馬海群 鄒純龍
〔摘要〕[目的/意義]構建政府數據開放程度的評價體系,為政府合理進行數據開放提供參考,并為相關學者進行數據開放的定量研究提供測量手段。[方法/過程]運用權力理論分析政府數據開放的理論基礎,從權力主體和相對人權利兩個角度入手,結合已有開放數據特點和政府開放數據評價研究設計評價指標,并運用層次分析法確定各項指標的權重,再用模糊綜合評價法驗證該體系的可用性。[結果/結論]構建的政府數據開放程度評價體系具有一定的實用性和可操作性,評價體系中數據準確性的權重最大,政府支持及其政府數據安全保障其次。為合理地進行政府數據開放應該提高政府服務質量的數據準確性,并加強政府的投入力度和數據安全保護。[創新/價值]已有研究主要集中于政府開放數據影響因素的評價,缺乏對政府數據開放程度的關注。本文以開放程度作為切入點,依照指標的重要性,構建量化的評價政府開放程度的體系。
〔關鍵詞〕政府開放數據;數據開放程度;層次分析法;模糊綜合法;評價體系
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0821.2018.09.001
〔中圖分類號〕D63-39〔文獻標識碼〕A〔文章編號〕1008-0821(2018)09-0004-08
Research on the Evaluation System of Government Data Openness DegreeMa Haiqun1Zou Chunlong2*
(1.Research Center of Information Resources Management,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China;
2.Business School,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)
〔Abstract〕[Purpose/Significance]To put forward suggestions for improving data openness of government reasonably,and provides measuring means of quantitative study for related scholars,this paper built a evaluation system of data openness of government.[Method/Process]Drawing on the power theory to analyze the theoretical basis of government data opening,from the power subject and relative right,it designed evaluation index combined with existing researches about features of open data and evaluation of government open data.Analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the weight of indicators,then validating the usability of evaluation system by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.[Result/Conclusion]The evaluation system of the data openness of government had certain practicability and operability.Among the evaluation system,the accuracy of data had the maximum weight,government support and insurance of governmental data secondly.To make data openness government reasonably,the attention was paid to improve the data accuracy of service quality of government and to enhance input and data security protection isnecessarg.[Innovation/Value]Existing researches about government open data only focused on the evaluation of influence factor,lacking the concentration of government data openness.This paper provided the evaluation system of government data openness,according to the importance of index,taking the opening degree as the breakthrough point.
〔Key words〕government open data;data openness degree;analytic hierarchy process;fuzzy synthesis method;evaluation system
大數據環境下,各種信息技術飛速發展促使圍繞政治、經濟和文化發展的數據量呈指數增長,并影響著人們的生活,因而政府數據也逐漸成為公民與政府聯系的重要紐帶,對公民政務參與具有重要的意義[1]。政府作為數據的生成者和管理者在履行政府職能的過程中會采集、生成、公開所獲取和得到的數據資源,以此將辦公過程透明化而實現公民的監督和參與。這些海量不斷生成的政府數據與公眾的生活和生產息息相關,將其進行整合、利用和公開公布成為政府的重要職責[2]。推動政府數據的開放能夠使政府決策和服務更加透明化,同時打破政府各部門之間、政府與人民之間的信息不對稱[3],使共享數據普及化,提高政府開放資源的利用率。并且,公民數據獲取數量的多少能夠顯著影響其參與政府事務的可能性,從而提高公民參與公共事務的激情和能力[4]。所以,合理地評價政府數據開放程度是政府判斷工作效果的重要基礎,并使政府明確自身需要提升的領域,因此構建系統且全面的政府數據開放程度評價體系具有十分重要的意義。