場有很好的發展機會。我們希望在2020年將在中國的收益擴大一倍。慧魚不僅為在中國的德國和美國汽車生產商提供零部件，也與騰勢電動汽車的生產商有著成功的合作。我們目前正在江蘇太倉工廠建造一座新的生產車間。

慧魚的創意組合模型自從1998年以來就在太倉生產。我們的主要定位是作為高等教育部門的教學輔助材料，其中我們的建造組合模型能夠作為教授自然科學原理的創造性方法。

慧魚的咨詢顧問服務已經在德國奠定了良好的聲譽，并不斷拓展其國際化程度。2016年，慧魚咨詢部門的第一家海外分公司落戶意大利。中國對于采用慧魚流程系統來優化制造過程的業務，也會是一個很吸引人的市場。我們已經與中國的合作方在機械工程領域完成了多個項目。

WA: “創新”是慧魚的三大核心價值之一，創新意味著開拓、從無到有；“流程管理”對慧魚的重要性同樣不言而喻，是公司得以持續改善的保障，流程管理的內涵包括規范化、系統化。請問您如何理解這二者之間的關系？

4　應用慧魚產品的北京南站項目/Beijing South Railway Station

5　應用慧魚產品的沙特阿拉伯圣地清真寺項目/Haram Mosque in Saudi-Arabia

6　慧魚錨固系統產品/fischer fixing systems portfolio

7　慧魚MEP系統解決方案（機械、電子和管道安裝系統）/ fischer SaMontec installation systems

費舍爾：沒有規范就沒有進步，否則就不會有比較的基準。即便我們可以不參照規范來做出改變，也無從知曉是否取得了進步。我們需要以規范為基礎，進而整體優化組織結構，并確保整個流程的彈性和靈敏性。慧魚并未教條地將它的工具用于其他系統，但它將整個系統看作由應用于每道流程的8個基本原則組成：透明性、增加價值、流動、同步、流程導向、消除錯誤、靈活性和持續進步。著名的精益工具就是應用這些原則的結果。

3　慧魚總部錨固系統工廠/fischer production site in Tumlingen，Germany

Founded in 1948， the German company fischer is world famous for its fixing systems in the construction industry. In 1997， fischer established a branch in China with the opening of the production site in Taicang， Jiangsu province. fischer has obtained so far great achievement in Chinese market with its comprehensive and outstanding fixing systems solution during its development of nearly 20 years in China； meanwhile， fischer China has grown into the fischer's fourth-largest branch in the business area of fixing systems. In recent years， the fixing products of fischer were not only applied in the world-known building projects such as National Stadium "Bird's Nest"， Shanghai World Expo Axis， Shanghai Formula One Race Track， Shanghai Disneyland and Novartis R & D Center， but also in Chinese infrastructure as well as industrial facilities， for example， Three Gorges Hydropower Station Tianjin-Beijing High Speed Rail，Shanghai Subway No.4 Line， Guiyang-Guangzhou High Speed Rail tunnels and etc.

Lately， we were honoured to have the opportunity of doing a written interview with Mr. Klaus Fischer， the president and CEO of fischer.

WA: From the first invention of the nylon plug in 1958 to the current DUOPOWER in 2015， fischer has almost 60 years of experience in the fixing industry with over 14，000 fixing products. You are the head of corporation in the second generation and you have witnessed the rapid growth of the company， in your opinion， how was fischer able to reach these proud achievements？ What are the reasons for your success？

Klaus Fischer （KF）: The biggest capital and the most important factor for success in our company are the employees – not the plants and buildings. Thanks to our well-trained and highly motivated people， who practically work as entrepreneurs in our enterprise， we develop innovative products in all divisions. We developed a company mission statement as early as the 1980s， which was procured through an intense process between the employees together with senior staff and which corresponds to our philosophy with three central values: innovative，responsible， respectable.

The aim is clear: to generate profit. Economy，ecology and social responsibility are the three pillars on which the sustainable development of our company is founded. The fischer ProcessSystem concerns topics such as "continuous improvement"， "avoiding waste" and "lifelong learning" as well as numerous health initiatives that are important components that contribute to our company's success.

Our continuous internationalisation in the Asian market in particular increases our added value. In this sense we will be opening a new subsidiary in the Philippines at the end of the year，with more to follow. In China we are represented by 328 employees across three production sites，a purchasing organisation and 16 sales offices. In order to ensure the sustainable success of our sites we consider local conditions and develop a range of products that is adapted to the respective market.This has resulted in our successful partnership with Asia's largest furniture manufacturer for example，the OPPEIN Group in Guangzhou. In addition，our fixing systems have been used in important construction projects in China such as Wuhan Wanda Plaza and the Nanjing New Town Science & Technology Park.

WA: The Industry 4.0 strategy is a German development which runs in a new phase of industrial transformation in the global market. In Germany， automation has always been a force of the manufacturing industry， while German information technology is also in good shape. fischer focuses on the diversification of products and is able to offer its customers custom product solutions， already corresponding in part to the standards of Industry 4.0. As a visionary entrepreneur， which preparations do you think fischer should make in order to be prepared and even a leading force in the Industry 4.0 era？

KF: Industry 4.0 is a very important topic for us，too. When it comes to the consolidation between the virtual world and the real world within Industry 4.0 we are able to perform confidently. We can already show a thing or two in our company. Our fischer ProcessSystem has provided great support here too， forming a basis for all our activities with Industry 4.0. Our sector-wide project team has already launched concrete pilot projects in order to advance its useful application within our company.

WA: As is universally known， the building industry is behind in comparison with the development of other industries. For years， the requirements set for building are reduced to "firmness"， "utility" and "beauty". In light of global warming， people are placing more and more value on saving energy and reducing CO2emissions in this industry. Because buildings are feedstock fuels and the most energy-intensive sector of the people， it is important to reduce energy use during production of building materials as much as possible for the good of human society and for earth's ecological environment. Could you please share your views on the protection of the environment as the market leader in the building material industry？ And how does fischer achieve the goal of saving energy and reducing emissions on a daily basis？

KF: Our fischer ProcessSystem has been a significant part of sustainable corporate management since 2000. Avoiding waste plays a particularly important role in this context. In doing so we do not simply restrict ourselves to individual measures such as saving energy during the injection moulding of our synthetic materials. Here， we also take a futureorientated approach. The German Zukunftsinstitut（"Institute for the Future"） in Frankfurt am Main has defined various megatrends of the future， for example. From this we have deducted the four megatrends to urbanisation， mobility， neo-ecology and Silver Society as focal points for our company's strategy. The neo-ecology megatrend forms a link to fischer's sustainability management. Sustainability projects which have already been implemented are explicitly accounted and documented.

This has resulted in the stations of the socalled "blue path" which is continuously being expanded. It shows successful business solutions that have contributed to sustainable savings across various levels. For example， we have been able to significantly reduce the use of oil by cleansing it， simultaneously improving the processes in metalwork. The stations of the "blue path" are intended to promote and continuously develop sustainability in our employee's consciousness.

In addition， there will be regular training sessions on sustainability in all divisions.

We must avoid waste in all aspects of our lives. The construction of the future is based on using as few resources and fossil fuels as possible and on recyclability and avoiding emissions. Which is why we are about to redefine the future of living. The aktivh?user （"active houses"） which we are developing along with a team of architects and the building engineer Prof. Werner Sobek are made completely from recyclable materials that are simply assembled without being glued. Therefore， they can be disassembled at any time without residue. We are thereby setting new standards for modular construction and for sustainability. We are also contributing to the topic of sustainability with our greenline range. It is the first line of products in the world that features fixing products made of mostly vegetable raw materials.

WA: fischer fixing systems are well-known in the Chinese market， with a good reputation thanks to the excellent products and reliable quality. As journalists we were able to personally experience fischer's company culture. In addition， we were able to develop a better understanding and an intuitive impression of the various divisions during our visit. Aside from fixing systems， do you have any intentions of expanding into the Chinese market with the other three divisions （automotive systems，fischertechnik and fischer Consulting）？

KF: fischer automotive systems has been represented by its own Chinese production subsidiary for many years， and thanks to its technical knowhow it faces good opportunities for growth in the Chinese market. We will double the revenue in the Middle Kingdom by 2020. fischer not only produces for German and American car manufacturers in China， but also successfully supplies the manufacturer of the Denza electric car. We are currently expanding our Taicang site with the construction of a further production hall.

fischertechnik has also been represented in Taicang since 1998. Our main target group is the teaching material and high school sector， which utilise our construction kits as a creative method for teaching the foundations of science-orientated principals.

fischer Consulting has established itself as a reputable business consultancy in Germany and continues its internationalisation. This year，fischer Consulting's first overseas subsidiary was founded in Italy. China is also proving to be an attractive market for process optimisations with our fischer ProcessSystem， as we have already realised several projects with our Chinese colleagues in the mechanical engineering sector.

WA: Innovation is one of fischer's three core values. Innovation signifies a new beginning. Process management is just as important for fischer， as it enables the company to continuously improve. The connotations of process management include standardisation and systematisation. How do you interpret the relationship between the two？

KF: There is no improvement without standards，otherwise there wouldn't be a benchmark for comparison. While we would be able to carry out changes without these standards， we wouldn't be able to know whether they are improving. We need standards as a basis in order to optimise the organisation as a whole and in order to guarantee the resilience and agility of the processes. fischer isn't dogmatic in the transfer of its tools onto other systems， but it sees the entire systems as a composition of eight principles which apply to every process: transparency， added value， flow，synchronisation， process orientation， elimination of errors， flexibility and continuous improvement. The well-known Lean Tools are a result of these principles.

8　位于德國內卡河霍爾普的慧魚汽車儲物系統工廠/fischerautomotive systems production site in Horb am Neckar， Germany

9　慧魚創意組合模型/fische fischer）