短文改錯中代詞的12種考法

甄紅

代詞包括人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞、關(guān)系代詞等，但連接代詞和關(guān)系代詞可放到從句中考慮，疑問代詞在短文改錯中尚末涉及到，實際只考查了前面5類代詞，具體涉及12個方面，即12個微考點。

考點1：前后人稱不一致

人稱代詞：

（2008年課標(biāo)卷）...wed like to invite you to the exhibition. We would be grateful if you could join them that day.

解析：應(yīng)指“加入到我們當(dāng)中”才與上文的we一致，故改them為us。

物主代詞：

（2016年Ⅰ卷） My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time. Instead， he hopes that our business will grow steadily.

解析：根據(jù)主語he和上下文可知，指“他的”生意，用形容詞性物主代詞his，故改our為his。

反身代詞：

（2016年Ⅲ卷）I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.

解析：由句子的主語是I可知，是指由“我自己（myself）”作決定，故改yourself為myself。

考點2：前后單復(fù)數(shù)不一致

人稱代詞：

（2012年課標(biāo)卷） I was happy when the toys worked， but when things went wrong， I got angry and broke it.

解析：指代前句中的the toys，是復(fù)數(shù)，應(yīng)用them作broke的賓語，故改it為them。

（2014年大綱卷）Otherwise， it is impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship last long.

解析：由help each other和后面的their可知，要用復(fù)數(shù)，故改him為them。

（2011年大綱I卷）Nang is a special kind of cake in Xinjiang. I like them very much.

解析：替代前句中的a specially kind of cake，是單數(shù)，故改them為it。

物主代詞：

（2009年大綱I卷）The factory at the corner of Friendship Street and Zhongshan Road has been moved out of the city， and a sports center has been built in their place.

解析：指原來“那家工廠所在的”地方，單數(shù)，故改their為its。

考點3：前后性別不一致

人稱代詞：

（2010年大綱II卷）Before her leaving， I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him. She said...

解析：由上下文中的she可知朋友是女的，這里突然變成男的了，前后性別不一致，應(yīng)改him為her。

物主代詞：

（2009年大綱II卷）A little girl was hurt and his mother needed help.

解析：應(yīng)是指前面提到的“那個女孩的”媽媽，故改his為her。

考點4：代詞的漏用

人稱代詞：

（2016年Ⅲ卷）At last， I will be on my own， but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.

解析：根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，whenever引導(dǎo)狀語從句，從句中缺主語，應(yīng)填代詞；再根據(jù)句子意思，表示“我”需要幫助的時候，故在need前加I。

物主代詞：

（2015年II卷） 5. One day， little Tony went to a shopping center with his parents...he turned around and found that his parents were missing...Five minutes later， Tony saw parents.

解析：意思是Tony見到了“他的”父母，故在saw后面加his。上文也有明顯提示。

考點5：人稱代詞“格”的誤用

也就是人稱代詞主語與賓語的誤用。

（2007課標(biāo)）Three years ago， Li Mings parents invited I to spend two wonderful weeks in Qingdao with them during the summer holiday.

解析：作invited的賓語，要用人稱代詞的賓格，故改I為me。

考點6：物主代詞“性”的誤用

也就是名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞的誤用。

（2009年課標(biāo)卷）Im going to attend mine first lesson this afternoon， so Ive got some preparations to make. Keep in touch.

解析：在名詞前作定語要用形容詞性物主代詞，指“我的（my）”第一堂課，故改mine為my。

考點7：人稱代詞與物主代詞的誤用

（2007年大綱I卷）I was only about six when he held his hand out to me. I took it in me and we walked.

解析：意思是將他的手放到“我的手（my hand）”里，相當(dāng)于my hand，應(yīng)用mine，故將in后的me改為mine。

考點8：反身代詞與人稱代詞賓格作賓語的區(qū)別

（2013年I卷）He had a deep voice， which set himself apart from others...

解析：因做賓語的反身代詞應(yīng)與主語是指同一人或物，而此句為定語從句，其主語不是he，而是代表the deep voice的which，所以不能用himself，要改為him。意為：這種聲音使“他”與別人分離，故改himself為 him。

考點9：such與so的誤用

2. （2016年Ⅲ卷）At first， I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. However， my parents didnt seem to think such.

解析：指代上文中think的賓語從句，用so，表示“這樣”，故改 such為so。

考點10：many與much的誤用

（2016年Ⅱ卷）It does not cost many， yet we can still learn a lot.

解析：意思是“不會花費許多（錢）“，指代不可數(shù)名詞“錢（money）”，用代詞much，不用many，故改many為much。

考點11：anything與everything的誤用

（2009年課標(biāo)卷）Im glad to say that anything has worked out fine in the dorm.

解析：因anything常用于否定句或疑問句中，這里不合適；作者是想說，很高興告訴你，“一切（everything）”都很好，故改anything為everything。

考點12：this， that與it的誤用

（2008年課標(biāo)卷）We are organizing an art exhibition for high school students in the city. This will be held on the 9th of July in the Exhibition Hall of Beihai.

解析：指上句提到的“藝展”，即指代The art exhibition 用It，故改This為It。

盡管自2007年以來的全國卷只涉及以上12個考點，但以前沒有考查到的并不代表以后也不會考，因此，除重點復(fù)習(xí)和關(guān)注以上12個考點外，要按考綱所列語法項目進(jìn)行全面復(fù)習(xí)，才會在考試中左右逢源，游刃有余。

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