徐 茜,馮 如,閭永健,岳蘇陽,費素娟
血清胃泌素-17在結腸息肉患者中的表達及臨床意義
徐 茜,馮 如,閭永健,岳蘇陽,費素娟
目的 探討血清胃泌素-17(G-17)與結腸息肉發生的相關性,評價其在結腸息肉篩查中的輔助診斷價值。方法 選擇2015年12月—2016年10月我院194例結腸息肉患者作為結腸息肉組,另選擇同期100例經結腸鏡檢查無明顯異常者作為對照組。通過酶聯免疫吸附法檢測兩組血清G-17水平及G-17陽性率,進一步繪制受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線,尋找診斷結腸息肉的最佳界值。再對結腸息肉組進行亞組分析,觀察血清G-17水平與結腸息肉病理類型、發生部位及數量的關系。結果 結腸息肉組血清G-17水平明顯高于對照組(t=7.513,P=0.000),G-17陽性率也顯著高于對照組(χ2=91.424,P=0.000)。ROC曲線顯示,G-17診斷結腸息肉的最佳界值為15.16 pmol/L,診斷敏感性為61.7%、特異性為81.2%。結腸息肉組亞組分析顯示,惡性程度較高的腺瘤性息肉亞組與炎性、增生性、混合性息肉亞組相比,G-17水平顯著升高,差異有統計學意義(vs炎性息肉亞組:t=3.265,P=0.002;vs增生性息肉亞組:t=2.210,P=0.039;vs混合性息肉亞組:t=2.122,P=0.034);但息肉發生部位、息肉數量與G-17水平無關。結論 血清G-17可能與結腸息肉的發生及病理類型相關,有望成為臨床預測和篩查結腸息肉的一種方法。
結腸息肉;胃泌素-17;預測;篩查

胃泌素由Modlin等[1]發現并命名,是由胃竇、十二指腸G細胞分泌的一種肽類激素,對于促進胃蛋白酶原和胃酸分泌、調節胃腸道功能,以及營養和促進消化道黏膜生長具有重要作用[2]。在胃泌素的眾多亞型中,胃泌素-17(G-17)占80%~90%,其作用也最為重要[3]。目前G-17已經應用于早期胃癌的篩查,常與胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ(PG Ⅰ)、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ(PG Ⅱ)及PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ(PGR)聯合檢測,用來提示胃黏膜的功能狀態。陸續有研究表明,胃泌素與結腸癌的發生發展密切相關[4],但結腸息肉尤其是作為結腸癌癌前狀態的腺瘤性息肉與胃泌素的關系尚存在爭議。本研究旨在探索血清G-17與結腸息肉的相關性。
1.1 研究對象 選取2015年12月—2016年10月因消化道癥狀到我院,經胃、腸鏡聯合檢查確診的結腸息肉194例作為結腸息肉組,并經病史采集及病理檢查排除炎癥性腸病、慢性萎縮性胃炎、消化性潰瘍、胃癌及癌變息肉者,均無胃手術病史、家族性腺瘤性息肉家族史。另選擇同期經結腸鏡檢查無明顯異常者100例作為對照組。結腸息肉組男153例,女41例;年齡(58.74±11.43)歲。對照組男75例,女25例;年齡(54.47±13.04)歲。兩組間性別、年齡差異均無統計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 血清G-17水平檢測:取兩組患者空腹外周血3 ml,室溫靜置1 h,離心取血清,分裝后加入G-17穩定劑,-20℃保存。采用酶聯免疫吸附法檢測患者血清G-17水平,按照G-17抗體Elisa試劑盒(購自芬蘭Biohit Oyj公司)說明書進行檢測。G-17正常值范圍:1~15 pmol/L,以>15 pmol/L為陽性。進一步繪制受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線,尋找G-17診斷結腸息肉的最佳界值。
1.2.2 相關性分析:采用FUJINON EG-450 WR5電子結腸鏡和FUJINON EG-450 R5電子胃鏡觀察結腸息肉組患者息肉的部位、數量及黏膜,分析血清G-17水平與結腸息肉臨床特點的關系。

2.1 血清G-17水平比較 結腸息肉組血清G-17水平及陽性率均明顯高于對照組,差異均有統計學意義(P<0.01),見表1。ROC曲線分析得出,曲線下面積為0.739(95% CI:0.682,0.795),G-17診斷結腸息肉的最佳界值為15.16 pmol/L,診斷敏感性為61.7%,特異性為81.2%。見圖1。

表1 結腸息肉患者與非結腸息肉者血清胃泌素-17水平及陽性率比較

圖1 胃泌素-17診斷結腸息肉的受試者工作特征曲線

2.2 血清G-17與息肉特征的關系 經內鏡下息肉組織病理檢查分為4個亞組,炎性息肉組26例,血清水平為G-17(9.19±3.08)pmol/L;增生性息肉組74例,血清G-17水平為(17.56±2.44)pmol/L;腺瘤性息肉組42例,血清G-17水平為(31.21±4.94)pmol/L;混合性息肉組52例,血清G-17水平為(16.73±3.37)pmol/L。腺瘤性息肉組血清G-17水平明顯高于其他3組,差異均有統計學意義(腺瘤性息肉組vs炎性息肉組:t=3.265,P=0.002;腺瘤性息肉組vs增生性息肉組:t=2.210,P=0.039; 腺瘤性息肉組vs混合性息肉組:t=2.122,P=0.034),余3組間兩兩比較差異均無統計學意義(P>0.05)。不同部位、不同數量結腸息肉患者血清G-17水平比較差異均無統計學意義(P>0.05)。見表2。

表2 194例不同部位、數量結腸息肉患者血清胃泌素-17水平比較

結腸息肉從病理類型上可分為腫瘤性息肉和非腫瘤性息肉兩種,其中腫瘤性息肉包括腺瘤性息肉、不典型增生性息肉等,非腫瘤性息肉則包括炎性息肉、幼年性息肉及增生性息肉等。腺瘤性息肉占所有結腸息肉的76.5%。早在1976年,Morson[4]就提出,50%~70%的結直腸癌來源于結直腸腺瘤,腺瘤性息肉的癌變率為2.9%~9.4%。隨著研究的深入,發現超過90%的結直腸癌由結直腸腺瘤衍變而來,目前腺瘤-腺癌演變理論已被廣泛接受認可。美國消化病學會和消化內鏡學會(AGA/ASGE)消化道腫瘤篩查指南指出,腺瘤性息肉可視為結腸癌的癌前狀態。
G-17是胃泌素的主要成分,其分泌可受乙酰膽堿、組胺、蛋白類以及分解產物氨基酸的影響。大量研究已經證實,高胃泌素血癥是萎縮性胃炎、胃癌的高危因素;在胃癌患者中,胃泌素與腫瘤的浸潤轉移同樣相關[5-7]。隨著研究的深入,發現血清胃泌素還與除胃癌外的其他消化道腫瘤的發生、發展有一定聯系[8-12]。Lee等[12]在動物模型上驗證,高胃泌素血癥可以引起食管上皮化生和不典型增生,從而促進Barrett食管進展甚至導致食管腺癌的形成。Marshall等[9]研究表明,血清胃泌素通過MAPK信號傳導通路加速結腸癌的發生、發展。結腸息肉作為結腸癌的癌前高危狀態,關于其與胃泌素的關系,目前尚仍存在一定爭議[13-14]。本研究發現,結腸息肉患者血清G-17水平較高,然而其升高水平與息肉發生部位、息肉數量并不相關,但通過病理學分組比較,具有高癌變風險的腺瘤性息肉亞組G-17水平顯著高于炎性、增生性及混合性息肉亞組。
由于臨床所檢測的血清胃泌素有正常值范圍,為更簡化應用于臨床,我們在本試驗中設置了G-17陽性范圍。本研究血清G-17<1 pmol/L者,對照組無,結腸息肉組有1例,故以高于正常血清G-17水平者視為陽性,結果發現,結腸息肉組血清G-17陽性率較對照組有顯著差異;通過ROC曲線計算得出G-17診斷結腸息肉的最佳界值為15.16 pmol/L,診斷敏感性為61.7%、特異性為81.2%。
綜上,我們認為血清G-17可應用于結腸息肉患者的預測篩查,可提高結腸息肉特別是腺瘤性息肉的檢出率,對于結腸癌的預防有一定的臨床意義。但本試驗對象尚存在地域局限性,有待進一步多中心的大樣本研究及相關機制的研究驗證。
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Expression and Significance of Serum Gastrin-17 in Patients with Colonic Polyps
XU Qian1, FENG Ru1, LYU Yong-jian1, YUE Su-yang1, FEI Su-juan2
(1. Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China; 2. Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China)
Objective To investigate correlation between serum gastrin-17 (G-17) and colonic polyps pathogenesy, and to evaluate its diagnostic value in screening colonic polyp. Methods A total of 194 cases of colonic polyps during December 2015 and October 2016 were selected as colonic polyps group, and other 100 cases without colonic abnormalities at the same period were chosen as control group. Serum G-17 levels and G-17 positive rates were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and receiver operating curve (ROC) was drawn further to find the best cut-off value in diagnosis of colonic polyps. Relationships between serum G-17 level and pathological types, lesion locations and number of colonic polyps were observed by subgroup analysis of colonic polyps. Results In colonic polyps group, serum G-17 level was significantly higher (t=7.513,P=0.000), and the positive rate of G-17 was significantly higher than those in control group (χ2=91.424,P=0.000). ROC showed that the best cut-off value of G-17 in diagnosis of colonic polyps was 15.16 pmol/L, and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 61.7% and 81.2% respectively. The subgroup analysis of colonic polyps group showed that the G-17 level was significantly higher in the subgroup of adenomatous polyposis with higher malignant degree than those in inflammatory, proliferative and mixed polyps subgroups, and the differences were statistically significant (vs inflammation subgroup:t=3.265,P=0.002; vs hyperplasia subgroup:t=2.210,P=0.039; vs mixed subgroup:t=2.122,P=0.034); but G-17 levels showed no relationships with the location and number of polyps. Conclusion Serum G-17 may be associated with pathogenesy and pathological types of colonic polyps, and it is expected to be a method for clinical prediction and screening of colonic polyps.
Colon polyps; Gastrin-17; Forecasting; Screening
江蘇省高校自然科學研究項目(14KJB320021)
221002 江蘇 徐州,徐州醫科大學(徐茜、馮如、閭永健、岳蘇陽);221002 江蘇 徐州,徐州醫科大學附屬醫院消化內科(費素娟)
費素娟,電話:18361263165;E-mail:xyfyfeisj99@163.com
R735.35
A
1002-3429(2017)07-0085-04
10.3969/j.issn.1002-3429.2017.07.026
2016-11-23 修回時間:2017-04-06)