龍寧 劉躍輝 劉先平 羅岳西
(1.南充市中心醫院產科;2.南充市中心醫院骨科,四川南充 637000)
脂聯素、MMP-9水平與妊娠高血壓子癇前期圍產兒結局相關性研究
龍寧1劉躍輝2劉先平1羅岳西1
(1.南充市中心醫院產科;2.南充市中心醫院骨科,四川南充 637000)
目的:分析脂聯素、基質金屬蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)水平與妊娠高血壓子癇前期(PE)圍產兒結局的相關性,探討其臨床參考價值。方法:157例PE孕婦分為輕度PE組(n=64)、重度PE組(n=93),選取同期60名正常孕婦,納入對照組。檢測各組孕婦血清脂聯素及胎盤MMP-9水平,并就其與圍產兒5 min Apgar評分、體質量及胎盤質量的相關性進行分析。結果:PE組孕婦血清脂聯素及胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達均低于對照組,隨著孕婦病情加重,其血清脂聯素及胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達進一步下降,組間差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。PE孕婦圍產兒5 min Apgar評分、出生體質量及胎盤質量均低于對照組,隨著孕婦病情加重,其圍產兒5 min Apgar評分、出生體質量及胎盤質量進一步下降,組間差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。Pearson相關性分析顯示血清脂聯素水平、胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達均與圍產兒結局呈正相關(P<0.05),隨著孕婦血清脂聯素水平、胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達的下降,圍產兒5 min Apgar評分、出生體質量及胎盤質量均有所下降。結論:血清脂聯素水平、胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達均與妊娠高血壓PE圍產兒結局密切相關,可據此評估圍產兒結局并予以早期干預。
脂聯素;基質金屬蛋白酶-9;妊娠高血壓;子癇前期;圍產兒結局
高血壓子癇前期(pre-eclampsia,PE)孕婦除血壓升高外還存在不同程度的蛋白尿及水腫癥狀,嚴重者可出現抽搐、昏迷、腎衰竭,常可引起母兒不良結局[1]。世界范圍內,妊娠高血壓PE的發病率約為2%~8%,但目前關于該病病因及發病機制尚無明確解釋,故仍缺乏一套預測圍產兒結局、指導干預策略的特異性指標[2]。研究發現,滋養細胞侵入障礙和子宮動脈擴張不足可能是導致子宮胎盤循環高阻抗的主要原因,而脂聯素和基質金屬蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)均與這一病理過程具有密切關聯[3]。此次研究就上述指標與妊娠高血壓PE圍產兒結局的相關性進行分析,希望為PE發病機制的了解與圍產兒結局的預測提供新思路。
入選標準:1)參照第八版《婦產科學》中相關標準確診[4];2)單胎妊娠。排除:1)非單胎妊娠及輔助生殖技術受孕者;2)合并妊娠期糖尿病等其他妊娠期并發癥;3)合并原發性慢性高血壓、腎臟疾病、免疫性疾病等內外科疾病。按照上述標準篩選2014年7月至2016年7月孕婦,157例妊娠高血壓PE孕婦(PE組)符合標準,選取同期60名正常孕婦作為對照組(NC組)。兩組孕婦年齡、體質量指數(BMI)、孕周、孕次、產次等一般臨床資料比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。本臨床研究已征得我院醫學倫理委員會批準,受試者均知情同意并簽署知情同意書。
按照孕婦子癇程度分組標準[5],分為輕度PE組、重度PE組。輕度PE為妊娠20周后出現收縮壓≥140 mmHg和(或)舒張壓≥90 mmHg,伴蛋白尿≥0.3 g/24 h或隨機尿蛋白≥(+);出現下述任意不良情況即可判定重度PE:①血壓持續升高,收縮壓≥160 mmHg和(或)舒張壓≥110 mmhg;②蛋白尿≥2.0 g/24 h或隨機尿蛋白≥(++);③血清肌酐≥1.2 mg/dL;④血小板<100×109/L;⑤微血管病性溶血;⑥血清轉氨酶水平升高;⑦持續上腹部疼痛;⑧持續頭痛或視覺障礙。197例中共93例重度PE,64例輕度PE。
抽取各組孕婦分娩前空腹靜脈血,并于胎盤娩出后在臍帶附著處的母體面取1 cm×1 cm×1 cm胎盤組織,分別使用體外放射免疫分析法、實時熒光定量逆轉錄聚合酶鏈式反應技術法,對血清脂聯素水平、胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達進行定量檢測[6]。比較各組孕婦血清脂聯素、胎盤MMP-9檢測結果,數據以SPSS18.0處理,并運用Pearson法,分析其與圍產兒5 min Apgar評分、體質量及胎盤質量的相關性,以P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
PE孕婦血清脂聯素及胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達均低于對照組,隨著孕婦病情加重,其血清脂聯素及胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達進一步下降,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。見表1。
表1 3組孕婦血清脂聯素、胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達比較()

表1 3組孕婦血清脂聯素、胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達比較()
注:與輕度PE組比較,*P<0.05;與重度PE組比較,#P<0.05
指標 輕度PE(n=64)重度PE(n=93) 對照組(n=60)脂聯素(mg/L) 13.26±4.10 9.65±2.32* 15.68±2.74*#MMP-9 蛋白 0.17±0.03 0.26±0.05* 0.37±0.05*#
PE孕婦圍產兒5 min Apgar評分、出生體質量及胎盤質量均低于對照組,隨著孕婦病情加重,其圍產兒5 min Apgar評分、出生體質量及胎盤質量進一步下降,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。見表2。Pearson相關性分析處理結果,血清脂聯素水平、胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達均與圍產兒結局呈正相關(P<0.05),即隨著孕婦血清脂聯素水平、胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達的下降,圍產兒5 min Apgar評分(r=0.575,r=0.496)、出生體質量(r=0.481,r=0.433)及胎盤質量(r=0.609,r=0.528)均有所下降。
表2 3組圍產兒結局比較()

表2 3組圍產兒結局比較()
注:與輕度PE組比較,*P<0.05;與重度PE組比較,#P<0.05
指標 輕度PE(n=64) 重度PE(n=93) 對照組(n=60)5 min Apgaer評分(分) 8.75±1.14 7.60±1.58* 9.76±0.71*#出生體質量(g) 2724.58±531.60 1526.03±281.83*3307.35±465.20*#胎盤質量(g) 420.57±61.69 287.24±53.09* 577.48±70.82*#
PE常并發胎兒宮內缺氧、宮內生長受限、醫源性早產、遠期智力缺陷,因此,在本病妊娠及治療過程中,如何盡早發現、及時評估胎兒宮內情況,對于探索PE發病規律、尋求疾病的早期防治策略均具有重要意義[7]。PE的發生發展過程,由多種細胞因子間共同作用[8]。其中,脂聯素是一種含有244個氨基酸殘基的激素蛋白,主要由白色脂肪組織中成熟脂肪細胞產生,并可表達于肝臟、心肌細胞、骨骼肌、結腸、唾液腺等多個部位。脂聯素可通過兩種不同的跨膜轉運受體,參與機體能量和代謝平衡過程,并在抗炎、抗氧化、抗動脈粥樣硬化等環節發揮重要作用[9]。亦有學者發現,脂聯素可抑制腎素-血管緊張素系統(RAS)活性,達到調節血壓和血管的作用,即脂聯素水平的升高往往伴隨著內皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)的激活與一氧化氮(NO)的合成,而NO是調節正常妊娠及PE血壓、血管功能的重要物質[11-12]。本研究中PE孕婦血清脂聯素水平明顯降低,且其病情越重,脂聯素水平降低越明顯,機制可能與脂聯素水平下降所致抗炎、抗氧化能力不足,滋養層細胞浸潤障礙加劇,血管內皮功能下降,NO合成不足有關[13]。
胚胎發育至2~3周時,胎盤、絨毛內血管開始形成,母體-胎盤-胎兒循環逐步開始建立,這一過程伴隨著胎盤滋養細胞向子宮蛻膜層、肌層、血管的演變,而在PE孕婦中,滋養細胞的浸潤僅局限在子宮蛻膜層,部分螺旋動脈甚至無滋養細胞浸潤[14-15]。在滋養細胞的浸潤過程中,MMP-9可發揮水解膠原組織、重塑基質結構作用,對于胚泡的著床具有重要意義[16]。然而,此次研究在胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達水平的檢測中,發現PE孕婦胎盤組織MMP-9蛋白表達水平顯著低于正常孕婦,說明MMP-9蛋白表達水平隨著PE患者胎盤組織中滋養細胞侵襲能力的下降而逐漸降低[17],隨著孕婦病情加重,其血清脂聯素及胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達進一步下降,與上述結論相符。同時,MMP-9表達水平的下降不僅預示著胎盤滋養細胞侵襲能力的降低,也意味著胎盤著床過淺、血流灌注不足,最終可引發母體系統性內皮損傷,并對圍產兒結局造成不良影響[18]。
本研究Pearson相關性分析顯示血清脂聯素水平、胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達水平均與PE孕婦圍產兒結局具有密切相關性,可關注其在圍產兒結局的預測及早期干預中的應用。
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Study on the correlation among adiponectin, MMP-9 level and perinatal outcome in preeclampsia for pregnancy-induced hypertension
LONG Ning1, LIU Yuehui2, LIU Xianping1, LUO Yuexi1. (1.Department of obstetrics,Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637000 china;2. Department of orthopedics, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637000 china)
Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation among adiponectin, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) level and perinatal outcome in preeclampsia (PE) for pregnancy-induced hypertension,and to explore its clinical reference value. Methods: A total sample of 157 cases of PE pregnant women were divided into the mild PE group (n=64) and the severe PE group (n=93), and another 60 normal pregnant women in the same period were selected and included in the control group. The levels of serum adiponectin and placental MMP-9 were detected in all groups, and the correlation between the serum adiponectin level, placental MMP-9 level, and the 5 min Apgar scores, body weight and placental weight of perinatal infants was analyzed. Results: The serum adiponectin and placental MMP-9 protein expression in the PE group were lower than those in the control group. With the aggravation of the pregnant women’s condition, the serum adiponectin and placental MMP-9 protein expression decreased further,and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The 5 min Apgar scores, birth body weight and placental weight of pregnant women and perinatal infants were lower than those in the control group. With the aggravation of the pregnant women's condition, the 5 min Apgar scores, birth body weight and placental weight of perinatal infants decreased further, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the serum adiponectin level and placental MMP-9 protein expression were both positively correlated with perinatal outcome (P<0.05). With the decrease of serum adiponectin level and placental MMP-9 protein expression in pregnant women, the 5 min Apgar scores, the birth body weight and the placental weight of perinatal infants all decreased. Conclusions: The serum adiponectin level and placental MMP-9 protein expression are closely related to perinatal outcome of pregnancy-induced hypertension PE perinatal infants. On these grounds, the perinatal outcome can be evaluated and early intervention can be given.
adiponectin; MMP-9; pregnancy-induced hypertension; preeclampsia; perinatal outcome
R714.252
A
2095-5200(2017)06-070-03
10.11876/mimt201706028
龍寧,碩士,主治醫師,研究方向:婦產圍產臨床,Email:hhuh198142@sohu.com。