勞奇自宅，施林斯，奧地利

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：博爾茨豪瑟建筑事務(wù)所，馬丁·勞奇

勞奇自宅，施林斯，奧地利

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：博爾茨豪瑟建筑事務(wù)所，馬丁·勞奇

1 東立面/East facade

住宅地處俯瞰著奧地利福拉爾貝格的施林斯村。

該住宅的選材與造型在景觀環(huán)境中直接呼應(yīng)著狹長(zhǎng)場(chǎng)地的南向坡地特征——仿佛用土壓成的一尊以人工抽象自然的巨石。

兩條裂口表達(dá)出夯土建筑的特征，使其向后靠近峭壁，并面向山谷形成了一種朝前歡迎的姿態(tài)。住宅的室內(nèi)采用多個(gè)序列形式，以對(duì)應(yīng)各層不同的狀況。

不同于更有機(jī)、古老的粘土建筑，這座建筑的形態(tài)意在表達(dá)清晰和尖銳。插在特有的粘土層之間的泥磚帶通過(guò)強(qiáng)調(diào)水平性并突出表面肌理的光影效果，使建筑在視覺(jué)上更加穩(wěn)定。在材料與氛圍的層面上，這個(gè)空間序列通過(guò)不同處理過(guò)程的均衡疊加，真實(shí)地體現(xiàn)出從原始質(zhì)樸到雄壯不凡的演進(jìn)。

從整體上看，這座住宅就像一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)建筑，體現(xiàn)出建筑師羅杰·博爾茨豪瑟與夯土建筑大師、客戶馬丁·勞奇之間密切的設(shè)計(jì)合作，而經(jīng)后者親自動(dòng)手建造則是這座建筑最大的亮點(diǎn)。□（尚晉 譯）

2 總平面/Site plan

The site for the residential house oversees the village of Schlins in Vorarlberg, Austria.

The materiality and form of the residential house are direct reactions to the steep south-sloping situation of the slender plot in a landscape context -as if a monolithic block, similar to a piece of abstract and artificial nature, had been pressed out of the earth.

Two clefts articulate the building of rammed earth, wedging it backwards with the scarp and establishing a frontal prelude or welcoming gesture towards the valley. The interior of the house is developed in the form of sequences of spaces that respond storey-wise to the variable conditions.

As opposed to more organic, archaic clay architecture, the morphology of the building aims towards a certain clarity and sharpness. The strips of clay bricks that are inserted between the typical clay layers optically stabilise the building structure by emphasising the horizontality and heightening the light and shadow effects of the surface texture. At a material-atmospheric level the spatial sequence shows a succession that literally ascends from the raw and archaic to the distinguished splendour through a balanced overlaying of different treatment processes.

Taken as a whole, the house is a laboratorylike experiment, depicting the close planning cooperation between the architect Roger Boltshauser and the master clay builder and client Martin Rauch, culminating in his own hands-on construction of the building.□

3 南立面及入口/South facade and entrance

4 地下一層平面/Floor -1 plan

5 首層平面/Floor 0 plan

6 二層平面/Floor 1 plan

7 朝向山坡北側(cè)的天然地窖，完全被斜坡覆蓋/Natural cellar towards the hillside (north), entirely covered by the slope

評(píng)論

劉珩：該建筑的承重外墻以夯土筑成，并插入勻質(zhì)的薄磚帶作為防腐處理。內(nèi)部厚重的夯土結(jié)構(gòu)借由植物纖維和粘土灰漿達(dá)到絕緣的效果。梁和樓板結(jié)構(gòu)放置于夯土外墻上。內(nèi)部樓梯間體現(xiàn)了夯土的絕佳質(zhì)感，中和了水泥在其他空間的應(yīng)用。旋轉(zhuǎn)而上的踏步串聯(lián)起3層空間，飄逸的黑色金屬擋板這樣現(xiàn)代的材料，與古樸質(zhì)感的夯土形成對(duì)比。連接方式上刻意弱化了金屬擋板的受力，使其像是漂浮在樓梯踏步之上，迎合并突出了樓梯間向上的動(dòng)勢(shì)。夯土體系的運(yùn)用，與室內(nèi)功能以及其他表面處理有機(jī)銜接，讓空間得以從容、得體、自然和多變。

穆鈞：業(yè)主的身份和作為自宅的項(xiàng)目性質(zhì)，使馬丁·勞奇能夠獲得相對(duì)寬裕的自由度，將自己多年的夯土營(yíng)建經(jīng)驗(yàn)加以總結(jié)，并在建筑師羅杰·博爾茨豪瑟的支援下進(jìn)行更具系統(tǒng)性的應(yīng)用探索。生土，作為就地可取的自然材料，以不同的形式被充分地運(yùn)用于墻身、樓地面、內(nèi)飾面、樓梯等一系列建筑要素。尤其值得稱道的是，源于地方傳統(tǒng)的夯土營(yíng)造工藝，與現(xiàn)代建筑空間以及結(jié)構(gòu)體系有機(jī)地融合在一起，而其在力學(xué)和耐水性能方面固有的局限性，通過(guò)一系列富有創(chuàng)造性甚至開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的構(gòu)造設(shè)計(jì)與施工工藝革新，得到了有效的克服或規(guī)避，使生土材料所具有的生態(tài)應(yīng)用潛力及其相應(yīng)的建筑語(yǔ)言，得到了淋漓盡致的發(fā)揮。不論在國(guó)際現(xiàn)代夯土建筑還是在綠色建筑領(lǐng)域，勞奇自宅作為一個(gè)實(shí)踐探索的典范，具有普遍公認(rèn)的里程碑意義。

8 廚房和餐廳外的東側(cè)陽(yáng)臺(tái)/East terrace adherent with the kitchen and dining room

9 橫剖面/Cross section

10 連接右側(cè)陽(yáng)臺(tái)和后側(cè)工作室的廚房/Kitchen, access to the east terrace (to the right) and the studio (in the back)

11 從餐廳看西側(cè)休息平臺(tái)/View from dining room to west terrace

Comments

LIU Heng:The load-bearing exterior walls are built with rammed earth, inserted are evenly thin band of tiles as erosion checks, while the interior massive rammed earth building is insulated with reed and finished with clay plaster. The beams and floor constructions rest on the exterior rammed earth walls. The staircase reveals the texture of rammed earth inside, counteracting to other plastered spaces. The oval spiral staircase connects all three levels. The use of the elegant and smooth black metal balustrade forms a contrast to the archaic and rammed earth. The inner metal balustrade is not connected to the stair, so the balustrade appears to be floating on the steps. The rammed-earth system, comprehensively connected with the interior functions and other treatments, makes the spaces leisurely, appropriate, natural, and varied. (Translated by WANG Xinxin)

MU Jun:The nature of the project as the masters clay builder's own residence has granted Martin Rauch relatively ample freedom to concretize years of earth-based construction experience, while support from architect Roger Boltshauser facilitates more systematic exploration for further application. Raw Earth, as a locally sourced natural material, has been extensively used for various building elements such as wall, floor, interior finish and staircase. It is particularly worth mentioning that the rammed-earth technique which has originated from local traditions can be organically integrated with modern architectural spaces and structural systems. In this manner, its inherent limits on mechanical and waterproofing performance can be effectively overcome or avoided by means of various creative or original tectonic designs and innovations in construction, so that the ecological application potentials and the corresponding architectural language of earthen material be full-blown. Whether in the field of advanced earthen architecture or in that of green architecture, House Rauch is universally recognized as a milestone for its exemplary exploration in construction practice. (Translated by SHANG Jin)

12 起居室/Living room

13 縱剖面/Longitudinal section

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Architects: 博爾茨豪瑟建筑事務(wù)所，馬丁·勞奇/Roger Boltshauser, Zurich (Switzerland)，Martin Rauch (Schlins, Austria)

客戶/Client: 瑪爾塔·勞奇與馬丁·勞奇/Marta Rauch and Martin Rauch

項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理/Project Management: Tomas Kamm

結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Structural Engineer: Josef Tomaselli (Nenzing, Austria)

陶瓷藝術(shù)/Ceramic Artwork: Marta Rauch-Debevec, Sebastian Rauch

建筑面積/Floor Area: 290m2

建造周期/Construction Phase: 2005-2008

攝影/Photos: Albrecht Schnabel (fig.1,8,11,12), Beat Bühler (fig.3,7,14,16,17,18), Benedikt Redmann (fig.10)

House Rauch, Schlins, Austria, 2008

Architects: Boltshauser Architekten, Martin Rauch

14 自然光下通向二層的夯土樓梯/Rammed earth staircase with natural lighting, with entrance to the second floor

15 貫穿3層空間的軸測(cè)示意/Axonometric of room development through all three stories

16 樓梯的鋼欄桿/Steel balustrade of the staircase

17 鋪裝有瑪爾塔·勞奇和塞巴斯蒂安·勞奇手工燒制瓷磚的二層盥洗室/Bathroom (second floor) with handmade Raku tiles by Marta Rauch and Sebastian Rauch

18 臥室/Sleeping room