霍亂知多少

山東省聊城市第一中學 李茜

文章詞數:221 建議用時:5′ 難度指數:★★★

精彩導讀

John Snow（1813～1858）首次提出預防霍亂的措施。他對1854年倫敦西部西敏市蘇活區霍亂爆發的研究被認為是流行病學研究的先驅。那么，你知道什么是霍亂嗎？

Cholera is a water-borne disease that is spread through polluted water and food. 1It produces an enterotoxin腸毒素 that causes a painless and watery diarrhea痢疾 that can quickly lead to severe dehydration脫水and death if treatment is not given in time.Vomiting嘔吐alsotakes placein most patients.Most persons infected with cholera do not become ill,although the bacterium is present in their waste for 7～14 days.When this illness does strike,more than 90%of the time it is not severe and is difficult to tell from other types of diarrhea.2

A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food polluted with the cholera bacterium.The disease can spread rapidly in areas without the proper treatment of drinking water.The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in dirty rivers and coastal waters.Shellfish eaten raw have been a source of cholera. 3

Cholera can be simply and successfully treated by immediate replacement of the fluid and salts lost through diarrhea.Patients can be treated by being given a mixture of sugar and salt to be mixed with water and drunk in large amounts.4 Persons who develop severe diarrhea and vomiting in countries where cholera takes place should seek medical attentionat once.

To avoid cholera,we should eat well-cooked food instead of raw food.

讀文刷題

A.Antibiotics抗生素shorten the course and decrease the severity of the illness.

B.During the 1830s and 1840s severe cholera epidemics threatened London.

C.Cholera is an illness caused by the bacterium called Vibrio cholera霍亂弧菌.

D.Therefore,the disease is not likely to spread directly from one person to another.

E.Less than 10%of sick persons develop cholera with signs of moderate or severe dehydration.

根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有一項為多余選項。

閱讀掃障

Ⅰ.熱詞積累

1.lead to導致

2.in time及時

3.take place發生

4.strikev.侵襲；爆發

5.at once立刻

Ⅱ.難句分析

1.It produces an enterotoxin that causes a painless and watery diarrhea that can quickly lead to severe dehydration and death if treatment is not given in time.它（霍亂弧菌）能產生一種無痛的、含水的痢疾。如果不能給予及時的治療，這種痢疾能快速地導致嚴重的脫水和死亡。

句中that引導的均為定語從句，先行詞分別為enterotoxin和diarrhea；if引導的是條件狀語從句。

2.When this illness does strike,more than 90%of the time it is not severe and is difficult to tell from other types of diarrhea.當這種疾病真的爆發時，超過90%的情況下它并不劇烈，我們很難把它與其他類型的痢疾區分開來。

句中的does為助動詞，在肯定句中放在實義動詞前，用于強調語氣，意為“確實；的確”，其變體為do和did；“it is not severe and is difficult to tell from other types of diarrhea”為“主語+be+adj.+to do”的句型，該句型中主語和動詞不定式構成動賓關系，動詞不定式要用主動形式表達被動含義。