胡偉 ,王磊 ,孫磊 ,高泰龍
(1.江蘇省連云港市第一人民醫院,江蘇 連云港 222002;2.湖南省人民醫院 肝膽外科,湖南 長沙410005)
IQ結構域GTP酶激活蛋白1在胰腺癌中表達及與預后的相關性研究*
胡偉 1,王磊 1,孫磊 1,高泰龍 2
(1.江蘇省連云港市第一人民醫院,江蘇 連云港 222002;2.湖南省人民醫院 肝膽外科,湖南 長沙410005)
目的檢測胰腺癌組織中IQ結構域GTP酶激活蛋白1(IQGAP1)的表達與臨床病理特征及與預后的關系。方法采用免疫組織化學法檢測66例胰腺癌組織和49例癌旁組織中IQGAP1的表達情況,分析IQGAP1與胰腺癌臨床病理特征及其與預后的相關性。結果胰腺癌組織和癌旁組織中IQGAP1的陽性表達率分別為63.636%和12.245%,胰腺癌組織高于癌旁組織(P<0.05);IQGAP1的表達與腫瘤分化程度、淋巴結轉移有關(P<0.05),與患者年齡、性別、腫瘤部位、大小、神經浸潤及臨床分期差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。IQGAP1陽性患者的總生存期短于IQGAP1陰性患者(P=0.002),Cox多因素分析顯示IQGAP1陽性表達是獨立預后危險因素結論胰腺癌組織中高表達的IQGAP1可能參與胰腺癌的發生、發展及轉移過程,并可作為判斷胰腺癌預后的重要指標。
IQ結構域GTP酶激活蛋白1;胰腺癌;免疫組織化學;生存分析
IQ結構域GTP酶激活蛋白1(IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1,IQGAP1)作為一種進化保守的蛋白家族成員,具有多個介導蛋白質相互作用結構域,調節多種細胞活動功能,包括胞質分裂,細胞遷移、增殖和信號轉導,囊泡轉運及細胞骨架結構調節[1]。研究已證實,IQGAP1作為一種致癌基因,在多種惡性腫瘤生長、侵襲和轉移過程中發揮重要作用[2-3]。目前IQGAP1在胰腺癌中的研究甚少,尚未見報道其與胰腺癌生存預后的關系。本文通過免疫組織化學方法檢測IQGAP1在胰腺癌組織中的表達情況,分析其與胰腺癌臨床病理特征及預后的關系,以期判斷其作為胰腺癌臨床預后指標的可能性。
選取2010年3月胰腺癌標本來源于連云港市第一人民醫院行胰腺癌切除的患者,66例患者具有完整的臨床病理及隨訪資料。其中,男性43例,女性23例;年齡34~85歲,中位年齡60.5歲。采用電話或門診隨訪,隨訪截止日期為2016年12月。隨訪時間為0.6~81.0個月,死亡42例、存活14例。所有標本術后病理均證實為胰腺導管腺癌,高中分化47例,低分化19例。按照國際抗癌聯盟(UICC)TNM分期標準:Ⅰ、Ⅱ期64例,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期2例。同時取配對胰腺癌旁組織49例,由病理學檢查證實無癌細胞。所有入組患者術前均未接受任何針對腫瘤的治療。
兔抗人IQGAP1多克隆抗體(美國Abcam公司),SP免疫組織化學試劑盒(北京中衫金橋生物技術有限公司)及DAB顯色試劑盒(武漢博士德生物技術有限公司)。
免疫組織化學染色法(SP法)主要操作步驟如下:手術所取標本經10%甲醛固定,常規石蠟包埋,4 μm厚切片,烤箱60℃烤片60 min,二甲苯脫蠟,梯度酒精水化,滅活內源性過氧化物酶,抗原修復,血清封閉,一抗4℃過夜(稀釋1∶400),二抗孵育,DAB顯色,蘇木素復染,脫水、透明、干燥、封片,鏡檢。PBS代替一抗作陰性對照。
IQGAP1陽性反應主要為細胞漿或細胞膜呈黃色或棕黃色。高倍鏡下(×400)隨機觀察5個視野,根據陽性細胞比率:陽性細胞數<10%為陰性,>10%為陽性表達,其中,10%~25%為1分,25%~50%為2分,50%~75%為3分,>75%為4分。根據染色強度分為0~3分。陽性細胞率與染色強度之積0~4分為IQGAP1陰性表達,5~12分為陽性表達;閱片采用雙盲法,每張切片均由2位病理醫師獨立觀察,分別記錄。
數據分析采用SPSS 23.0統計軟件,計數資料以率(%)表示,采用χ2檢驗或Fisher確切概率法,Kaplan-Meier法繪制生存率曲線,采用Log-rank檢驗,影響因素分析采用Cox比例風險回歸模型,P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
IQGAP1主要表達于胰腺癌細胞的胞漿或胞膜。在66例胰腺癌標本中,IQGAP1蛋白的陽性表達率為63.636%(42/66);而在癌旁組織中IQGAP1陽性表達率僅為12.245%(6/49),低于胰腺癌組織(χ2=30.542,P=0.001)。見圖 1。
IQGAP1表達與胰腺癌分化程度相關(P=0.046),低分化胰腺癌組織中IQGAP1的陽性表達率最高,同時IQGAP1陽性組中淋巴結轉移的患者較IQGAP1陰性組增多(P=0.019),而IQGAP1表達與胰腺癌患者的年齡、性別、腫瘤大小、部位、臨床分期及神經浸潤均差異無統計學意義,癌旁組織IQGAP1的表達與患者年齡、性別、腫瘤大小、部位、分化程度、臨床分期、神經浸潤及淋巴結轉移均無關。見表1。

圖1 IQGAP1在胰腺癌旁和癌組織中的表達(×200)

圖2 IQGAP1表達、淋巴結轉移與胰腺癌患者預后關系的Kaplan-Meier生存率曲線
Kaplan-Meier法繪制生存率曲線并用Log-rank檢驗差異,結果顯示,IQGAP1陽性組患者的總生存期較陰性組縮短,淋巴結轉移組患者總生存期較無轉移組縮短,差異有統計學意義(PIQGAP1=0.002,P淋巴結轉移=0.001)(見圖2)。Cox單因素分析結果顯示胰腺癌組織IQGAP1表達、淋巴結有無轉移均與胰腺癌預后相關,而腫瘤部位、大小、臨床分期、分化程度及神經浸潤等因素與預后無關。Cox多因素回歸分析(α入=0.05,α出=0.10)結果示IQGAP1在胰腺癌組織中的陽性表達為胰腺癌獨立的預后指標。見表2。

表2 66例胰腺癌患者預后的Cox回歸模型分析
細胞支架蛋白IQGAP1含有4個IQ基序和類似于GAP相關結構域,這些結構域可與多種蛋白結合,通過調節細胞間黏附、細胞極性及遷移而參與腫瘤的進程[2]。IQGAP1直接結合E-cadherin調節細胞間黏附[1],直接結合F-actin[4]或經透明質酸介導[5]增強細胞運動,通過actin、Cdc42/Rac1、MAPK信號通路促進細胞侵襲、增殖和分化[6-7]。此外,IQGAP1還通過VEGFR-2信號通路調節內皮細胞的增殖及血管生成[8],并在小鼠乳腺癌腫瘤模型中促進腫瘤血管生成,同時證實IQGAP1能夠促進乳腺MCF-7細胞增殖及腫瘤形成[6]。反之,通過可滲透肽類破壞IQGAP1與ERK1/2的相互作用能夠抑制Ras驅動的小鼠腫瘤形成及侵襲能力[9]。已證實IQGAP1在肝癌[2]、肺癌[10]及食管癌等[11]多種實體腫瘤組織中高表達,并與病理分化級別相關[12]。本研究顯示,胰腺癌組織IQGAP1蛋白表達高于癌旁組織,在低分化組表達高于高中分化組,表明IQGAP1與胰腺癌分化程度相關,提示IQGAP1的高表達與胰腺癌的侵襲、轉移有關。與上述IQGAP1的調節功能一致。
IQGAP1與β-catenin相互作用可提高肝癌細胞的轉移能力從而促進腫瘤進展[13]。過表達IQGAP1能促進胰腺癌細胞SW1990的增殖,而沉默IQGAP1通過下調活化性Cdc42/Rac1降低細胞增殖率,抑制腫瘤細胞遷移[14]。子宮內膜癌細胞IQGAP1高表達可促進細胞上皮間質轉化及增殖、侵襲[15]。IQGAP1在腫瘤組織中高表達及在腫瘤侵襲前緣表達[16]、彌漫型表達[17]均與預后不良密切相關。而且IQGAP1高表達可作為判斷惡性膠質瘤的診斷指標[18]。本研究顯示,IQGAP1表達與淋巴結轉移有關,提示其可作為預測胰腺癌侵襲與轉移的有效指標。表明IQGAP1可能作為胰腺癌治療的潛在靶點。本研究中發現IQGAP1表達與臨床分期無關,分析原因可能與胰腺癌晚期樣本量少有關。
單因素分析IQGAP1與胰腺癌預后的關系發現,其陽性表達較陰性表達患者生存期縮短,預后相對差,這可能與IQGAP1參與胰腺癌細胞黏附、遷移、轉移及血管生成有關。這種關聯的科學依據是腫瘤侵襲、轉移過程中需要細胞之間黏附的動態重排。通過多因素分析發現,IQGAP1陽性表達可作為判斷胰腺癌患者預后的獨立危險因素。
綜上所述,IQGAP1上調在胰腺癌的發生發展、轉移過程中發揮重要作用,且與胰腺癌的惡性程度、淋巴結轉移及預后不良有關,可能作為胰腺癌預后評估的參考指標,但IQGAP1在胰腺癌的具體機制,比如是否參與胰腺癌組織的血管形成尚不清楚,有待于進一步研究。
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Expression and prognostic role of IQGAP1 in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma*
Wei Hu1,Lei Wang1,Lei Sun1,Tai-long Gao2
(1.The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang,Lianyungang,Jiangsu 222002,China;2.Department of hepatobiliary Surgery,Hunan Provincial People's Hospital,Changsha,Hunan 410005,China)
ObjectiveTo investigate expression the level of IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1(IQGAP1)and its prognostic significance in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.MethodsA total of 66 cases of patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma were included in this study.A total of 66 cancer samples as well as 49 paracancerous normal tissues were harvested,and the expression level of IQGAP1 was measured by Immunohistochemistry.The correlation analysis of IQGAP1 expression and clinical manifestations were performed.ResultsIQGAP1 was upregulated significantly in cancer tissue when compared with normal tissue(63.636%vs 12.245%,P<0.05).Expression of IQGAP1 was closely associated with clinical features including histological grading and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05).No significant correlation was observed between IQGAP1 and age,gender,size or position of tumor,neural invasion or clinical stage of patients (P>0.05).Patients with positive expression of IQGAP1 experienced shorter overall survival time as compared with those without IQGAP1 expression (P=0.002).Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that IQGAP1 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor in pancreatic adenocarcinoma(^HR=2.128,95%CI=1.127,4.019,P=0.020).ConclusionsUp-regulation of IQGAP1 may be involved in tumor progression,and is potentially a prognostic biomarker.
IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1;pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma;Immunohistochemistry;prognosis
R735.9
A
10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2017.30.007
1005-8982(2017)30-0041-05
2017-04-10
連云港市第一人民醫院青年英才豪森基金資助項目(No:QN150102);連云港市科技局項目(No:SH1218)
高泰龍,E-mail:docgtl@163.com
(王榮兵 編輯)