客來：住“家”里，開啟山城時光

□ 文/本刊記者 楊艷

網紅旅游地周邊區域是民宿的聚集地。 圖片/“愛上重慶”民宿提供

每到節假日，微信朋友圈總被重慶各景區人頭攢動的畫面頻頻刷屏。重慶市文旅委發布數據，今年“五一”小長假，全市共接待超過2559萬人，旅游收入超200億元，同比增長33.5%，再次刷新紀錄。

隨著重慶個性化旅游的火熱，民宿順勢而起，迎來發展風口，從風景秀美的偏遠山村，到繁華熱鬧的城市中心，各種風格和主題的民宿遍地開花。游客不僅能體驗當地的生活，與星級酒店旺季動輒上千元一晚的價格相比，民宿的價格更加“平易近人”。

During the holidays and festivals, the crowded vision of tourists in the scenic spots of Chongqing saturates the WeChat moment. According to Chongqing Municipal Commission of Culture and Tourism Development, the city, during the May Day Holiday, has received over 25,59 million tourists with a record tourism revenue of more than 20 billion yuan, a year-on-year growth of 33.5%.

With the boom of personalized tourism, the B&B industry takes a free ride of it and thrives. B&B with various styles and themes has penetrated into(scattered around) picturesque villages and bustling downtown. As a result, tourist can experience the local life at an affordable cost compared with those a-thousand-yuan-per-night starred hotel.

圖片/“璽舍“民宿提供

游在鄉村，住在鄉村。 攝影/楊艷

游在重慶 住在重慶

目前，依托重慶城市的特色文化、自然景觀建成的特色民宿，主要分布在渝中區朝天門、洪崖洞、解放碑一帶，以及磁器口古鎮附近，以網紅旅游地為中心輻射的周邊區域是民宿的聚集地。

而位于景色宜人的南山民宿成為新秀，藏在茂密森林里悄然“生長”，以民宿集群式發展已初具規模，成為本地人周末假日體驗不同于自家生活的最佳選擇地。

游在鄉村，住在鄉村。鄉村民宿可以讓游客體驗“采菊東籬下，悠然見南山”的詩意田園生活。城口、巫溪、彭水、忠縣、酉陽、石柱、梁平等區縣，也紛紛挖掘巴渝地區山水峽谷鄉村景觀資源和民俗文化資源，以保持當地自身特色和歷史建筑風貌為原則，在脫貧攻堅戰中建立“民宿公司+農戶”的鄉村新型旅游模式，吸引了越來越多的游客體驗觀光，重新喚醒了鄉村土地資源，促進農舍增值農戶增收，其成績有目共睹。

Travel and Live in Chongqing

Based on Chongqing's special culture and natural landscape, those special B&Bs scattered around the Chaotianmeng, Hongyadong and Jiefangbei in Yuzhong District, Ciqikou Ancient Town. In a word,all the areas in the vicinity of Internet popular scenic spots are home to B&B clusters.

Stuck in thick forest, the picturesque South Mountain B&B has developed into a new star and development based on B&B cluster has taken shape,being the best choice for local people to experience quite a new life different from home during weekends and holidays.

Travelling and living in villages. Tourist Rural B&B can offer the tourist with pastoral life as the recluse leads. Districts and counties including Chengkou,Wuxi, Pengshui, Zhongxian, Youyang, Shizhu and Liangping are following the trend of exploiting their own rural landscape resources of mountain, river and gorge and folk culture resources with Ba-Yu characteristics. While maintaining and preserving the local features and historical buildings styles, they have established a new model of rural tourism—B&B company plus farmer household in their fight against poverty. By doing so, they have attracted an increasing number of tourists, redeveloped rural land resources, increased the rural household's value and farmers' income. The result is prominent.

Whenever the peak season of summer comes,the rural homestay inn with ancient style and livable climate would all be booked in advance.

民宿如家。 圖片/“喧囂的樹”民宿提供

圖片/“生如夏花”民宿提供

每年一到夏日旺季，古村落韻、氣候宜人的鄉村民宿總是提前訂滿。

圖片/“愛上重慶”民宿提供

民宿發展需要規范化

重慶的民宿數量開始猛增是從2018年春開始，重慶旅游在抖音軟件上大肆走紅，城市房租低門檻與互聯網形成“雙引擎”，為重慶民宿的快速發展提供了快速生長的“土壤”，入住率一時間飆升，居高不下。

機遇與挑戰并存。民宿的品質參差不齊，游客與居民、民宿主與鄰居間的矛盾愈演愈烈。民宿的現狀與初衷漸漸背道而馳，問題不斷出現，民宿如何規范和管控引起大眾重視。

由國家文化和旅游部發布并于2017年10月1日起實施的《旅游民宿基本要求與評價》，明確規范了民宿行業標準，定義了旅游民宿是利用當地閑置資源，民宿主人參與接待，為游客提供體驗當地自然、文化與生產、生活方式的小型住宿設施。

2018年11月，我國共享住宿領域首個標準性文件《共享住宿服務規范》出臺，針對入住核實登記、房源信息審核、衛生服務標準、用戶信息保護體系等社會民眾關心的焦點問題提出了規范要求。民宿規范化發展的脈絡逐漸清晰。

2019全國兩會上，重慶市文旅委黨委書記、主任劉旗提交的《關于加強共享住宿市場監管的提案》，針對民宿存在的一系列問題，從加強法律法規建設、制定統一行業標準、多方參與齊抓共管、充分運用信息技術等方面提出了前瞻性的建議。

B&B Industry Calling for Normalization

The number of B&B rocketed from the beginning of spring in 2018 when Chongqing tourism went popular overnight on Douyin (a famous short video application). The low rent in this city and the Internet became driving force for the boom of Chongqing's B&B industry. At that time, the occupancy rate of B&B soared up and lasted for a long time.

Besides the chances, there are also challenges. Due to the varying services, conflicts between host and tourist seem increasingly intense.The B&B has run counter to its original intention and problems keep propping up. How to regulate the B&B industry has become a common concern.

TheBasic Requirements and Evaluation for Homestay Innreleased by Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's Republic of China which is to be implemented on October 1st clear has normed the B&B industry standard. It has defined homestay for tourism as a small accommodation facility with which the host uses local resources to receive and offer tourist with a chance to experience local nature landscape, culture, production and life style.

In November 2018, China launched the Norms on Sharing Accommodation Service--the first standard document in sharing accommodation field. It makes clear the standards and requirements for social concerns including check-in, scrutiny over household source information, health service standards, system for protecting user's information.

On the Two Sessions, Liu Qi, the party secretary and director of Chongqing Municipal Commission of Culture and Tourism Development submitted the Proposal on Strengthening Regulation over Sharing Accommodation Market and put forward some farsighted suggestions on strengthening the construction of rules and laws, setting uniform industry standards, concerted management and fully taking advantage of IT.

Yet the development of foreign sharing accommodation can be worthy of learning. As one of the world's most popular cities, Paris is the home to homestay inn. Paris' Public Health Act, Environment Act and Civil Law have legitimized provisions on banning the noise pollution, and making repeated intense and lasting noise, especially voice in night will be punished.Thanks to Paris Municipal government's repair and accommodation condition improvement of homestay inn,living in a homestay inn in Paris' Montmartre street, one can appreciate the perfect combination of the inn and its artistic atmosphere.

Homestay inn is supposed to offer a tourism experience with sincerity and humanistic care. While the B&B industry is driven by local cultural and tourism industry, the humanistic feelings of the former has also enriched the latter. Only by paying attention to the longterm delicacy and standard management, can the homestay inn survive the industry's competition.

Chongqing B&B industry will commit itself to making tourist live in Chongqing as at home.

攝影/唐安冰

國外共享住宿發展的經驗也值得借鑒。作為世界上最受歡迎的旅游城市之一，巴黎也是世界“民宿之都”。該國《公共衛生法》《環境法》《民法》等制定了禁止噪音污染的條例，反復、劇烈和長時間地制造噪音，尤其是夜間噪音將會受到處罰。住在巴黎蒙馬特街區的民宿，在室內能感受到與之吻合的藝術氛圍，這得益于政府對民宿的房屋修繕、居住環境優化等的統一管理。

民宿是一種有溫度和人文關懷的旅游住宿體驗。行業發展深受文化旅游產業的推動，其人文情懷與特色也豐富了文旅產業，兩者發展相輔相承。在“精細化”管理下功夫，經過逐步的規范管理以及行業物競天擇的“洗牌”，民宿發展才能走得更遠。

住在重慶，如在家里，始終是重慶民宿的初衷。