張忠亮
[摘要] 目的 對醫學檢驗工作面臨的生物安全問題進行分析,提出安全防護措施。方法 在查閱相關文獻基礎上結合工作實際狀況,對醫學檢驗工作中存在的生物安全問題進行全面分析,提出相關的改進措施。結果 通過對現有的醫學檢驗工作現狀進行分析,發現生物安全防護方面存在缺乏安全防護意識、工作區域布局不科學、檢驗工作設施設備落后、生物安全防護監管不足等問題,這些問題阻礙了生物安全防護工作的開展、影響醫院內部感染防控。結論 通過采取定期監測和評估生物安全風險因素、提高檢驗工作人員生物安全防護意識、科學合理布局實驗室布局、配備先進的生物安全防護設施及設備、完善和落實生物安全防護規章制度等方法,提升醫學檢驗實驗室生物安全防護工作水平。
[關鍵詞] 醫學檢驗;生物安全;生物安全防護
[中圖分類號] R446.1 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1672-5654(2018)03(a)-0025-02
Discussion on Biosecurity in Medical Laboratory Specialty
ZHANG Zhong-liang
Linyi Lanshan District Peoples Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province, 276000 China
[Abstract] Objective This paper tries to analyze the biological safety problems faced by the medical laboratory, and to put forward the measures of safety protection. Methods On the basis of consulting the relevant literature and combining the actual situation of work, the biological safety problems existing in the medical inspection work were comprehensively analyzed, and the relevant improvement measures were put forward. Results Based on the analysis of the status quo of the existing medical examination work, it was found that there were some problems in the field of biological safety protection, such as the lack of awareness of safety protection, the unscientific layout of the work area, the backwardness of the testing facilities and the inadequate supervision of the biological safety protection, which had hindered the development of biosecurity work, affecting the prevention and control of infection within the hospital. Conclusion By taking regular monitoring and assessment biosecurity risk factors, it is necessary to improve the awareness of inspection staff in biosecurity protection, layout of laboratories in a scientific and rational manner, equip advanced biosecurity protection facilities and equipment, and improve and implement the rules and regulations on biosafety protection so as to enhance medical care Laboratory biosafety testing work level.
[Key words] Medical tests; Biosafety; Biosafety protection
生物安全是指人類對危害人類健康和自然環境的動物、植物、微生物等生物體通過一系列措施進行的防范行為[1-2]。隨著現代醫學和科學技術的快速發展,人們越來越重視醫學檢驗實驗室生物安全問題。同時由于檢驗人員在常規工作中需要常常接觸患者血液、體液及排泄物等,這些物質有著很強的傳染性,如果防護措施不力很容易造成感染,造成院內交叉感染[3-4]。所以需要重視醫學檢驗生物安全防護工作。該文在分析當前醫學檢驗工作生物安全防護現狀基礎上,分析制定改進措施,供醫學檢驗人員參考借鑒。
1 醫學檢驗工作生物安全防護現狀分析
1.1 缺乏生物安全防護意識
醫學檢驗工作人員在生物安全防護方面一些人員缺乏必要的認識,在檢驗標本時缺乏必要的安全防護措施,或不按照規范流程進行操作,或不采取安全防護措施如不戴防護工作帽、手套、口罩和防護鏡等,出入工作區域時不按規定進行衣物和鞋子的更換,在工作區域隨意飲食等。這些不符合規范的行為都會給醫學檢驗生物安全帶來危害。如果這些防護措施不全面,很容易造成標本處理意外暴露,導致標本感染其他細菌,特別是乙型肝炎病毒、艾滋病病毒及結核分枝桿菌等,從而帶來極其嚴重的后果。