奧格米歐斯城，公共空間及城市轉(zhuǎn)型，維爾紐斯，立陶宛

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：DO建筑事務(wù)所

Architects: DO ARCHITECTS

重建當(dāng)前城市形態(tài)與翻新現(xiàn)有建筑已不再只是縮小立陶宛城市的戰(zhàn)略說明，或邁向歐盟遺產(chǎn)年的一波政治熱潮；它更是一種真實(shí)的趨勢(shì)——?jiǎng)蓊^逐漸增強(qiáng)。建于19-20世紀(jì)的工業(yè)區(qū)或軍事區(qū)中心地帶吸引了私人投資，一棟棟廢棄的建筑已搖身變?yōu)闊狒[的社交商務(wù)中心。這種改造過程較為緩慢，有時(shí)需要10年的光陰；然而，如今已見初步成果。“奧格米歐斯城”是一棟多功能大樓，原為維爾紐斯一座占地0.13km2的軍工校園，現(xiàn)在已被分段開發(fā)。

20世紀(jì)末期，這片區(qū)域較為凌亂，被各類技術(shù)作坊、批發(fā)商店和專賣店占用。于是，梯度開發(fā)的概念便于12年前應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。該片區(qū)的業(yè)主及建筑師希望將其改造為適合城市生活的熱鬧之地——整體結(jié)構(gòu)由公共區(qū)域（街道和廣場(chǎng)）作為支柱。改造計(jì)劃并沒有為整個(gè)區(qū)域設(shè)計(jì)明確的城市藍(lán)圖，而是分段開發(fā)：評(píng)估當(dāng)前的需求及可能性，盡量利用現(xiàn)有的建筑與結(jié)構(gòu)。

不同的商業(yè)服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)由重建或新建的大樓承載，而主要公共區(qū)前的餐廳和廣場(chǎng)則被改造為開放式空間。

停車，是購(gòu)物時(shí)不可忽視的問題。因此，該地塊的一大片區(qū)域被用于停車場(chǎng)的建設(shè)并與街道相連。此類設(shè)計(jì)增加了街道的人流量，并且減慢了車輛的行駛速度。

奧特萊斯式的“奧格米歐斯鎮(zhèn)”是一塊購(gòu)物休閑區(qū)。傳統(tǒng)意義上的“奧特萊斯小鎮(zhèn)”遠(yuǎn)離城市，僅可駕車抵達(dá)；迎接游客的永遠(yuǎn)是童話故事中糖果屋式的外觀，古怪且假模假樣；外觀之下，巨大的倉庫隱藏其內(nèi)。“奧格米歐斯鎮(zhèn)”則與此大相徑庭：真實(shí)、充滿活力，似乎是該市經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一部分，營(yíng)造了迷人的都市環(huán)境，一反工業(yè)區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)形象。□（王單單 譯）

1 鳥瞰/Aerial view

2 噴泉雕塑/Sculpture "Family Fountain"

3 剖面/Section

Regeneration of the existing urban patterns to adjust existing buildings to new funcions is not only an abstract statement in strategies of shrinking Lithuanian cities', or overall political excitement of approaching Heritage year in EU. It is also a real trend that gains the momentum little by little. Central location of industrial or military areas, created in XIXXX centuries attracts private investment, and derelict complexes become vivid social, business hubs. It is a slow process, that sometimes require more than 10 years ago, but today the city can enjoy first fruits of then decisions. A multifuncional complex "Ogmios City" (previously – a 0.13km2military campus in Vilnius) was being developed in stages.

At the end of 20th centry, the territory was a zone, occupied messily by various technical workshops, wholesale shops and outlets. The idea of gradient development of the area, turning it into a lively zone where a city life is celebrated, was chosen by the owners of the site and the architects 12 years ago. The system of public spaces – streets and squares– was to become the backbone of the whole structure.Contrary to the principle of setting a definitive urban blueprint for the whole territory, the development is being executed in stages, evaluating current demands and possibilities, and reusing the existing buildings and structures, where possible.

A network of different commercial services,hosted in reconstructed or new buildings and open spaces was started being knit from the main public space – restaurant and a square in front of it.

When it comes to shopping, a car can not be neglected. Therefore generous zones in the territory are dedicated to parkings, linked by the network of the streets. However, the design of the streets'elements encourages pedestrian movement and slows cars down.

"Ogmios town" is a shopping (outlet-type) and leisure area. However, it is beyond a comparison with frequent so-called outlet-towns: detached from a city, accessible only with a car, welcoming visitors with fake funny sugar-powdery facades imitating a town from some fairy tale and hiding vast warehouses behind them. It is real, lively and,it seems, economically sustainable part of the city, providing attractive urban environment and changing the image of the industrial area.□ (Text by Rūta Leitanait?)

4 外景/Exterior view

評(píng)論

呂富珣：前蘇聯(lián)的城市是嚴(yán)格按照分區(qū)規(guī)劃的原則建設(shè)的，維爾紐斯也不例外。這片曾經(jīng)承載了蘇聯(lián)軍工校園歷史的土地，在經(jīng)歷了世紀(jì)之交那段凋零、蕭條、苦澀的歲月之后，終于迎來了春暖花開的時(shí)光。經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇，萌動(dòng)了人們購(gòu)物、休閑、娛樂的念頭，“奧格米歐斯城”這類城市綜合體便應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。

在基本保留原有建筑的前提下，整合原有室外空間與場(chǎng)地，提供適宜的公園、廣場(chǎng)、停車場(chǎng)、兒童娛樂等場(chǎng)所，振興所處街區(qū)的城市面貌，進(jìn)而為城市生活注入時(shí)代的活力。

停車場(chǎng)的車位鋪裝設(shè)計(jì)讓初到的訪客精神一振，似乎在預(yù)示著某種與眾不同的驚喜；噴泉廣場(chǎng)的下注式噴泉設(shè)計(jì)使人聯(lián)想起浴室的花灑，令人忍俊不止；休閑廣場(chǎng)的場(chǎng)地、小品及家具，有著棋盤和棋子的聯(lián)想，暗示著休閑娛樂生活的輕松浪漫。

Comments

LYU Fuxun: The cities from the former Soviet Union period were built strictly based on a district plan, and Vilnius is no exception. This area served as a military campus during that time. It passed through a deep recession and difficult times at the turn of the century,but eventually spring came for the city. Thanks to the economic boom, people started to expect shopping,relaxation and entertainment areas. Therefore, urban complexes began to emerge, Ogmios City being a perfect example.

The original buildings are mostly still there.The outdoor areas and grounds have been integrated well, allowing an opportunity to create public spaces including parks, plazas, parking lots and children's playgrounds. This helps to re-energise the spirit of the local area, bringing modern vitality to the city life.

The pavement design of the parking spots is refreshing for new visitors, a unique surprise.Furthermore, the fountain design in the fountain plaza is reminiscent of the shower nozzles in a bathroom,interesting and entertaining; whilst the ground and street furniture in the recreation square remind us of a chessboard and its pieces, suggesting the concept of leisure and entertainment. (Translated by Dandan Wang)

5 總平面/Site plan

6 細(xì)部/Details

7 細(xì)部/Details

8 細(xì)部/Details

9 鳥瞰/Aerial view

周漸佳：“奧格米歐斯城”的公共空間可以被視作城市更新的理想范本：洗練又充滿設(shè)計(jì)感的鋪地，尺度宜人的城市家具，氛圍悠閑、時(shí)髦的街道小景。在設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)的說明中反復(fù)提到了“真實(shí)”的概念，并且將“奧戈米歐斯城”的模式與“奧特萊斯小鎮(zhèn)”模式對(duì)比——相比于后者在郊區(qū)建造出的主題公園，“奧格米歐斯城”更新軍事工業(yè)區(qū)的做法更貼合當(dāng)代城市發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)。

然而，與其局限于討論建筑品質(zhì)，“奧格米歐斯城”的由來——由多個(gè)公司組成的開發(fā)集團(tuán)與其操作模式——著眼于汰換的工業(yè)區(qū)域，分周期開發(fā)的作法或許能給中國(guó)如火如荼的城市更新一些新的思路。

ZHOU Jianjia: The public space of Ogmios City can be regarded as an ideal model for urban renewal: it features unobtrusive yet design-driven pavements,appropriately sized street furniture, as well as relaxing and modern streetscape. The concept of"realness" comes back and forth in the design team's introduction. Moreover, the two models of Ogmios City and Outlets are being compared. The latter serves as a theme park in the outskirts, while the approach of Ogmios City, a reconstruction of a military-industrial park, better fits the trend of contemporary urban development in comparison.

Nevertheless, it is better to focus on the background of Ogmios City (a development group that consists of several developers), its mode of operation(restructuring outdated industrial zones), and the practice of developing in stages, which perhaps could provide China's boom of urban regeneration with new ideas; rather than merely discussing the building quality. (Translated by Dandan Wang)

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

類型/Type: 公共建筑/Public

面積/Area: 10,000m2

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Architects: Andr? Baldi?iūt?, Algimantas Neni?kis,Gilma Teodora Gylyt?, Ignas Uogintas, Vaiva ?imoliūnait?,Justina Jauni?kyt?, Milda Grabauskait?, Gediminas Aismontas, Egl? Gela?auskait?

建造周期/Year: 2013年至今/2013 - ongoing

雕塑設(shè)計(jì)/Sculpture "Family Fountain": Dalia Stasevi?ien?

攝影/Photos: Norbert Tukaj