“治未病”的東方智慧

文/五花肉

養生一詞，最早見于《莊子 養生主》，以“治未病”為核心內涵，歷經兩千多年演進，形成了“因人施養”、“身心俱養”、“全面養生”的養生實踐，成為世界醫學保健的文化瑰寶。

The word "Health Preservation" first appeared in "Chuang-tzu Essentials of health preservation " and took"Health Preservation" as its core connotation. After more than 2,000 years of evolution, it has formed the practice of " Health Preservation in Accordance with Individual Body Constitution", "Health Preservation in Body and Mind" and "All-round Way Health Preservation" and has become the cultural treasure of medical care in the world.

因人施養

Health Preservation in Accordance with Individual Body Constitution

“上工治未病之病”，早在2000多年前，《黃帝內經》就首次提出“治未病”的概念，進而以陰陽為劃分標準，將人體分為“太陰”“少陰”、“太陽”、“少陽”和“陰陽和平”五類體質，“凡五人者，其態不同，其筋骨氣血各不等”，根據五類體質人群在生理、藥物耐受性、對外界適應能力等方面的差異性，提出了“因人施養”的養生思想。

"Preventive Treatment of Disease is top priority". As early as 2000 years ago, "the Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine" (the earliest Chinese medical classics) first put forward the concept of "Preventive Treatment of Disease" and then divided the human body into five types of constitution: "Taiyin","Shaoyin", " Taiyang", " Shaoyang" and " Yangping"based on Yin and Yang (the two opposing principles in nature). People have five diあerent body constitution types, and their bones and muscles have different qi and blood. According to the diあerences in physiology,drug tolerance and body adaptability among the five types of constitution groups, the health-preserving thought of "Health Preservation in Accordance with Individual Body Constitution" was put forward.

全面養生

All-round Way Health Preservation

到了東漢時期，“醫圣”張仲景所著的《傷寒雜病論》進一步豐富了養生的理論和內涵，建立了“飲食養生”、“順時養生”、“養慎”等一系列理論體系，倡導“全面養生”，飲食應“服食節其冷熱苦酸辛甘”，順應四季做到“春夏養陽，秋冬養陰”；生活有節做到“內養正氣，外慎風寒”。

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" further enriched the theory and connotation of health preservation and established a series of theoretical systems such as "Diet Health Preservation", "Health Preservation Along with Seasons" and "Health Preservation in Mind".Zhang Zhongjing advocated"All-round Way Health Preservation". Diet Health Preservation emphasized "Moderate diet and Not picky eater". Health Preservation Along with Seasons emphasized "Nourishing Yang in Spring and Summer and Nourishing Yin in Autumn and Winter". Moderate life style emphasized "keep healthy internal qi and guard against wind and cold outside".

身心俱養

Health Preservation in Body and Mind

魏晉時期，嵇康在前人養生思想基礎上編撰《養生論》，提出了身心俱養的新標準，將養生歸納為“養身”和“養神”兩大體系，養身注重飲食調養，“守之以一，養之以和”，以養神克服“名利、喜怒、聲色、滋味、神慮”等養生“五難”，“不祈喜而有福，不求壽而自延”。

During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Ji Kang compiled Health Preservation Theory on the basis of predecessors' health preservation thoughts, and proposed a new standard of "Health Preservation in Body and Mind", which summarized health preservation into two major systems: "Physical Health Preservation" and "Mind Health Preservation" with emphasis on diet and health maintenance. Ji Kang emphasized harmonious and peace mind to overcome the "Five Diきculties" in health preservation such as "fame and wealth; emotion; carnal pleasures; appetite;and contemplation" and to realize happiness and life prolongation without blessing.

現代養生

Modern Health preservation

工業文明時代，養生保健內涵進一步豐富，黨的十九大報告提出“健康中國戰略”，催生出以全方位、全周期健康服務為特征的“大健康”理念，養生服務、保健器材、旅游養生等標準相繼出臺，標準體系持續健全。

In the era of industrial civilization, the health care industry has been gradually divided into different categories. The "Healthy China Strategy" put forward in the report of the 19th National Congress of the CPC has given birth to the "Big Health"industry characterized by all-round and full-cycle health services. Health preservation services, health preservation equipment, health preservation tourism and other standards have been developed one after another, and the standard system continues to be sound.

結 語

Conclusion

黨的十九大報告指出“人民健康是民族昌盛和國家富強的重要標志”。在東方養生從傳統玄學范疇成長為定性與定量相結合的醫學保健學科過程中，標準化思想發揮了積極的作用，并將繼續引領其邁入高質量發展的新時代。

The report of the party's 19th national congress pointed out that "People's health is an important symbol of national prosperity and national prosperity". In the process of the development of oriental health preservation system from the traditional metaphysics category to the medical health care science combining qualitative and quantitative methods, standardization thought has played an active role and will continue to lead it into a new era of high-quality development.