莊杰榕 許志紅



關鍵詞:數字閉環;下降拐點;自起動;準臨界電流;模糊觀測
DOI:10.15938/j.emc.2019.06.000
中圖分類號文獻標志碼:A 文章編號:1007 -449X(2019)06 -0000 -00
Abstract:A selfstarting control strategy with quasicritical current for intelligent contactor was proposed. The forced down phenomenon of coil current was analyzed and the constraint condition for current closedloop was inferred. Based on these, the universal feedback signal of movement of contacts was established. Thus the quasicritical starting current was obtained when turning point occurred. By fuzzy observation, the starting current for contactor of different capacity was provided for the first time. A digital closedloop control method with opposite polarity voltage was designed. The high response online current search was used to approach critical starting current under the current working condition, in order to realize selfstarting process control with coordination between attraction and counterforce. The proposed control strategy which is insensitive of contactor parameters change and voltage fluctuation, can adaptively search for the quasicritical current to suppress the contact bounce. At the same time, it has the advantages of starting block fault alarm, coil overcurrent protection and so on. The effectiveness of the control strategy is verified by the related simulations and experiments.
Keywords:digital closedloop;dropping turning;selfstarting;quasicritical starting;current fuzzy observation
0 引 言
高性能的智能接觸器在新能源并網、電動汽車等領域中承擔著可靠通斷電路的控制任務,受到國內外學者的廣泛認可及研究[1-4]。文獻[5-7]分別采取實驗歸納及數值仿真方法,分析交流接觸器最佳的合閘相角,設計選相控制方案,一定程度上抑制了觸頭彈跳;文獻[8-11]將電磁系統的勵磁方式由交流變換為直流,實現無分磁環的本體結構,顯著減小磁滯渦流損耗,開關可節能無聲運行;文獻[12-16]引入電壓或電流反饋,快速調節電磁機構勵磁狀態,解決開環控制缺陷,實現電磁系統交直流通用、寬電壓運行,觸頭系統彈跳抑制等;文獻[17-19]分別基于電磁機構的磁路模型、電路模型及動態仿真分析,實現永磁接觸器位移分段PWM控制;文獻[20]將模型預測融入接觸器運動過程仿真,改變電壓施加時間進而調節勵磁電流,顯著減小因開關投切彈跳引起的系統暫態涌流??偨Y以上文獻,勵磁電流曲線是直接影響接觸器吸合過程吸反力配合的重要參數,間接關系到觸頭彈跳和動作穩定性。文獻中大多通過離線方法獲取這一關鍵控制參量,離線方法可分為機理建模和試驗,得到的控制規律具有一定效果。然而,離線參量始終指導接觸器在線時變的運行狀態,局限性大:接觸器規格種類繁多,反力等特性不同;運行工況日益復雜,以安裝于海上風機系統的接觸器為例,面臨高低溫、電壓大幅波動、機械振動等復雜工作條件,極大地增加機理建模和試驗調試的周期和難度;建模依賴接觸器實際參數和假設條件,即便針對固定的本體,接觸器長期運行后自身特性發生改變,離線建立的模型與實際模型逐漸脫節;實驗室難以完全復現實際工況,離線實驗數據對接觸器的長期控制指導意義有限;電磁系統與觸頭系統在電氣上各自獨立,缺少機械狀態反饋變量是制約接觸器在線控制的重要原因。接觸器裝配緊湊,在有限的空間安裝位移等機械信號傳感器,不可避免帶來運動部件質量的增加,影響接觸器運行狀態,傳感器需要頻繁承受振動沖擊,成為機械上的薄弱點。
為解決上述缺陷,本文提出智能接觸器準臨界電流搜索自起動的控制思路:對運動反電勢引起線圈電流強迫下跌現象進行分析,推導得出區分電流閉環調節與電流強迫下跌的電壓約束條件,在此約束條件下,電流下降拐點與觸頭閉合時刻存在時間近似關系,間接建立起反映觸頭運動狀態的通用反饋信號,無需添加額外的機械傳感器,不依賴接觸器的具體參數;采用雙極性數字電流閉環實現高動態響應的線圈電流變換,以臺階方式進行在線搜索,將下降拐點處的線圈電流定義為準臨界電流,不斷逼近當前工況下的起動臨界電流;采用模糊觀測器建立起動電流的通用預判模型,將人為經驗轉換為精確的數字量,從而預估不同容量接觸器首次起動電流的在線搜索范圍,為搜索區間的劃分提供依據。所提控制策略無需機理建模就可自適應地獲取準臨界起動電流,完成吸反力良好配合的自起動過程,對電壓波動、本體參數變化不敏感。
4 結 論
本文提出一種準臨界電流搜索自起動控制策略,通過仿真和實驗結果可得出以下結論:
1)分析線圈電流強迫下跌的變化規律,得出區分電流閉環調節與強迫下跌的約束條件,間接建立反映觸頭運動狀態的通用反饋信號;
2)設計雙極性數字電流閉環,基于觸頭狀態反饋信號,進行高動態響應的電流搜索,不斷逼近當前工況下的起動臨界電流,實現吸反力良好配合的自起動過程控制;
3)建立模糊觀測模型,無需機理建模,以靜態電阻、電感為輸入量,為參數未知的接觸器提供自起動預判電流初值;
4)控制策略能夠自適應獲取準臨界起動電流,抑制觸頭彈跳,同時具有卡澀故障警報、線圈過流保護等優點。
參 考 文 獻:
[1] 許志紅.控制電器服務于能源管理系統的相關技術[J].電器與能效管理技術,2013,(1):14.
XU Zhihong. Technology solutions of control electric apparatus service in energy management system[J].Electrical & Energy Management Technology,2013,(1):14.
[2] 王建華,張國鋼,耿英三,等.智能電器最新技術研究及應用發展前景[J]. 電工技術學報,2015,30(09):1.
WANG Jianhua,ZHANG Guogang,GENG Yingsan,et al.The latest technology research and application prospects of the intelligent electrical apparatus[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(9):1.
[3] 徐殿國, 劉瑜超, 武健. 多端直流輸電系統控制研究綜述[J]. 電工技術學報, 2015, 30(17):1.
XU Dianguo, LIU Yuchao, WU Jian. Review on control strategies of multiterminal direct current transmission system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015, 30(17):1.
[4] THEISEN P.Emerging renewable energy and storage application demand modern DC switching Technologies for control and protection[C]//Morton Antler Lecture, 56th IEEE Holm Conf. Elect. Contacts, Oct. 4-7, 2010.
[5] 汪先兵,倪受春,林鶴云,等.智能永磁接觸器選相控制技術[J]. 電機與控制學報,2012,16(10):63.
WANG Xianbing, NI Shouchun,LIN Heyun,et al.Control technique of selection phase angle for intelligent permanent magnet contactor [J].Electric Machines and control, 2012,16(10):63.
[6] KANOKBANNAKORN W,SAENGSUWAN T,SIRISUKPRASERT S.A novel simulation of AC magnetic contactor based on electromagnetic transients program[J]. Ieej Transactions on Electrical & Electronic Engineering, 2014, 9(2):144.
[7] 紐春萍, 陳德桂, 李興文,等. 交流接觸器觸頭彈跳的仿真及影響因素[J]. 電工技術學報, 2007, 22(10):85.
NIU Chunping,CHEN Degui,LI Xingwen,et al.Simulation of contact bounce of AC contactor and study of its influence factors[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(10):85.
[8] 莊杰榕, 許志紅. 基于升壓斬波級聯方式的接觸器控制模塊設計[J]. 中國電機工程學報, 2016, 36(15): 4281.
ZHUANG Jierong,XU Zhihong.Design of the contactor control module based on the cascade boostchopper [J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(15):4281.
[9] RAMIREZLABOREO E, SAGUES C,LLORENTE S. A new runtorun approach for reducing contact bounce in electromagnetic switches[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017, 64(1):535.
[10] 湯龍飛, 許志紅. 交流電磁閥智能控制模塊設計[J]. 電工技術學報, 2014, 29(5):246.
TANG Longfei,XU Zhihong.Design of an intelligent control module for AC electromagnetic valves[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014, 29(5):246.
[11] ESPINOSA A G, RUIZ J R R, CUSID J,et al. Closedloop controller for eliminating the contact bounce in DC core contactors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies, 2010, 33(3): 535.
[12] 劉穎異,陳德桂,紐春萍,等.帶電壓反饋的智能接觸器動態特性及觸頭彈跳的仿真與研究[J].中國電機工程學報,2007,27(30):20.
LIU Yingyi,CHEN Degui,NIU Chunping,et al.Analysis and simulation of dynamic behavior and contact bounce for an intelligent contactor with feedback mechanism[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(30):20.
[13] TANG L, XU Z, VENKATESH B. Contactor modeling technology based on an artificial neural network[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2017, 54(2):1.
[14] LIN H, WANG X, FANG S, et al. Design, optimization, and intelligent control of permanentmagnet contactor[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2013, 60(11): 5148.
[15] 許志紅,湯龍飛. 智能交流接觸器一體化仿真及數字控制技術[J]. 中國電機工程學報,2015,35(11):2870.
XU Zhihong,TANG Longfei.Cosimulation and digital control technology of the intelligent AC contactor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(11):2870.
[16] 劉穎異,陳德桂,袁海文,等.帶電流反饋的永磁接觸器動態特性仿真與分析[J].中國電機工程學報,2010,30(15):118.
LIU Yingyi,CHEN Degui, YUAN Haiwen,et al.Simulation and analysis on dynamic characteristics of permanent magnetic contactor with current feedback[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(15):118.
[17] 汪先兵,林鶴云,房淑華,等. 永磁接觸器位移分段PWM控制及吸合過程動態特性分析[J]. 中國電機工程學報,2010,30(03):113.
WANG Xianbing,LIN Heyun,FANG Shuhua,et al.Analysis of displacement subsection PWM control and dynamic characteristic for closing process of permanent magnet contactor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(03):113.
[18] WANG X, LIN H, HO S L, et al. Analysis of dynamic characteristics of permanent magnet contactor with sensorless displacement profile control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2010, 46(6):1633.
[19] 汪先兵,林鶴云,房淑華,等.無位置傳感器的智能永磁接觸器弱磁控制及合閘動態特性分析[J].中國電機工程學報,2011,31(18):93.
WANG Xianbing,LIN Heyun,FANG Shuhua,et al.Analysis of fluxweakening control and dynamic characteristic for making process of sensorless intelligent permanent magnet contactor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(18):93.
[20] 郭凱偉,王立國,張超羽,等. 基于模型預測控制的接觸器開關彈跳抑制研究[J].中國電機工程學報, 2017,(09):269.
GUO Kaiwei, WANG Liguo, ZHANG Chaoyu, et al. Research on suppressing bounce of synchronization contactor based on model predictive control[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,(09):269.
(編輯:賈志超)