論英語口譯與文化的關系

【摘要】隨著當今全球經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展以及人類社會全球化和信息化進程的不斷加快，不同國家和民族之間的相互交流日益密切，而口譯是不同民族和國家之間交流時必須和必然的手段。口譯作為跨文化交際的橋梁不僅需要精湛的雙語技能，而且也需要豐厚的文化背景知識。本文將從民族習俗、思維模式及文化沉淀等方面淺析口譯中的文化差異。

【關鍵詞】口譯；雙語技能；背景知識

【Abstract】With the rapid development of the global economy and the acceleration of the globalization and normalization of human society， the mutual exchanges between different countries and nationalities are becoming more and more close， and interpreting is a necessary and inevitable mean for communication between different nationalities and nations. As a bridge of intercultural communication， interpreting requires not only superb bilingual skills but also rich cultural background knowledge. This paper will analyze the cultural differences in interpretation from the aspects of national customs， thinking mode and cultural precipitation.

【Key words】Interpretation； bilingual skills； background knowledge

【作者簡介】李天韻，吉林師范大學。

1. interpreters need a strong cultural background

First， interpretation involves a wide range of knowledge and coverage. “it includes both historical and cultural knowledge and related theoretical knowledge （history， religion， geography， nationality， local customs， culture and art， historical allusions， etc.）， as well as common sense （transportation），” “currency， communications， health， even legal knowledge， hot topics， etc.）， as well as a wide range of international knowledge （geography， politics， economics， history， culture， and national conditions， customs， ways of thinking， etc.）.” The wide range of disciplines and knowledge dictates that the interpreter must be a generalist in the knowledge of astronomy and geography. Secondly， there will be many proper nouns in the process of interpreting， especially many words with Chinese characteristics. There are no equivalent words in English. Therefore， this complexity also puts forward quite high requirements for interpreters.For example， his understanding， vocabulary and so on. An important factor that a translator cannot ignore is the cultural difference between the source language and the target language. In the process of translation， translators must take into account two aspects of cultural personality and characteristics.

2. Cultural differences in interpretation

Due to different cultural backgrounds， different traditional habits and behaviors and different thinking patterns， the corresponding words have different cultural connotations and they all express their thoughts and feelings according to their own cultural patterns. Interpreting is a cross-cultural bridge and a link for communication and transplantation between different cultures. Interpreters should try their best to strengthen and enhance the comprehensibility of different cultures in the minds of readers. To make the meaning of the source language equal to the target language in their respective cultures， to minimize the distance between the two languages and eliminate the differences between the two languages.

Differences in the way of thinking. In cross-cultural communication， people from different cultures and societies are not so much involved in language communication as in ideological and cultural exchanges， which also reflect the thinking process of both sides of the communication. Interpretation is to convey a language so that the listener can understand its meaning， but it is more important to reflect the speaker’s thinking process so that the translation can reflect what the speaker is referring to. This requires interpreters to have a good understanding of their culture and mode of thinking in addition to their solid language skills and fluency in language expression， otherwise interpretation can only be a translation of text. The differences between the Chinese and the Anglo-American way of thinking are mainly manifested in the following aspects：

3. Cultural deposition difference

Cultural deposition refers to the generation of a large number of idiomatic words （including idioms， proverbs， maxims， slang， sayings， etc.） in the long term use of various national languages. They contain rich cultural connotation with a strong color. Language is a mirror of culture. If there is no corresponding understanding and understanding of culture， it will affect its deep understanding and proper use of language. As interpreters， if they do not have a good understanding of the two cultures， cultural ambiguity will inevitably arise in interpretation.

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