章美宏
摘要:本文主要從一堂語法復習公開課的教學思路和教學反思的角度闡述如何設計語法課,如何創造性地利用資源及教學上的一些啟示。
關鍵詞:語法公開課;反思;主題語法教學
中圖分類號:G632.0 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1992-7711(2018)05-0078
一、本堂語法課的總體教學思路
1. 教材內容的取舍,重難點的定位
本課是選修8 Unit3 第三課時關于過去分詞復習的一堂語法課。課本中通過選詞填空和看圖辨析V-ing和V-ed(work book)的練習復習過去分詞作為定語、表語和賓補的用法。作為高二的一堂語法復習課,單憑這些練習是無法達到熟練掌握及靈活運用的目的。因此,在教材的取舍上選擇了課本中的部分練習,改變練習的考查方式并結合高考考查方向確定了本堂課的教學重點和難點。
2. 語法教學設計的情境化,主題語法教學思想的滲透
語法教學最大的難點是如何設計情境,激發學生的學習興趣,讓學生學會語法知識的同時能夠進行交際和表達。從開始以散文詩Lake of Autumn的導入到模仿例句談論學校生活;看圖填空,熱點話題翻譯及后面兩個情景的設計,所有的設計都圍繞學生身邊的話題展開,出發點只有一個:語法內容情境化、生活化,便于學生握和運用。
二、教學設計
教學目標:
1. 語言技能目標
Help the students learn how to use the past particles as the attribute, predicative and object complement in different situations.
2. 情感和策略目標
Help the students develop a positive attitude towards hardship through learning some words expressing emotions.Enable the students to make creative use of the collections of exercises.
3. 教學重難點
How to use the past particles correctly.
e.g. position of the P.P.and the difference between the present participle(V-ing) and the past participle(V-ed).
4. 教學方法
Task-based method;theme-based method; group or individual activities
5. 教學過程描述及反思
Step1:lead-in
Listen and enjoy an essay——lake of Autumn
讓學生聽一段配樂散文《秋之湖》,然后讓學生描述一下他/她聽到的情景和感受,引出下面幾個句子:
(1)Theres a lake covered with the fallen leaves.(Attribute)
(2)I seemed to hear a girls heart broken.(Object complement)
(3)I was touched by her sorrowful voice.(Predicative)
要求學生回答以下幾個問題:
①What occurred to your mind after listening?
②Whats the function of the words in bold and what kind of voice do they have?
③Whats the difference between the structures of the P.P. in the first sentence? Can you rewrite it in attributive clause?
※反思:英語歌曲、影片是語法課導入的好素材,能夠極大地激發學生的學習興趣和熱情。
Step2:discovering useful Structure
(1)Group the sentences into three parts
將課文中的幾個填空的句子分類,用A代表定語;P為表語;O、C表示賓補。
①We need another copy of the signed agreement.(A)
②He seemed disappointed by the failure of his patent.(P)
③She tried to make herself understood while giving her talk. (OC)
※反思:這一步降低了練習的難度,不要求學生填空,而是給出單詞讓學生朗讀句子體會這些詞在句中的作用。打破教學中的一些思維定勢,不被練習牽著鼻子,整合優化資源。
(2)Encourage the students to speak something with P.P.
根據例句,以學校生活為主題鼓勵學生用含有過去分詞的句子自由表達。
Activity1:Talk freely about our school life
e.g.We have devoted teachers in our school. (定語)
We feel pleased with their interesting lessons. (表語)
They try to make us interested in their lessons.(賓補)
Step3:Grammar focus
Focus1:過去分詞的前后置定語
Ask the students to translate groups of phrases and compare the differences.
擁擠的街道the crowed streets擠滿了汽車的街道the streets packed with cars.
總結1:單個過去分詞一般前置;過去分詞短語后置可換作定語從句。
★單個過去分詞修飾something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody nobody等不定代詞時,要放在這些詞后面。
例句:被邀請的每個人都必須化妝。(dress up)
Every body invited must dress up.
※反思:以上的活動都以社會熱點問題為話題展開,讓學生能夠積極參與。
話題的選擇依據:從學生的興趣為出發點。
Focus2:過去分詞作表語
1. 過去分詞作表語時,常表示主語所處的狀態。
門仍然鎖著。(remain)The door remains locked.
他似乎醉了。(seem)He seemed drunk.
2. 過去分詞表示被動,常可用get +P.P.
大城市的清潔女工按小時付費。
Cleaning women in the big cities get paid by the hour.
Focus3:表示情緒的過去分詞和現在分詞的區分
Look at the picture and finish the sentence.
The boys were disappointed at the disappointing news that they lost the basketball match.
★★注意:修飾人的表情,眼神,聲音時,用v-ed的形式多示本人的情緒;v-ing表示令別人感受到的情緒。
Activity2:Brainstorm to make a list of some words expressing feelings.
delighted;depressed;embarrassed; disturbed;encouraged; satisfied...
Focus4:過去分詞作賓補
Create the situation to encourage the students to use P.P. as O.C.
1:What is your favorite classroom like ?
I want/like/prefer my classroom
反思: 是否能夠建立主題語法教學這樣一種教學模式:將情景式語法教學圍繞一個主題展開的語法課堂教學模式,讓語法課擁有它自已的靈魂,讓學生在學了某個語法項目之后即能就某一主題展開自由交際?
Step4:Homework
1. Complete a story with the structure weve learned.
Its womans Day.
I decided to give my mother a big surprise...
※反思:作業的布置是一個方向標,希望學生能夠在情景中運用語法知識,應該給學生一些開放式的練習。
三、教學啟示
首先,教材只是教學的輔助,要敢于大膽取舍。允許缺憾的存在并不是一件壞事,有時想做的太完美而不肯含棄任何內容反而沒了重點;其次,教學是團隊合作的過程,備課少不了同仁的意見,課堂離不開學生的參與和配合,合作的意識是教學過程中最重要的環節。因此,在平時的教學活動中多聽取學生和同事的反饋是成長的關鍵。最后,重視習慣的養成對于教師同樣重要。優秀的教師需要時間的沉淀與潛心積累。
(作者單位:浙江省蘭溪市第三中學 321100)