徐偉干,姜駿,符岳,羅銀秋,霍健楊,黃祖華
(佛山市第一人民醫院,廣東佛山528000)
WIC評分預測心肺復蘇后自主循環恢復患者預后的價值
徐偉干,姜駿,符岳,羅銀秋,霍健楊,黃祖華
(佛山市第一人民醫院,廣東佛山528000)
目的探討查爾森合并癥指數(WIC)評分預測心肺復蘇后自主循環恢復患者預后的價值。方法選擇實施心肺復蘇后自主循環恢復的成年心臟驟停患者182例,入院72 h死亡139例(死亡組)、存活43例(存活組)。收集兩組臨床資料,包括一般資料(性別、年齡)、基礎疾病(心肌梗死、充血性心力衰竭、周圍血管疾病、腦血管意外、癡呆、慢性肺部疾病、結締組織病、潰瘍病、輕度肝損害、糖尿病、偏癱、中重度腎臟疾病、糖尿病伴器官損害、腫瘤、中重度肝臟疾病)、并發癥[膿毒癥、多器官功能衰竭(MODS)]以及WIC評分、急性生理與慢性健康狀況評分Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ評分)。采用單因素和多因素Logistic回歸分析分析患者預后的影響因素。繪制受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線,評估WIC評分預測患者預后的效能。結果單因素分析顯示,年齡、并發癥(膿毒癥、MODS)、WIC評分、APACHE Ⅱ評分可能與患者預后有關(P均<0.05),性別、基礎疾病與患者預后無關(P均>0.05)。多因素Logistic回歸分析顯示,年齡(OR=1.050,95%CI:1.008~1.094)、WIC評分(OR=1.544,95%CI:1.058~2.254)、APACHE Ⅱ評分(OR=1.471,95%CI:1.204~1.796)、合并MODS(OR=3.207,95%CI:1.321~7.789)是患者預后的獨立影響因素(P均<0.05)。ROC曲線分析顯示,WIC評分、APACHE Ⅱ評分及二者聯合對患者預后預測概率的曲線下面積分別為0.723(95%CI:0.648~0.817)、0.806(95%CI:0.727~0.885)、0.822(95%CI:0.749~0.895);二者聯合和單獨APACHE Ⅱ評分預測患者預后的ROC曲線下面積明顯大于單獨WIC評分(Z分別為2.659、2.125,P均<0.05),但二者聯合與單獨APACHE Ⅱ評分預測患者預后的ROC曲線下面積比較P>0.05。結論WIC評分可用于預測心肺復蘇后自主循環恢復患者預后,聯合APACHE Ⅱ評分效果更佳。
心肺復蘇;自主循環恢復;查爾森合并癥指數評分;急性生理與慢性健康狀況Ⅱ評分;預后
目前,心肺復蘇后自主循環恢復患者病死率仍較高[1,2]。急性生理與慢性健康狀況評分Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ評分 )是心肺復蘇后自主循環恢復患者病情程度和預后評估的常用指標[3],但需根據患者入院24 h內各項指標的最差值綜合計算,項目多且計算繁鎖。查爾森合并癥指數(WIC)評分是基于19種基礎疾病的評分系統,簡單實用[4],可用于評價ICU危重患者預后[5,6]。但其能否用于預測心肺復蘇后自主循環恢復患者預后尚不清楚。為此,我們于2012年1月~2016年1月進行了相關研究。
1.1 臨床資料 選擇同期在佛山市第一人民醫院實施心肺復蘇后自主循環恢復的成年心臟驟停患者182例。納入標準:①年齡≥18歲;②實施心肺復蘇后自主循環恢復≥24 h;③臨床資料完整。排除標準:①外傷所致心臟停搏或有心臟手術史者;②入ICU時間≤24 h者;③中途放棄治療者。患者入院72 h死亡139例(死亡組),存活43例(存活組)。
1.2 研究方法 收集兩組臨床資料,包括一般資料(性別、年齡)、基礎疾病(心肌梗死、充血性心力衰竭、周圍血管疾病、腦血管意外、癡呆、慢性肺部疾病、結締組織病、潰瘍病、輕度肝損害、糖尿病、偏癱、中重度腎臟疾病、糖尿病伴器官損害、腫瘤、中重度肝臟疾病)、并發癥(包括膿毒癥、多器官功能衰竭(MODS)]。入院24 h內,按WIC評分表計算WIC評分;根據APACHE Ⅱ評分量表,計算APACHE Ⅱ評分。

2.1 兩組臨床資料比較 一般資料:死亡組男84例、女55例,年齡(67.1±12.2)歲;存活組男30例、女13例,年齡(59.1±9.03)歲;兩組性別比例比較P>0.05,年齡比較P<0.05。基礎疾病:死亡組心肌梗死23例、充血性心力衰竭31例、周圍血管疾病4例、腦血管意外46例、癡呆5例、慢性肺部疾病63例、結締組織病7例、潰瘍病8例、輕度肝損害25例、糖尿病29例、偏癱8例、中重度腎臟疾病32例、糖尿病伴器官損害5例、腫瘤14例、中重度肝臟疾病11例,存活組分別為5、7、2、11、2、18、4、4、10、13、4、5、3、3、5例,兩組比較P>0.05。并發癥:死亡組并發膿毒癥42例、MODS 87例,存活組分別6、12例,兩組比較P均<0.05。死亡組及存活組WIC評分分別為(2.81±1.4)、(1.72±1.0)分,APACHE Ⅱ評分分別為(20.06±2.6)、(17.05±2.4)分,兩組比較P均<0.05。
2.2 心肺復蘇后自主循環恢復患者預后的影響因素分析 以心肺復蘇后自主循環恢復患者預后作為因變量,單因素分析篩選出有統計學意義的變量作為自變量,進行多因素Logistic回歸分析。結果顯示,年齡、APACHE Ⅱ評分、WIC評分、合并MODS是心肺復蘇后自主循環恢復患者預后的獨立影響因素(P均<0.05)。見表1。

表1 心肺復蘇后自主循環恢復患者預后的 多因素Logistic回歸分析
2.3 WIC評分預測心肺復蘇后自主循環恢復患者預后的效能 ROC曲線分析顯示,WIC評分、APACHE Ⅱ評分及二者聯合預測心肺復蘇后自主循環恢復患者72 h存活概率的曲線下面積分別為0.723(95%CI:0.648~0.817)、0.806(95%CI:0.727~0.885)、0.822(95%CI:0.749~0.895)。二者聯合或單獨APACHE Ⅱ評分預測患者預后的ROC曲線下面積明顯大于單獨WIC評分(Z分別為2.659、2.125,P均<0.05),但二者聯合與單獨APACHE Ⅱ評分預測患者預后的ROC曲線下面積比較P>0.05。見插頁Ⅰ圖2。
國外研究發現,盡管部分心搏驟停患者行心肺復蘇后可恢復自主循環,但昏迷者存活率僅30.4%[7]。隨著患者年齡增大,其存活率逐漸降低,甚至降至4%[8]。目前,評價危重患者病情程度、預測死亡概率主要通過APACHE Ⅱ評分、簡化急性生理評分等[9,10]。這些評分系統不能充分評估患者基礎疾病狀態,繼而影響預測患者預后的準確性。
WIC評分是一種快速評價患者基礎疾病嚴重程度的評分系統,可用于評價患者生存率及預后。目前已證實,WIC評分可判斷許多疾病的不良預后,如惡性種瘤、冠心病、腦卒中等[11,12]。心臟驟停患者常存在高血壓、冠心病、糖尿病等多種基礎疾病,WIC評分可對其基礎疾病進行量化評分,可能有助于評估患者預后。有報道顯示,心臟驟停患者心肺復蘇自主循環恢復后出現MODS可能是患者早期死亡的重要原因之一[13]。心臟驟停患者心肺復蘇自主循環恢復后,機體處于多器官功能紊亂狀態,多數患者死亡發生在自主循環恢復24 h內[14]。本研究結果顯示,心肺復蘇后自主循環恢復患者預后與患者年齡、是否并發MODS有關。因此,決定患者預后的因素,不僅是疾病本身,醫療干預也是重要因素。本研究單因素分析顯示,年齡、并發癥(膿毒癥、MODS)、WIC評分、APACHE Ⅱ評分可能與患者預后有關;而性別、基礎疾病與患者預后無關。多因素Logistic回歸分析顯示,年齡、WIC評分、APACHE Ⅱ評分、合并MODS是患者預后的獨立影響因素。ROC曲線分析顯示,APACHE Ⅱ評分及WIC評分聯合APACHE Ⅱ評分預測患者預后的價值高于WIC評分,與Innocenti等[15]報道一致。但WIC評分所需數據易獲得,且計算簡便,因而其應用價值更大。
綜上所述,WIC評分應用便捷,易于在臨床開展,在心肺復蘇后自主循環恢復患者臨床情況難以判斷以及實難室數據不完善時,WIC評分的優勢比較明顯。
[1] Kohler M, Thomas A, Geyer H, et al. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the elderly: analysis of the events in the emergency department[J]. Emerg Care J, 2013,9(1):18- 19.
[2] Chan PS, Krumholz HM, Spertus JA, et al. Automated external defibrillators and survival after in- hospital cardiac arrest[J]. JAMA, 2011,304(19):2129- 2136.
[3] Sathianathan K, Tiruvoipati R, Vij S. Prognostic factors associated with hospital survival in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest[J]. World J Crit Care Med, 2016,5(1):103- 106.
[4] S?holm H, Hassager C, Lippert F, et al. Factors associated with successful resuscitation after out- of- hospital cardiac arrest and temporal trends in survival and comorbidity[J]. Ann Emerg Med, 2015,65(5):523- 531.
[5] Cui Y, Wang T, Bao J, et al. Comparison of charlson′s weighted index of comorbidities with the chronic health score for the prediction of mortality in septic patients[J]. Chin Med J (Engl), 2014,127(14):2623- 2627.
[6] Song SE, Lee SH, Jo EJ, et al. The Prognostic value of the charlson′s comorbidity index in patients with prolonged acute mechanical ventilation: a single center experience[J]. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul), 2016,79(4):289- 294.
[7] Mallikethi- Reddy S, Briasoulis A, Akintoye E, et al. Incidence and survival after in- hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation in nonelderly adults: US experience, 2007 to 2012[J]. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 2017,10(2):e003194.
[8] van de Glind EM, van Munster BC, van de Wetering FT, et al. Pre- arrest predictors of survival after resuscitation from out- of- hospital cardiac arrest in the elderly a systematic review[J]. BMC Geriatr, 2013(13):68.
[9] Aminiahidashti H, Bozorgi F, Montazer SH, et al. Comparison of APACHE Ⅱ and SAPS Ⅱ scoring systems in prediction of critically Ⅲ patients′ outcome[J]. Emerg (Tehran), 2017,5(1):e4.
[10] Godinjak A, Iglica A, Rama A, et al. Predictive value of SAPS Ⅱ and APACHE Ⅱ scoring systems for patient outcome in a medical intensive care unit[J]. Acta Med Acad, 2016,45(2):97- 103.
[11] Radovanovic D, Seifert B, Urban P, et al. Validity of charlson comorbidity index in patients hospitalised with acute coronary syndrome. Insights from the nationwide AMIS Plus registry 2002- 2012[J]. Heart, 2014,100(4):288- 294.
[12] Jimenez Caballero PE, Lopez Espuela F, Portilla Cuenca JC, et al. Charlson comorbidity index in ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage as predictor of mortality and functional outcome after 6 months[J]. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 2013,22(7):e214- e218.
[13] 李南,張東,王育珊,等.心肺復蘇后多器官功能障礙綜合征的臨床分析[J].中華急診醫學雜志,2010,19(7):680- 683.
[14] Xue JK, Leng QY, Gao YZ, et al. Factors influencing outcomes after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in emergency department[J]. World J Emerg Med, 2013,4(3):183- 189.
[15] Innocenti F, Tozzi C, Donnini C, et al. SOFA score in septic patients: incremental prognostic value over age, comorbidities, and parameters of sepsis severity[J]. Inter Emerg Med, 2017(10):1- 8.
PredictivevalueofWICinprognosisofpatientswithrestorationofspontaneouscirculationaftercardiopulmonaryresuscitation
XUWeigan,JIANGJun,FUYue,LUOYinqiu,HUOJianyang,HUANGZuhua
(TheFirstPeople′sHospitalofFoshan,Foshan528000,China)
ObjectiveTo explore the predictive value of Charlson′s weighted index of comorbidities (WIC) in predicting the prognosis of patients with restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).MethodsA retrospective review was performed for the patients with ROSC after CPR. In 182 enrolled patients, 139 patients died and 43 patients survived. The clinical data were recorded including general information (gender, age), original diseases (myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular accident, dementia, chronic lung diseases, connective tissue disease, ulcers, mild liver damage, diabetes, hemiplegia, moderately severe kidney disease, diabetes accompanied with organ damage, tumors, and moderately severe liver diseases, etc.), complications [sepsis and multiple organ failure (MODS)] and WIC score, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score. The logistic regression was used and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to calculate the prognosis of ROSC patients.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed that age, complications (sepsis and MODS), WIC score and APACHE Ⅱ score were independently associated with the prognosis of patients with CRP after ROSC (allP<0.05); gender and original diseases had nothing to do with the prognosis of ROSC patients (allP>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.050, 95%CI:1.008- 1.094), WIC score (OR=0.544, 95%CI:1.058- 2.254), APACHE Ⅱ score (OR=1.471, 95%CI:1.204- 1.796) and having MODS or not (OR=3.207, 95%CI:1.321- 7.789) were independently associated with the prognosis of ROSC patients (allP<0.05). ROC curve areas of WIC score, APACHE II score and the combination of the two in predicting the prognosis of patients were 0.723 (95%CI:0.648- 0.817), 0.806 (95%CI:0.727- 0.885), 0.822 (95%CI:0.749- 0.895). The predictive value of the combination of the two and APACHE II score were greater than that of WIC score in predicting prognosis (Z=2.659, 2.125, allP<0.05). But there was no significant difference between the combination of the two and APACHE Ⅱ score (P>0.05).ConclusionWCI score can be used for predicting the prognosis of patients with ROSC after CPR, which is more convenient and easy to carry out.
cardiopulmonary resuscitation; return of spontaneous circulation; Charlson′s weighted index of comorbidities; Acute physiology and chronic health Ⅱ score; prognosis
佛山市科技創新項目(2016AG100511)。
徐偉干(1985- ),男,主治醫師,主要研究方向為心肺腦復蘇、中毒及急危重癥。E- mail: 113101993@qq.com
姜駿(1972- ),男,副主任醫師,主要研究方向為腦復蘇后病理生理變化及其機制。E- mail: jiangjungd@163.com
10.3969/j.issn.1002- 266X.2017.36.007
R654.1
A
1002- 266X(2017)36- 0025- 03
2017- 03- 08)