王一涵,趙 斌,李龍浩,方文姬,陳 英,張 濤(重慶醫科大學附屬第一醫院腫瘤科,重慶400016)
惡性腫瘤是全球主要死亡原因之一,每年新發例數與死亡例數分別達到1 410萬和820萬[1-2],因此,尋找潛在的腫瘤生物標志物用以指導臨床決策有重要意義。沉默信息調節因子1(SIRT1)是一種依賴于煙酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸的脫乙酰酶[3]。有研究表明,SIRT1主要通過修飾組蛋白參與細胞生長、代謝、凋亡、腫瘤發生及耐藥等多種過程[4]。SIRT1 在肺癌[5]、肝癌[6]、結直腸癌[7]、淋巴瘤等多種惡性腫瘤組織中高表達[8]。SIRT1表達水平與腫瘤患者的預后有一定關聯,但各研究報道結果并不完全一致。本研究擬通過meta分析評價
SIRT1在腫瘤患者預后評估中的價值。
1.1 資料
1.1.1 文獻檢索策略 利用計算機檢索PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane library數據庫中從建庫至2017年12月31日公開發表的關于SIRT1與腫瘤預后相關性的英文文獻。檢索詞包括:sirtuin1、SIRT1、cancer、carcinoma、neoplasm、tumor、prognosis、outcome、survival。對相關參考文獻進行擴展檢索。
1.1.2 納入與排除標準 納入標準:(1)研究對象為病理確診的腫瘤患者;(2)描述了SIRT1表達水平與腫瘤患者臨床結局的關系。排除標準:(1)綜述、案例報道、動物或細胞系研究;(2)無法獲取相關臨床結局指標的風險比(HR)及 95% 置信區間(CI);(3)非英文文獻。如果一篇文獻內包括2個及以上試驗,并且報道了不同結局,將作為獨立研究進行數據提取。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 資料提取 數據由2名研究者獨立提取,包括:(1)文獻基本信息;(2)臨床信息(腫瘤類型、樣本量、隨訪時間);(3)SIRT1 檢測方法及臨界值;(4)臨床結局指標的HR及95%CI。
1.2.2 文獻質量評價 采用紐卡斯爾-渥太華量表對納入文獻進行質量評價??偡譃?分。
1.3 統計學處理 本研究所有分析均采用Stata 12.0軟件。效應量選取HR及95%CI,若文獻未直接提供,按TIERNEY[9]推薦的方法計算。分析各研究間的異質性采用χ2檢驗,若各研究結果間存在明顯異質性,則需采用亞組分析或敏感度分析探索其異質性的來源。通過漏斗圖、Begg′s檢驗評估發表偏倚。以P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2.1 文獻檢索結果 初步檢索獲得相關文獻578篇。仔細閱讀題目及摘要后,得到初篩文獻52篇。進一步閱讀全文,最終納入英文文獻[10-43]34篇,共7 311例患者。其中,文獻[21,39]均可再分為2個獨立研究進行數據提取及分析。文獻檢索流程及結果,見圖1。34篇納入文獻發表于2009—2017年,均采用免疫組織化學測定SIRT1的表達。質量評分為6~8分。見表1。

圖1 文獻篩選流程及結果

表1 納入研究的基本特征

續表1 納入研究的基本特征
2.2 meta分析結果 納入文獻中,33篇文獻(包含6 874例患者)報道了SIRT1表達水平與OS的關系。分析結果顯示,與SIRT1低表達比較,SIRT1高表達的腫瘤患者 OS 時間縮短(HR=1.66,95%CI為 1.36~2.02,P=0.000),見圖2。亞組分析結果顯示,按照腫瘤類型分組,消化道腫瘤與非消化道腫瘤均顯示SIRT1高表達患者 OS時間縮短(消化道腫瘤HR=1.46,95%CI為1.17~1.82,I2=75.2%;非消化道腫瘤HR=2.04,95%CI為1.38~3.00,I2=79.2%);按照 HR 計算方法分組,單變量分析組異質性明顯下降(HR=1.75,95%CI為 1.33~2.29,I2=47.7%),多變量分析組仍存在明顯異質性(HR=1.62,95%CI為 1.26~2.08,I2=82.4%)。

圖2 SIRT1高表達與腫瘤患者OS關系的meta分析森林圖
納入文獻中,6篇文獻(包含1 492例患者)報道了SIRT1表達水平與RFS的關系。分析結果顯示,SIRT1高表達的腫瘤患者RFS時間縮短,差異有統計學意義(HR=1.71,95%CI為 1.03~2.83,P=0.039),見圖 3。

圖3 SIRT1高表達與腫瘤患者RFS關系的meta分析森林圖
納入文獻中,6篇文獻(包含1570個患者)報道了SIRT1表達水平與DFS的關系。分析結果顯示,SIRT1不同表達水平的腫瘤患者DFS差異無統計學意義(HR=1.23,95%CI為 0.75~2.02,P=0.419),見圖 4。

圖4 SIRT1高表達與腫瘤患者DFS關系的meta分析森林圖
2.3 發表偏倚 33篇文獻報道了SIRT1表達水平與OS的關系,漏斗圖顯示存在發表偏倚(Begg′s test,P=0.002),見圖5。采用剪補法將估計缺失的研究納入后得到校正的合并效應量HR=1.29,95%CI為1.05~1.58,P=0.016。

圖5 漏斗圖檢驗發表偏倚
2.4 敏感度分析 SIRT1高表達與腫瘤患者OS的敏感度分析結果,見圖6。分析結果顯示,每個單獨的研究結果對總體合并效應量并無明顯影響。

圖6 SIRT1高表達與腫瘤患者OS的敏感度分析
SIRT1通過賴氨酸去乙?;饔谜{節靶蛋白活性,在胚胎發育、分化及維持自身平衡中發揮重要作用[44]。研究發現,SIRT1同時具有抑制腫瘤及促進腫瘤的雙重作用。一方面,SIRT1可以通過維持基因穩定性從而抑制腫瘤發生[45];另一方面,SIRT1也可通過去乙酰化調節相關蛋白的活性,調控上皮間質轉化,維持腫瘤干細胞存活,促進腫瘤增殖、侵襲和轉移[46]。此外,SIRT1還參與腫瘤細胞獲得性耐藥[47]。本研究通過meta分析探討SIRT1表達與腫瘤患者預后的關系。本研究結果顯示,與SIRT1低表達腫瘤患者比較,SIRT1高表達患者OS、RFS縮短。SIRT1高表達是腫瘤預后的一個危險因素。本研究結果提示,SIRT1可能作為判斷腫瘤預后的標志物及潛在的腫瘤治療靶點,與其他抗腫瘤藥物聯合應用可提高治療效果。
分析發現,研究SIRT1表達水平與腫瘤患者OS的各文獻結果存在明顯異質性(P=0.000,I2=77.9%)。作者展開了敏感度分析,結果顯示,單一研究對總合并效應量并無明顯影響。亞組分析顯示腫瘤類型、HR計算方法都可能導致異質性的產生。其他因素如患者基線特征(包括年齡、腫瘤分期、分化程度等)、臨界值、隨訪時間等方面的差異也可能是各研究異質性產生的原因。針對納入研究存在的發表偏倚,作者采用剪補法分析得到校正的合并效應量HR=1.289,95%CI為 1.05~1.58,證實了本研究結果的可靠性。此外,meta分析結果顯示,SIRT1高表達與腫瘤患者低 RFS相關(P=0.039),與 DFS無關(P=0.419)。進一步分析發現,研究SIRT1與RFS相關性的文獻納入腫瘤類型包括乳腺癌(39.0%)、頭頸部腫瘤(29.3%)、消化道腫瘤(18.3%)及腎癌(13.4%),其中報道的腫瘤分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者所占比例達到52.5%;而SIRT1與DFS相關性的文獻納入腫瘤類型包括乳腺癌(58.5%)及消化道腫瘤(41.5%),Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者占38.9%。結果提示,RFS、DFS與SIRT1相關性的差異可能是由腫瘤類型及分期的不同所導致。目前,仍需更多臨床研究的相關數據,進一步分析SIRT1在不同腫瘤類型及不同腫瘤期別中的預后價值。
本研究仍存在一定局限性:(1)各文獻中SIRT1表達水平的臨界值不統一;(2)部分研究未直接提供HR值,需要通過生存曲線計算提取估計值,未能獲取HR值的文獻被排除;(3)報道陽性結果的研究更容易發表;(4)本研究結果可能受到某些混雜因素的影響。因此,對本研究結果的解讀應更加謹慎。
綜上所述,SIRT1高表達與腫瘤患者的不良預后有一定關系。隨著對SIRT1作用機制的深入研究,以及更多高質量臨床研究的設計及開展,SIRT1有望作為腫瘤預后標志物及潛在治療靶點,為臨床治療提供新的思路和方法。
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