中國杜鵑花科植物新記錄種

童毅華 葉幸兒 吳磊

摘要： 該文報道了國產杜鵑花科（Ericaceae）一新記錄種，即埃氏越橘（Vaccinium eberhardtii Dop）。該種隸屬于越橘屬（Vaccinium）南燭組（Vaccinium sect. Bracteata），與同屬于該組的南燭（V. bracteatum）和海島越橘（V. wrightii）近緣，但與前者的區別在于花序梗、花梗、萼筒無毛，花冠球狀壇形，藥室背部明顯具2個距，與后者的區別在于花梗較短，短于苞片，藥室背后的距直立，長超過藥管的一半。據文獻記錄，該種原來僅分布于越南中部和泰國，此次發現該種的分布范圍可以北延至中國的廣西東興市的沿海地區，不僅豐富了越橘屬分類、分布的數據，也為今后該屬的分類學修訂提供了新資料。憑證標本保存在中國科學院華南植物園標本館（IBSC）和中國科學院廣西植物研究所標本館（IBK）中。

關鍵詞： 杜鵑花科， 埃氏越橘， 中國廣西

Vaccinium L.， with about 450-500 species， is the largest genus of Vaccinieae Rchb.， Ericaceae （Fang & Stevens， 2005; Vander Kloet & Dickinson， 2009）. The recent preliminary phylogenetic analyses revealed that Vaccinium was polyphyletic， and many sections recognized within Vaccinium， such as sect. Epyginium， sect. Athopus， sect. Calcicolus， sect. Conchophyllum， sect. Bracteata and sect. Eococcus， are not monophyletic （Kron et al， 2002; Powell & Kron， 2002; Tong， 2014）. Thus， more comprehensive work on Vaccinium is badly in need.

Including the recently published Vaccinium damingshanense Y. H. Tong & N. H. Xia， there are ca. 93 species of Vaccinium in China， and 23 species with three endemic species in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region， China （Tang， 2011; Tong & Xia， 2015）. During a recent field work in the coastal areas of Beibu Gulf， Dongxing City in South Guangxi， we collected some specimens of an unusual Vaccinium plant. They look much like V. bracteatum Thunb. in appearance， which is very common in the coastal woods there， but differs from the latter in the glabrous calyx tube and corolla. After comparing it with the species from China and neighboring countries， we confirmed that a number of morphological characteristics of this plant， such as the shrub habit， the glabrous and serrate leaves， the glabrous calyx with triangular lobes， the sphericalurceolate and glabrous corolla， the pilose filaments， the anthers with two conspicuous spurs on the back， are fully consistent with V. eberhardtii Dop， a species previously recorded from Vietnam and Thailand only （Fletcher， 1936; Ho， 1999; Sleumer， 1941）. Thus， it represents a new record for flora of China.

Vaccinium eberhardtii Dop in Fl. IndoChine 3： 708， fig. 80. 1930; Sluermer， Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 71： 469. 1941; P. H. H in Ill. Fl. Vietnam 1： 622. 1999. Type： Vietnam， Thua ThienHue Province， Lang Co， 27 April 1916， Eberhardt 2636? [holotype P（P00647844）！， isotype P（P00647845）！]

Shrubs， evergreen， 2-3 m tall， much branched. Twigs subterete， glabrous or pubescent， rarely setose. Leaves scattered; petiole 1-3 mm， glabrous or pubescent; leaf blade ovate， elliptic， ellipticlanceolate， or obovate， 2.5-6 × 1.5-3.5 cm， thickly leathery， glabrous， midvein slightly impressed or flat adaxially， raised abaxially， with one to several inconspicuous glands abaxilly， secondary veins 3-5 pairs， inconspicuous adaxially， conspicuous abaxially， base cuneate to broadly cuneate to suborbicular， margin serrate， sometimes inconspicuously toothed， apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences axillary or pseudoterminal， racemose， 513flowered. Peduncle 3-8 cm， glabrous; bracts persistent， sometimes caducous， leaflike， ovate to elliptic， 6-7 × 3-4 mm， serrate， teeth with glands at the apex. Pedicel 2-4 mm， glabrous， articulate with the calyx tube; bracteoles 2， caducous， lanceolate， ca. 3 mm long， margin with one or two teeth. Calyx tube greenish， ca. 1.5 mm long， glabrous; limb lobed nearly to the base， lobes triangular， ca. 1 mm long. Corolla sphericalurceolate， ca. 5 mm long， glabrous， 5lobed， lobes reflexed， ca. 1 mm long. Filaments ca. 2.5 mm long， densely pilose; anther thecae ca. 1-1.2 mm long，

Note： A. Habit; B. Flower branches; C. Flower; D. Flower with corolla removed; E. Bracts， abaxial and adaxial view; F. Bracteoles， adaxial and abaxial view; G. Stamens， adaxial， abaxial and lateral view; H. Ovary， transectional view; bars=5 mm in C & D， 3 mm in E， 2 mm in F & G， 1 mm in H.

Fig. 1Vaccinium eberhardtii Dop

papillate， with 2 spurs on back， spurs erect， ca. 1.2 mm long， tubules ca. 1.8 mm long. Style ca. 5 mm long， stigma truncate; ovary with 10 pseudolocules， each with several ovules， disk hairy. Fruit not seen. Flowering in April. （The key characters are underlined.）

Distribution： China （Dongxing City， Guangxi）， Vietnam and Thailand.

Ecology and habitat： This species grows in a small so called Fengshui wood near a village at an elevation of ca. 8 m. Fengshui woods are very common in countryside of South China， and most of them are distributed near local water sites and conserved well by the native people， for it is believed that Fengshui woods can keep the good geomancy and bring people happiness and luck. This Fengshui wood mainly consists of shrub species， and the dominant species are Elaeocarpus limitaneus Hand.Mazz.， Litsea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia （Nees） Allen， L. glutinosa （Lour.） C. B. Rob.， Cansjera rheedei J. F. Gmel.， V. bracteatum Thunb.， Myrsine linearis （Lour.） Poir.， Melastoma sp. etc.

Conservation status： In spite of an exhaustive search， we only find several individuals of Vaccinium eberhardtii in that coastal area， which is less than 10 km2， so it may turn out to be ‘ Vulnerable （VU D2） according to the IUCN red list criteria （IUCN， 2001）. Because no population assessment of this species in the field has been made， it is best classified as ‘ Data Deficient （DD）.

Similar species and notes：Vaccinium eberhardtii Dop is similar to V. bracteatum and V. wrightii， both of which belong to Vaccinium sect. Bracteata. However， V. eberhardtii has glabrous peduncle， pedicel and calyx tube， sphericalurceolate corolla and anthers with two conspicuous spurs （Fig. 1： B）， while V. bracteatum has densely pubescent peduncle， pedicel and calyx tube， tubular or slight urceolate corolla and anthers without spurs. And it can be distinguished from V. wrightii by the pedicel only 2-4 mm long， shorter than bracts （Fig. 1： C） and the upward spurs on the back of the anther， ca. 1.2 mm long， longer than half of the anther tube （Fig. 1： G）， while V. wrightii has pedicels 5-11 mm long and much longer than bracts and the obliquely upward spurs on the back of the anther， ca. 0.8 mm long， shorter than half of the tube. In addition， V. eberhardtii Dop is distributed in South China， Vietnam and Thailand， while V. wrightii is endemic to Taiwan of China and Ryukyu Islands， which are more than 1 000 km away from Guangxi. A key to differentiate the three species is provided as follows.

Key to V. eberhardtii and its related species

1 Peduncle， pedicel， calyx tube and corolla pubescent;without spurs on the back of the anther V. bracteatum

-Peduncle， pedicel， calyx tube and corolla glabrous;with spurs on the back of the anther conspicuous2

2 Pedicel 2-4 mm， shorter than bracts; spurs on the back of the anther upward， ca. 1.2 mm long， longer than half of the anther tube; distributed in South China， Vietnam and ThailandV. eberhardtii

-Pedicel 5-11 mm， much longer than bracts; spurs on the back of the anther obliquely upward， ca. 0.8 mm long， shorter than half of the tube; distributed in Taiwan of China and Ryukyu Islands.Vaccinium wrightii

Additional specimens examined： China. Guangxi： Dongxing City， Wutou Village， 19 March 2011， Y. S. Huang et al.， H110369 （IBK）; ibid. 18 April 2016， Y. H. Tong & X. E. Ye， TYH-615 （IBSC）.

AcknowledgementsThe first author thanks Prof.? Liu Yan for his help when examining the specimens in the herbarium of Guangxi Institute of Botany.

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