朱淑平
213200江蘇省常州市金壇區(qū)中醫(yī)醫(yī)院
循證護(hù)理在骨科患者壓瘡預(yù)防中的應(yīng)用
朱淑平
213200江蘇省常州市金壇區(qū)中醫(yī)醫(yī)院
目的:探討循證護(hù)理在骨科患者壓瘡預(yù)防中的應(yīng)用效果。方法:收治骨科患者60例,隨機(jī)分成觀察組和對(duì)照組,各30例。對(duì)照組進(jìn)行常規(guī)護(hù)理,觀察組在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行健康教育和心理護(hù)理。結(jié)果:觀察組護(hù)理前不良心理反應(yīng)29例,護(hù)理后不良心理反應(yīng)1例,無(wú)壓瘡發(fā)生;對(duì)照組護(hù)理前不良心理反應(yīng)29例,護(hù)理后不良心理反應(yīng)3例,發(fā)生壓瘡12例(P<0.05)。經(jīng)過(guò)循證護(hù)理,觀察組滿意度高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:循證護(hù)理可以明顯降低骨科患者壓瘡發(fā)生率,提高護(hù)理效果和患者滿意度。
循征護(hù)理;骨科;壓瘡預(yù)防
骨科患者中多數(shù)需要臥床休息,而且不能隨便更換姿勢(shì),導(dǎo)致身體局部血液循環(huán)較差,由于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的受壓,很容易發(fā)生壓瘡,夏季壓瘡的發(fā)生率更高。循證護(hù)理是在循證醫(yī)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展而來(lái)的,是在護(hù)理中,將科研結(jié)論與臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及患者的期望相結(jié)合[1],作為證據(jù),指導(dǎo)護(hù)理決策的過(guò)程。近年來(lái),我們將循證護(hù)理運(yùn)用到骨科護(hù)理過(guò)程之中,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
2015年7月-2016年7月收治骨科患者60例,隨機(jī)分成觀察組和對(duì)照組,各30例。觀察組男18例,女12例;年齡39~73歲,平均(45.6±1.2)歲;骨折部位:上肢骨折1例,下肢骨折21例,骨盆骨折4例,胸、腰椎骨折4例。對(duì)照組男18例,女12例;年齡40~74歲,平均(45.9±1.4)歲;骨折部位:上肢骨折1例,下肢骨折22例,骨盆骨折3例,胸、腰椎骨折4例。兩組一般資料比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),有可比性。
護(hù)理方法:對(duì)照組進(jìn)行常規(guī)護(hù)理,定時(shí)給患者翻身,即白天1次/2 h,夜間1次/4 h,翻身過(guò)程注意動(dòng)作,切勿用力過(guò)猛。對(duì)于不能翻身的患者,給予氣墊床。注意室內(nèi)衛(wèi)生,保持空氣新鮮,床單清潔干燥。觀察組在對(duì)照組的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行循證護(hù)理,具體措施:①加強(qiáng)健康教育和心理護(hù)理,正確指導(dǎo)患者:由于患者在骨折前身體自如,突然的骨折將一切都打亂了,嚴(yán)重影響了生活和工作,心理壓力較大,患者往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)恐懼和焦慮等不良心理反應(yīng)。因此,護(hù)理人員要積極與患者溝通,聆聽(tīng)患者的心聲,消除不良情緒,耐心講解骨折的注意事項(xiàng)以及護(hù)理措施,指導(dǎo)患者飲食、鍛煉,增強(qiáng)患者對(duì)疾病的認(rèn)知,使他們以積極的心態(tài)面對(duì)治療和護(hù)理,以樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度迎接治療。②積極評(píng)估易患因素:應(yīng)用Braden壓瘡評(píng)分法對(duì)患者進(jìn)行評(píng)估[2],了解、掌握患者壓瘡發(fā)生的概率,以便采取積極的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。③嚴(yán)格操作規(guī)范,完善設(shè)施,降低患者壓瘡發(fā)生率:首先對(duì)骨折患者建立床頭翻身卡,一般患者翻身次數(shù)為白天1次/2 h,夜間1次/4 h,對(duì)于水腫、多汗、感覺(jué)麻木等患者需每30 min翻身1次,翻身過(guò)程中避免拖、拉、推以防擦傷皮膚。對(duì)于不能翻身的患者,要合理放置襯墊物和支撐物,如氣墊床、減壓墊等。④定時(shí)按摩:按摩前,要觀察受壓皮膚顏色,若受壓皮膚呈紅色,說(shuō)明軟組織損傷[3,4],不能按摩,避免二次傷害。⑤加強(qiáng)皮膚護(hù)理:對(duì)易出汗部位隨時(shí)擦拭,避免過(guò)度頻繁的清潔皮膚,大小便后用消毒濕巾輕擦?xí)幒笸坑捅Wo(hù)[5]。⑥加強(qiáng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)支持。
統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法:所有數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 16.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn);P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
兩組患者護(hù)理前后不良心理反應(yīng)情況與壓瘡發(fā)生情況比較:觀察組護(hù)理前不良心理反應(yīng)29例,護(hù)理后不良心理反應(yīng)1例,無(wú)壓瘡發(fā)生;對(duì)照組護(hù)理前不良心理反應(yīng)29例,護(hù)理后不良心理反應(yīng)3例,發(fā)生壓瘡12例。兩組比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
兩組患者滿意度比較:經(jīng)過(guò)護(hù)理,觀察組滿意度96.7%,對(duì)照組滿意度72.0%,兩組比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
骨科患者多數(shù)需要臥床休息,而且不能隨便更換姿勢(shì),導(dǎo)致身體局部血液循環(huán)較差。由于局部長(zhǎng)時(shí)間受壓,很容易發(fā)生壓瘡,特別是在夏季,壓瘡的發(fā)生率更高。循證護(hù)理是在循證醫(yī)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展而來(lái)的,是在護(hù)理計(jì)劃活動(dòng)中,將科研結(jié)論與臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及患者的期望相結(jié)合,作為證據(jù),指導(dǎo)護(hù)理決策的過(guò)程。循證護(hù)理的核心思想是護(hù)理人員在護(hù)理實(shí)踐中認(rèn)真地、明智地運(yùn)用當(dāng)前所獲得的最好的科學(xué)證據(jù),同時(shí)結(jié)合護(hù)理人員本身的臨床知識(shí)和臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及患者的價(jià)值和愿望,制定出適合患者個(gè)體需要的護(hù)理決策。老年骨折患者由于年齡、身體素質(zhì)的限制,加上骨折部位的特殊性,往往住院時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),容易發(fā)生壓瘡,合理、有效的護(hù)理方法對(duì)預(yù)防術(shù)后壓瘡十分重要。本院在充分了解壓瘡的誘發(fā)因素基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)骨折患者實(shí)施了循證護(hù)理模式,在護(hù)理過(guò)程中,將最新的科研結(jié)果與臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)結(jié)合,并根據(jù)患者的具體情況及意愿,實(shí)施了針對(duì)性的護(hù)理方案,積極評(píng)估患者易患因素,減輕局部壓力,正確按摩,進(jìn)行皮膚護(hù)理、營(yíng)養(yǎng)支持、心理護(hù)理,把壓瘡消除在萌芽狀態(tài)。

表1 兩組患者不良心理反應(yīng)、壓瘡發(fā)生情況比較[n(%)]

表2 兩組患者滿意度比較[n(%)]
本文的研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組護(hù)理前不良心理反應(yīng)29例,護(hù)理后不良心理反應(yīng)1例,無(wú)壓瘡發(fā)生;對(duì)照組護(hù)理前不良心理反應(yīng)29例,護(hù)理后不良心理反應(yīng)3例,發(fā)生壓瘡12例。兩組比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。經(jīng)過(guò)護(hù)理,觀察組滿意度96.7%,對(duì)照組滿意度72.0%,兩組比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。由此可見(jiàn),循證護(hù)理可以明顯降低骨科患者壓瘡發(fā)生率,提高護(hù)理效果和患者滿意度,值得推廣。
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Application of evidence-based nursing in prevention of pressure sores in the department of orthopedics
Zhu Shuping
Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jintan District,Changzhou City of Jiangsu Province 213200
Objective:To explore the application effect of evidence-based nursing in prevention of pressure sores in the patients of orthopedics department.Methods:60 patients were selected from the department of orthopedics,then they were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 30 cases in each group.The control group were given routine nursing care,while the observation group were given health education and psychological nursing based on the nursing given in the control group.Results:29 cases has adverse psychological reactions before nursing in the observation group;after nursing there was 1 case with nursing adverse psychological reactions,no pressure ulcer;in the control group there were 29 cases had adverse psychological reactions before nursing;then after psychological nursing there were 3 cases of adverse reaction,12 cases of pressure ulcer(P<0.05).After evidence-based nursing,the observation group satisfaction was higher than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Evidence-based nursing can significantly reduce the incidence of pressure sores in the patients of orthopedics department.It also can improve the nursing effect and patient satisfaction.
Evidence-based nursing;Department of orthopedics;Pressure ulcer prevention
10.3969/j.issn.1007-614x.2017.35.76