冉紅+黎武+楊曉+徐珍+賀春明+蔣婷



摘 要:該文基于90m分辨率的SRTM DEM數據,采用窗口分析法提取重慶市的地形起伏度,通過均值變點法確定提取重慶市地形起伏度的最佳統計單元為90×90,基于最佳統計單元提取出地形起伏度,然后完成重慶市地形起伏度的分級和制圖,最后利用地形起伏度對重慶市水土流失狀況進行評價。結果表明:重慶市地形起伏度整體上以大起伏為主,所占比例為42.66%,其次是極大起伏度,比例為30%。地形起伏度與水土流失在空間分布上具有一致性,即水土流失程度隨地形起伏度的增加而加重,北部大巴山、東部巫山以及南部大婁山區等整體起伏度較大,水力侵蝕以重度以及強烈侵蝕為主,水土流失最為嚴重。西部平行嶺谷區及盆周山地地形起伏度則很和緩,水土流失較輕微。由此可見,地形起伏度的分析研究對于區域水土流失評價具有重要意義。
關鍵詞:地形起伏度;水土流失;均值變點法;重慶市
中圖分類號 P283 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-7731(2017)09-0092-04
Abstract:Based on the 90m resolution SRTM DEM data,using the Windows analysis to extract the relief amplitude of Chongqing City. Through the mean of change-point method,it determines the optimum statistical unit is 90×90 grid unit. Then extract the relief amplitude of Chongqing City which is basing on the optimum statistical unit. Next,the classification and mapping of Chongqing City relief amplitude grade was completed. Finally,assessing the situation of soil and water loss by using relief. The result show that,the relief amplitude of Chongqing City dominated by big relief,which is accounted for 42.66 percent. The next is great relief amplitude,which is accounted for about 30 percent. The space distribution of water and soil loss have much consistency in the relief amplitude,namely the degree of water and soil loss aggravate as the relief amplitude increase. The overall relief amplitude of the DaBa Mountain which is located in the North of Chongqing,the Wu Mountain which is located in the east of Chongqing,and the Daloushan Mountain is located in the South of Chongqing are larger. The water erosion is mainly made of severe erosion and violent erosion,the water and soil erosion is most seriously. The relief amplitude of the Paralleled Ridge-valley which is located in the west and the Mountain regions around Sichuan Basin is gentle. Thus,the analysis of relief amplitude have important meaning for assessing the water and soil loss.
Key words:Relief amplitude;Water and soil loss;The mean of change-point method;Chongqing City
水土流失是指由各種外營力(如水力、風力、重力、凍融等)引起的水土資源和土地生產力的破壞和損失,包括土地表層侵蝕和水的損失的現象,也稱為水土損失[1]。水土流失是導致土地退化的重要原因之一,而我國是世界上水土流失最嚴重的國家之一,截至20世紀末,我國水土流失面積達356萬km2,占國土面積的37%,且目前仍呈增長趨勢。水土流失研究按照研究尺度的不同可劃分為3個層次:區域、小流域和坡面研究,其中區域水土流失研究是土壤侵蝕研究的重要內容[2]。但目前國內外關于水土流失的研究主要集中在小流域和坡面等小尺度范圍,而對區域水土流失的研究相對較少。重慶市是我國嚴重水土流失的地區之一,據統計,2014年重慶市水土流失總面積為3.08萬km2,占重慶市土地總面積的37.34%,水土流失已成為重慶市經濟發展和社會發展的重要的限制因素之一。
區域水土流失評價的重要基礎工作就是對多種空間尺度上的地形因子進行選擇、提取和應用。地形起伏度作為重要的地形因子能夠反映區域地表起伏特征。地形的起伏是導致水土流失最直接的原因,使用地形起伏度來評價水土流失,不僅具有數學意義,還具備土壤侵蝕和地貌學意義[3]。因此,對重慶市地形起伏度進行提取,然后用其評價水土流失,對重慶市水土流失宏觀分析與趨勢預測以及水土保持工作具有重要意義。