林桂宇 劉美錠



【摘要】 目的:對(duì)比腹腔鏡下闌尾切除術(shù)和開腹闌尾切除術(shù)治療穿孔性闌尾炎的效果及對(duì)氧化應(yīng)激和炎癥反應(yīng)的影響。方法:選取2016年5月-2018年6月筆者所在醫(yī)院收治的185例穿孔性闌尾炎患者作為研究對(duì)象,按照手術(shù)方法分為試驗(yàn)組(95例)和對(duì)照組(90例),試驗(yàn)組采用腹腔鏡下闌尾切除術(shù),對(duì)照組采用開腹闌尾切除術(shù);對(duì)比兩組患者手術(shù)相關(guān)指標(biāo)情況、術(shù)后患者氧化應(yīng)激指標(biāo)濃度、血清炎性細(xì)胞因子濃度。結(jié)果:試驗(yàn)組患者手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)后體溫正常時(shí)間、肛門排氣時(shí)間、下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間均短于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),研究組置管引流率和切口感染率均低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);術(shù)后試驗(yàn)組患者血漿SOD濃度高于對(duì)照組,MAD濃度明顯低于對(duì)照組,血清炎性因子濃度低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:腹腔鏡下闌尾切除術(shù)相對(duì)開腹術(shù)恢復(fù)較快,創(chuàng)傷比較小,氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)及炎癥反應(yīng)減少,手術(shù)效果具有比較優(yōu)勢。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 腹腔鏡; 闌尾切除術(shù); 穿孔性闌尾炎; 炎癥反應(yīng); 氧化應(yīng)激
doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2019.03.050 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 B 文章編號(hào) 1674-6805(2019)03-0-03
Effect of Laparoscopic Appendectomy and Laparotomy in Treatment of Perforated Appendicitis and Its Effect on Cxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response/LIN Guiyu,LIU Meiding.//Chinese and Foreign Medical Research,2019,17(3):-110
【Abstract】 Objective:To compare the effects of laparoscopic appendectomy and laparotomy in the treatment of perforated appendicitis and its effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory response.Method:A total of 185 patients with perforated appendicitis were admitted to our hospital from May 2016 to 2018 June were selected as the research object.According to the surgical method,the experimental group(95 cases) and the control group(90 cases) in the experimental group were treated with laparoscopic appendectomy.Among them,the control group used laparotomy.The related indexes of the two groups,the concentration of oxidative stress index and the concentration of serum inflammatory cytokines in the patients after operation were compared.Result:The operation time,normal time of postoperative body temperature,anus exhaust time,bed activity time and the hospitalization time was shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).Besides,the rate of catheterization drainage and the rate of incision infection in the study group were less than that in the control group(P<0.05).Whats more,the plasma sod concentration was higher in the postoperative experimental group than in the control group,and the mad concentration was significantly lower than that in the control group,inflammatory factorsconcentration was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Laparoscopic appendectomy recovery is faster and the trauma is relatively small,and hence oxidative stress response is small and inflammatory response is reduced.Therefore,it is worth clinical application.
【Key words】 Laparoscopy; Appendectomy; Perforated appendicitis; Inflammatory response; Oxidative stress
First-authors address:Second Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,F(xiàn)uzhou 350011,China
急性闌尾炎是一種臨床上常見的急腹癥,嚴(yán)重時(shí)可引發(fā)穿孔,導(dǎo)致細(xì)菌進(jìn)入血液,引起敗血癥,危及患者生命[1]。開腹闌尾切除術(shù)是應(yīng)用較廣泛的穿孔性闌尾炎治療方法,但是創(chuàng)傷較大,恢復(fù)時(shí)間較長,切口易感染,并發(fā)癥較多[2]。隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,腹腔鏡逐漸應(yīng)用于穿孔性闌尾炎的治療中,有研究表明其療效更好[3]。故我院開展此次研究,對(duì)比腹腔鏡下闌尾切除術(shù)和開腹闌尾切除術(shù)治療穿孔性闌尾炎的效果及對(duì)氧化應(yīng)激和炎癥反應(yīng)的影響,取得顯著成效,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2016年5月-2018年6月筆者所在醫(yī)院收治的185例穿孔性闌尾炎患者作為研究對(duì)象,排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)患有全身性感染或免疫系統(tǒng)疾病;(2)妊娠或者哺乳期婦女;(3)合并其他嚴(yán)重心、肝、腎疾病。全部患者均簽署知情同意書。獲相關(guān)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)本次研究。將全部患者按照手術(shù)方法分為試驗(yàn)組(95例,采用腹腔鏡下闌尾切除術(shù))和對(duì)照組(90例,采用開腹闌尾切除術(shù))。試驗(yàn)組男51例,女44例,年齡(37.28±4.15)歲,病程(24.21±7.48)h;對(duì)照組男49例,女41例,年齡(36.74±3.29)歲,病程(23.73±7.61)h。兩組患者一般資料差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
1.2 手術(shù)方法
試驗(yàn)組患者采取的是腹腔鏡下闌尾切除術(shù),首先進(jìn)行全身麻醉,患者采用頭低腳高位,手術(shù)一般采取三孔法,行闌尾切除。手術(shù)時(shí),首先探查腹腔情況,了解闌尾位置、化膿情況,沿結(jié)腸帶尋找穿孔的闌尾,然后吸引器及小紗布條完全清除附近的膿性分泌物,超聲刀將闌尾粘連的地方分離,并分離周圍的脂肪組織,鈦夾或Hemolock夾夾閉闌尾動(dòng)脈,并切斷,在闌尾根部用Hemolock夾鉗夾后切斷闌尾,若闌尾直徑較粗,可用4號(hào)線結(jié)扎并縫扎一道后切斷闌尾。闌尾殘端電鉤燒灼,
0.9%氯化鈉沖洗腹腔,查看腹腔干凈,無出血,將Troear從孔中拔出,將氣腹消除,縫合切口,若術(shù)中探查闌尾炎癥嚴(yán)重,腹腔膿性滲出液較多,可于右側(cè)髂窩置引流管,由腹壁戳卡口引出。
對(duì)照組患者采取的是開腹闌尾切除術(shù),可以采用全身麻醉或硬膜外麻醉,于麥?zhǔn)宵c(diǎn)處行5 cm左右的切口,常規(guī)切開各組織后,進(jìn)入腹腔,尋找穿孔的闌尾,同樣吸除膿液,逐道分離、結(jié)扎系膜,結(jié)扎闌尾血管,切除闌尾,殘端電刀燒灼后可不予包埋,可將臨近系膜組織覆蓋殘端后絲線結(jié)扎,0.9%氯化鈉沖洗腹腔,然后逐層關(guān)閉腹腔,同樣,若闌尾炎癥嚴(yán)重,需放置引流管。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及療效評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
對(duì)比兩組患者手術(shù)時(shí)間、手術(shù)中置管引流情況、術(shù)后體溫正常時(shí)間、肛門排氣時(shí)間、下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間與切口感染情況;對(duì)比兩組患者血漿超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)濃度;對(duì)比血清炎性因子濃度:腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)、白細(xì)胞介素6(IL-6)、白細(xì)胞介素8(IL-8)濃度。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
本次研究使用SPSS20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)試驗(yàn)數(shù) 據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,采用字2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者手術(shù)相關(guān)情況對(duì)比
試驗(yàn)組患者手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)后體溫正常時(shí)間、術(shù)后肛門排氣時(shí)間、術(shù)后可以下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間均明顯短于對(duì)照組,試驗(yàn)組手術(shù)中置管引流率和術(shù)后切口感染率均明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2 兩組患者手術(shù)前后血漿SOD和MDA濃度對(duì)比
在手術(shù)后1 d,兩組患者血漿SOD濃度均明顯低于手術(shù)前,MDA均明顯高于手術(shù)前,且試驗(yàn)組患者血漿SOD濃度明顯高于對(duì)照組,MAD濃度明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3 兩組患者手術(shù)前后血清炎性因子濃度對(duì)比
在手術(shù)后1 d,兩組患者血清炎性因子濃度均明顯高于手術(shù)前,且試驗(yàn)組血清炎性因子濃度均明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表3。
3 討論
急性闌尾炎的發(fā)病率在急腹癥中居首位,其病因比較復(fù)雜[4]。起病急,嚴(yán)重時(shí)易導(dǎo)致穿孔,必須及時(shí)進(jìn)行治療[5]。近年來,腹腔鏡下闌尾切除術(shù)大量應(yīng)用于治療穿孔性闌尾炎中,研究表明,與傳統(tǒng)的開腹闌尾切除術(shù)相比,具有手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷較小,并發(fā)癥較少的特點(diǎn),還能夠減少患者在手術(shù)中產(chǎn)生的氧化應(yīng)激,減少炎癥反應(yīng),加快患者恢復(fù)[6]。
研究結(jié)果顯示,試驗(yàn)組患者手術(shù)相關(guān)情況明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,研究組手術(shù)中置管引流率和術(shù)后切口感染率均明顯低于對(duì)照組,說明了腹腔鏡下闌尾切除術(shù)手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷較小,患者恢復(fù)較快,并發(fā)癥較少。開腹闌尾切除術(shù)治療穿孔性闌尾炎小切口不能滿足手術(shù)需要,切口需擴(kuò)大,充分暴露手術(shù)視野,有時(shí)因闌尾炎診斷不明確,需行剖腹探查切口,切口需進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大,對(duì)腹部臟器的刺激進(jìn)一步加大[7-8];而腹腔鏡下闌尾切除術(shù)切口較小,且能夠探查整個(gè)腹腔,探查視野清晰,對(duì)診斷不明確的闌尾炎不需延長切口,對(duì)腹腔臟器刺激小,而且切口用套管進(jìn)行隔離,標(biāo)本裝入專門標(biāo)本袋取出,不直接接觸腹壁切口,有效防止受感染組織接觸切口,進(jìn)而降低了切口感染率[9]。結(jié)果顯示,手術(shù)1 d后試驗(yàn)組患者血漿SOD濃度明顯高于對(duì)照組,MAD濃度明顯低于對(duì)照組,說明腹腔鏡下闌尾切除術(shù)對(duì)氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)影響較小。手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷可誘發(fā)機(jī)體產(chǎn)生氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng),進(jìn)而抑制患者免疫系統(tǒng),導(dǎo)致患者康復(fù)時(shí)間和并發(fā)癥增加[10-11]。SOD和MDA是檢測氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)重要指標(biāo),SOD能夠去除自由基,使機(jī)體氧化和抗氧化反應(yīng)保持平衡。結(jié)果顯示,在手術(shù)后1 d,兩組患者血清炎性因子濃度均明顯高于手術(shù)前,且試驗(yàn)組血清炎性因子濃度明顯低于對(duì)照組,說明腔鏡下闌尾切除術(shù)對(duì)炎癥反應(yīng)影響較小。手術(shù)會(huì)對(duì)患者造成創(chuàng)傷,導(dǎo)致機(jī)體產(chǎn)生炎癥和免疫反應(yīng),而其主要是通過血清炎性因子來較小觀測[12]。TNF-α含量過高,會(huì)導(dǎo)致機(jī)體產(chǎn)生炎性反應(yīng),會(huì)對(duì)機(jī)體產(chǎn)生損傷[13]。IL-6主要是相關(guān)細(xì)胞在受刺激的情況下產(chǎn)生,能夠使T細(xì)胞進(jìn)行分化,進(jìn)而促使炎癥因子釋放,發(fā)生炎癥反應(yīng)[14]。IL-8在與相關(guān)受體進(jìn)行結(jié)合后,對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞有細(xì)胞趨化作用而實(shí)現(xiàn)其對(duì)炎癥反應(yīng)的調(diào)節(jié)[15]。
綜上所述,腹腔鏡下闌尾切除術(shù)相對(duì)開腹術(shù)恢復(fù)較快,創(chuàng)傷比較小,氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)及炎癥反應(yīng)減少,手術(shù)效果具有比較優(yōu)勢。
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