張家港第一人民醫院，江蘇，中國

張家港第一人民醫院，江蘇，中國

1.2 外景/Exterior views

項目信息/Credits and Data

設計團隊/Design Team: 孟建民，邢立華，楊旭，馮志勇，侯軍/MENG Jianmin， XING Lihua， YANG Xu， FENG Zhiyong， HOU Jun

用地面積/Site Area: 112，000m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 126，000m2

設計時間/Design Time: 2003

張家港市第一人民醫院的設計是2003年一次設計競賽的勝出作品。該醫院選址于張家港市西北部的開發區內，是張家港市政府建設的重點工程項目。基地周邊除零散居住區尚未開發外，幾乎沒有更多的城市因素影響該項目的規劃與設計。其設計由于自身獨特的完整形態及引入現代化的“醫院城”概念而顯得與眾不同。方案最大的特色是在整體結構上設計了“醫院街”——一個貫穿醫院建筑的公共體系，將門診、急診、醫技、住院、會議、行政辦公、科學研究、教學培訓、后勤服務等綜合功能有機組合在一個簡潔的“圓形”建筑內，為所有人創造了一個生動的景觀空間。

住院大樓位于建筑北部，為17層弧形板式建筑，每層2個護理單元，共設有1000張床位。門診、急診、醫技、行政辦公與科研教育用房共同組成裙房。“醫院街”是整體建筑空間邏輯的主級結構，各功能區通過“街”來組織，暗示了醫院內部的邏輯關系；在各醫療單元之間則引入形式豐富的庭院，提供通風與采光，大量的綠色植物為病人、來訪者和醫院的員工創造了一個舒適的就醫和工作環境。

門診、急診、出住院、行政辦公、來訪、會議分別有獨立的出入口。兒科、120急救中心、輸液區、影像中心設置在一層。造型呈“蛋”狀的400人學術報告廳為獨立的單體建筑，結合淺水池構成浮在水面的殼體建筑，與門診主入口、“醫院街”入口一起形成獨特的入口形象。功能檢查、中心實驗區、門診藥房、腔鏡中心圍繞著公共空間設置在二層。門診大廳是一個4層高的陽光大廳，與“醫院街”相對獨立又緊密聯系，成為組織患者就診的重要空間。候診廳面對著一個有綠化的院子，患者在各醫療單元均有獨立的病患通道，同時在各醫療單元遠離“街”的盡端，設計了醫護人員專用的公共交通體系及獨立的醫輔用房。三層手術部設有16間手術室，與重癥監護ICU通過清潔廊便捷聯系，病理檢驗與手術部共同圍繞著一個空中庭園。四層設計了網架體系，形成生態化的屋頂花園，有效減少“熱島效應”，為住院人員提供安靜的活動場地。整個建筑設置局部地下室，以提供大樓的動力設備機房、營養廚房、中心消毒供應室、污物轉運及大型地下停車場。

3 外景/Exterior view

4 總平面/Site plan

5 地下一層平面/Floor B1 plan

The design of Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital is the winning entry of a design competition held in 2003. The hospital is located at the development zone in the north-west part of the city， and is one of the key architecture projects by the municipal government of ZhangJiagang. The site area is barely developed except for a few scattered living quarters. Therefore， hardly any urban factors pose hindrances to the planning and design of the project. The design distinguishes itself from other healthcare facilities for its unique wholeness and its introduction of the modern concept of "Healthcare Promenade": a public system which integrates the clinics，emergency rooms， technical department， inpatient department，conference rooms， administrative offices， scientific research labs， training center， facility management and maintenance in a compact， circular structure， and creates an interactive and harmonious space for all visitors.

The inpatient building is situated at the north of the Promenade. It is an arc-shaped seventeen-story building with two nursing units on each floor and has a capacity of 1000 beds. The clinics， emergency rooms， technical department，administrative office， the scientific research laboratory and training center together make up the podium. Te Promenade acts as a datum， organizing all programs spatially around it to indicate the internal organizational logic of the hospital. A wide variety of courtyards is introduced between medical units for ventilation and natural daylighting while the greenery creates a comfortable environment for patients， visitors and stafs alike.

The outpatient clinic， emergency rooms， admission ofces， conference rooms and visitors lobby have independent entrances and exits. Te pediatrics， Medical Emergency Center，infusion area， and media center are on the frst foor. Te eggshaped lecture hall， seemingly foating on a basin， is designed and placed on the axis of the Promenade. It connects the main entrance with the outpatient department visually and creates a unique image for the Promenade entrance. Te function test unit， central laboratory units， the outpatient pharmacy and endoscopic center are placed and arranged around a public space on the second floor. The outpatient hall， a four-story building which is relatively independent yet closely connected with the entrance of the Healthcare Promenade， is an important space for assigning patients to diferent medical branches. Te waiting area faces a courtyard. Te design creates independent hallways for patients' circulation to each medical unit； while dedicated corridors and separated preparation cells for medical stafs are located on the other side of each unit away from the main Promenade. Te Surgery Department on the third foor has 16 operation rooms and is conveniently connected with the intensive care unit by an aseptic corridor. Te two departments are arranged in a circular manner forming a courtyard on the third floor. With the wire framing system， the fourth floor is designed as an ecological roof garden to efectively mitigate the heat island efect while providing a quiet venue for inpatients. Finally， the basement is designed and equipped with a mechanic room， a nutrition kitchen， a sterilization center， medical waste transit and a large underground parking lot.

6 外景/Exterior view

7 首層平面/Floor 1 plan

8 二層平面/Floor 2 plan

9 內景/Interior view

評論

張萬桑：孟建民先生于2003年設計、2007年7月竣工的張家港市第一人民醫院，通過將簡潔的“圓”與“井”這兩個圖層疊加所產生的形式張力引導出醫院功能的各項秩序。令人聯想到1980年代末期MoMA解構主義諸大師對各圖層純粹功能及形式獨立性，及其相互作用衍生出無窮深入空間可能性的探索。從柏拉圖到蒙德里安，從密斯到庫哈斯、屈米，對抽象幾何與功能間可能達成的對話與妥協從未停止。

屹立于21世紀初期高速發展與混亂并存的中國的這座醫院以其孤島般的內斂氣質，帶給使用者平和安寧的心境。每項功能元素自身被賦予清晰的可讀性，又被約束在一個圓形邊界內井形切割出的嚴整秩序之中。圓形的邊界控制讓建筑的各方向均具有等時的可達性；圓形邊界的開放性又使得從外部各個方向到來的人們具備了平等的可達性。

長方形邊界的內庭院為醫院各處帶來風、光和寧靜的花園，讓人想起古老中國的庭院；而外圍高聳的環形柱廊在體現出西醫醫院身份的同時，進一步強調了醫院作為公民公共活動空間的場所特征。這些被“切除”的負空間也為日后生長為建筑的正空間留有余地， 在那個時期已經具備了場景導向設計的端倪。

可能眾多使用者在此感受到對醫療行為的尊重和信仰，感受到這座醫院如同一個醫療關懷的圣殿；然而我，看到的卻是一位建筑師對一座醫療綜合體理想模型的探索和追求，以及這種模式對未來醫院設計的啟發。

Comments

Vincent Zhengmao Zhang: Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital， designed by MENG Jianmin in 2003 and completed in 2007， is functionally organized by a formal combination of two simple shapes， a circle and a water-well shape. It reminds us of the exploration of the pure function and independence of forms， as well as the spatial possibilities derived from their interactions， by those MoMA deconstruction masters in 1980s. From Plato to Mondrian， from Mies to Koolhass and Tschumi， we can see that the conversation and compromises between abstract form and function have never come to an end.

In the early 21st century， with a lot of chaos in the fast developing China， the hospital stands out as a lonely island with its conservative manner， providing a peaceful atmosphere for its users. Each functional element is given a clear readability while they are confined within a circular boundary， which helps to maintain the orderliness as a whole. Te control of the circular boundary enables equal accessibility towards every direction of the building； moreover， the openness of the circular boundary makes democratic access for people coming from diferent directions.

The rectangular inner courtyard brings fresh air and light as well as tranquil gardens to every corner of the hospital， which calls to mind the traditional Chinese courtyard； the tall ring colonnade at the periphery implies the identity of a western hospital while the public character of the place is further emphasized through it. These "subtracted" negative spaces also provide room for the positive space to build， which is an early sign of scenario-oriented design method.

For most users， they might gain respect and faith for medical treatment since this hospital serves as a sanctuary of medical care； for me， however， I see an architect's exploration and pursuit of an ideal model for medical complexes and its enlightenment to the future model of hospitals. （Translated by QI Yiyi）

周穎：現代醫院既要反映醫療技術的快速進步，也是社會經濟與地域文化的集中體現。因此，醫院建筑設計的中心課題可以概括為在經濟許可的范圍內對醫療效率與人文關懷兩個方面進行充分調和，以迎合患者、醫護人員以及醫院管理者等各方的不同訴求。當前，我國醫院建筑的特點是規模大小和功能復雜度等方面均大大超過了以往，因而簡單套用傳統的做法或國外經驗均不足取，建筑師必須在設計實踐中探索適合國情的新途徑。在近年來涌現出的眾多作品中，孟建民院士主持設計的張家港第一人民醫院是一個非常成功的范例。

該醫院的設計充分貫徹了孟院士提出的“醫院城”的理念。其中最顯著的特色是通過一條貫穿醫院整體的醫院街，將門診、急診、醫技、住院、行政管理、會議、科學研究、教學培訓、后勤服務等部門有機組合在一起。建筑造型簡潔美觀。醫院整體布局合理、結構清晰，各類流線便捷而互不干擾，各功能區域既相對獨立又緊密聯系，并在功能區域內部充分實現了醫患分離與潔污分流。在情感空間的營造方面，室內的醫院街與室外的景觀水池、廊柱等元素巧妙地融合在一起，在醫療單元之間則設計了形式豐富的庭院，為患者和醫護人員創造了一個溫馨舒適而又充滿情趣的就醫與工作環境。上述設計手法，均體現了建筑師獨具的匠心和深厚的功力。

值得一提的是，該醫院建成于十多年前，在這段期間，我國醫院建筑設計的理論和實踐均有很大的提高與發展。但張家港第一人民醫院的設計理念與手法并沒有過時，而是充分經受住了時代的考驗，非常值得我國廣大從事醫療建筑設計的建筑師與研究人員學習借鑒。

10 內景/Interior view

11 三層平面/Floor 3 plan

12 四層平面/Floor 4 plan

ZHOU Ying: Contemporary hospital architecture should not only refect the fast development of medical technology，but also be the embodiment of social economy and local culture. Therefore， the key to hospital architectural design could be summarized as: in order to cater the needs of diferent groups such as patients， medical staf and hospital administrators， it should strike a balance between medical efciency and humanistic care within the tolerable scope of economy. At present， the main feature of Chinese medical architecture is that the scale and functional complexity go far beyond those in the past. So instead of simply applying traditional practice or foreign experience， architects should explore new ways suitable for China in the course of their design practice. Among the countless projects appeared these years， Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital designed by Academician MENG Jianmin is a very successful case.

The hospital design fully reflects the "hospital town" concept proposed by MENG， of which the most striking feature is that the main hospital Promenade runs throughout the town. It organically links the following departments: outpatient， emergency， medical technology， in-patient，administration management， conference， scientifc research，teaching and training， and logistic services. The exterior form of the building looks simple and beautiful. Te overall layout is quite reasonable and the structure is pretty concise. So various circulations do not interfere with each other and different functional zones are relatively independent while intensely connected. Also， the doctor-patient separation and the separation between the clean and the polluted are achieved within each functional zones. As for the aspect of emotional space creation， the interior promenade combines ingeniously with the exterior elements such as the landscape pool and corridor columns. Between those medical units，a variety of courtyards are designed to provide a sweet，comfortable and interesting working atmosphere for the patients and medical staff. The above design methods fully show the designer's originality and profound skills.

It is worth mentioning that although the theory and practice of hospital architectural design has improved and developed a lot in the past decade， Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital， which was completed more than ten years ago， is not outdated. It has successfully withstood the test of time. Tus， for our architects and researchers who practice on hospital architecture design， it is worthwhile to learn from it.（Translated by QI Yiyi）

Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital， Jiangsu， China， 2007